Synthesis and Application of Reactive Carbohydrates. Part VI: Application of Reactive Carbohydrates Derived from Starch and Hydrolyzed Starches to Cotton Fabric

Native starch, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min and 60 min hydrolyzed starches were converted to reactive carbohydrates via graft polymerization with acrylamide followed by methylolation with formaldehyde. The reactive carbohydrates so obtained were applied to cotton fabric according to the conventional pad-dry-cure method under different conditions. The latter included the catalytic system and the curing conditions. The pad-cure and the pad-batch methods were also applicated. Examination of the treated fabrics for nitrogen content as a measure of the extent of reaction, occuring between the methylol groups of the reactive carbohydrate and the hydroxyl groups of cotton cellulose, as well as durability of the finish on the fabric indicated the dependance of the reaction and durability on nature of both reactive carbohydrate and catalyst as well as curing conditions. Reactive carbohydrate derived from 15 min hydrolyzed starch along with mixed catalyst, namely MgCl₂ · 6 H₂O/citric acid (20:80), constitute the most appropriate finish/catalyst combination provided that application is carried out according to the pad-dry-cure method; drying is effected at 100°C for 2.5 min while curing is expedited at 130°C for 30 s.     

载银纳米硅丙乳液对棉针织物的抗菌整理

为制备抗菌棉针织物,采用载银纳米硅丙乳液抗菌剂对棉针织物进行抗菌整理,研究整理过程中浴比、pH值、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对整理后织物抗菌效果的影响.以抗菌整理后织物的抑菌率作为评价指标,通过单因素试验得到抗菌整理的较佳工艺条件为:浴比1:50,pH值5,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间180 s.同时对织物的白度、力学性能、透气...     

Application of Vitis vinifera Microcapsules on Cotton Fabric: A Potential to Prevent UV-Induced Skin Problems

ABSTRACT

Considering the harmful effect of UV radiation, present study was aimed at developing a UV protective finish for cotton fabric using Vitis vinifera leaves extract. Process parameters of the study were optimized for getting maximum UV protection while maintaining other physical properties of the fabric. Box and Behnken design was used under response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization process. It was found that 3.574% concentration of microcapsules with 2.942% concentration of binder at 120.664°C curing temperature were selected as optimum conditions for application of Vitis vinifera microcapsules on cotton fabric. It can be concluded that application of Vitis vinifera microcapsules on cotton fabric incorporates UV protection properties on cotton fabric, which can helpful to prevent various UV-induced skin problems.     

纯棉针织物单面疏水整理

采用浆点印制法对纯棉针织物进行单向疏水整理,优化的整理工艺为:整理剂HG68 2.5%,交联剂HG 0.3%,增稠剂HG 2.5%,焙烘温度170℃、时间2 min。经该工艺整理的单面疏水织物的单向导湿效果可达4.5～5级,经50次水洗后,导湿性能衰减≤15%,具有较强的耐洗性;与未整理织物相比,透气性下降10%左右,毛效下降5%～7%。     

阻燃-拒水涂层剂NPSi-FR的制备与应用

以羟基磷酸酯、二元异氰酸酯、三元醇和环氧基硅烷为原料,通过选择性反应制备了含有—NCO活性基的阻燃-拒水涂层剂NPS i-FR,并与交联剂PEG一起用于涤棉织物的阻燃整理。优化的整理工艺为:NPS i-FR 210 g/L,PEG-400 120 g/L,海藻酸钠60 g/L,焙烘温度140℃。织物整理后的极限氧指数为27.6%,接触角为115°,耐水洗性能较好,但白度和拉伸性能略有下降。     

Effect of finishing methods on washing durability of microencapsulated aroma finishing

To achieve a durable aroma finish on textiles has been a long time dream for textile chemists. As fragrances are volatile, only microencapsulated aroma can stay on textiles for long periods, since capsules greatly reduce the aroma evaporation rate. An aroma finished textile has to be washable. Therefore, aroma capsules finished on textiles should not only last for long time statically but also withstand harsh washing conditions. Due to low affinity between encapsulated aroma and fabric, a fixing agent must be applied with the capsules; the fabric has to undergo a curing treatment to make the agent fix these capsules. However, the curing process is usually a high-temperature thermal procedure that causes aroma loss from capsules by quick evaporation. Thus, fragrant durability on fabrics can vary significantly with different fixing agents and curing processes. Three fixing agents, three kinds of thermal curing equipment, and various curing conditions were investigated. By analysing properties of the fixing agents, heat transfer characteristics of the curing apparatus, and delivered energies in the curing conditions, a washing durable aroma capsule finishing process for cotton fabric was developed.     

两种棉织物耐久阻燃整理技术的解析

Ｐｙｒｏｖａｔｅｘ ＣＰ和Ｐｒｏｂａｎ是棉织物耐久阻燃整理中两种代表性阻燃剂,笔者从阻燃剂与织物的作用、对染料的影响,整理织物的耐久性,耐氯漂性以及安全性与卫生性等方面对两者进行了比较。ＰｙｒｏｖａｔｅｘＣＰ整理因对染料影响小,且能与功能性助剂同浴,可用于开发多功能整理产品。     

棉织物的氨基封端超支化合物免烫整理

为降低多元羧酸抗皱整理中织物的强力损失,采用氨基封端超支化合物(HBP-NH<,2>)对棉织物进行改性处理.探讨了改性剂用量及改性工艺对柠檬酸、次亚磷酸钠用量和焙烘温度的影响.结果表明,氨基封端化合物对棉织物的改性不仅可以提高免烫整理织物的断裂强力保留率和折皱回复角,而且可以降低焙烘温度,减少柠檬酸和催化剂的用量.     

Modification of cotton fabric with acrylamide in the presence of K2S2O8 for improving dyeability of natural dyes

Cotton fabrics were modified using acrylamide as the aminating agent in the presence of potassium peroxodisulphate (K₂S₂O₈) as a free radical polymerisation catalyst using a pad–dry–cure technique in order to improve the dyeability of cotton fabrics with natural dyes. Pre‐soaking of bleached cotton fabric with 5 g l^?1 K₂S₂O₈ and subsequent application of 10 g l^?1 acrylamide monomer on the pre‐soaked cotton fabric, followed by drying of the padded fabric at 95°C for 5 min and curing of the dried fabric at 140°C for 5 min, produced most balanced improvements in dye uptake, tensile strength and wrinkle recovery angle for optimum retention of flexibility of the dyed substrates when pre‐treated cotton fabrics were dyed with Camellia sinensis and Punica granatum. Application of ferrous sulphate on pre‐treated cotton fabric following a pre‐salt application method and subsequently dyeing with Camellia sinensis and Punica granatum improved the depth of shade and all‐round colour fastness properties further. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated that the treatment with acrylamide under the influence of K₂S₂O₈ led to incorporation of poly(acrylamide) in cotton by the process of graft co‐polymerisation using the pad–dry–cure technique.     

等离子体接枝反应对涤纶织物亲水性能的影响

采用氩气辉光放电等离子体处理经聚乙二醇预处理的涤纶织物,以提高织物的亲水性能,采用静电探针测定等离子体处理过程中的电子温度和电子密度,用液态水分管理系统（MMT）测试改性织物的润湿性能。探讨接枝聚合单体及氩等离子体处理条件对涤纶织物亲水性能的影响,分析了涤纶织物亲水改性的反应机制,并讨论了改性效果的耐久性。结果表明,经5%聚乙二醇1000处理后采用氩等离子体处理能显著改善涤纶织物的吸湿性能。氩等离子体最佳处理条件为：功率50W,压强30Pa,时间3min。处理后织物表面润湿时间2.9 s、水分扩散速度为7.2 mm/s,织物表面接触角0°,经多次洗涤显示出良好的耐久性。     

卤胺类单体接枝棉织物的抗菌整理工艺

 以过硫酸钠为引发剂,研究了甲基丙烯酰胺在棉织物上的接枝共聚反应及其抗菌效果。实验分别测定轧烘焙工艺(DPC)和浸渍工艺对棉织物含氯量的影响。轧烘焙工艺最佳工艺条件：引发剂和单位浓度分别为30g/L和90g/L;轧余率76%;反应时间3min;焙烘温度和时间分别是150℃和1.5min。最佳工艺含氯量为0.52%。浸渍工艺引发剂和单体浓度分别为30g/L和50g/L,反应时间为180min,含氯量可达1.11%。利用红外、SEM等对接枝织物的结构与性能进行了表征,结果表明自由基引发下,棉织物可有效地接枝共聚甲基丙烯酰胺。抗菌结果表明含氯量为0.52%的改性棉织物抗菌效果明显。     

壳聚糖在织物防皱整理中的应用

无毒无污染的棉织物防皱整理。将虾壳用稀酸、稀碱处理，脱色制成甲壳质，再用碱处理脱乙酰基制成壳聚糖。整理后的织物不泛黄，白度、强力、耐水洗性均可与传统的低甲醛整理剂相比拟，且折皱回复角较高，辅以适当的柔软剂和催化剂，可作为永久性防皱整理剂使用。     

Effect of microwave curing on antimicrobial activity of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabrics

An alternative microwave curing system was used for curing chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabric to study its effects on the antimicrobial activity of the fabric. The effects of microwave curing at different irradiation power and treatment time on the physical properties of wool fabrics and the adsorption rate of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride on wool fabrics has been examined. Comparisons were made between conventionally cured wool fabric and microwave‐cured wool fabric treated with chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride. The influence of microwave curing on the efficiency of crosslinking was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microwave‐cured samples showed a higher degree of crosslinking than conventionally cured samples without high losses in strength properties. Antimicrobial properties and the durability of the finish after repeated laundering results also supported the higher degree of crosslinking that occurred in microwave curing.     

棉织物的胍基磷酸酯硅氧烷抗菌阻燃整理

采用自制的胍基磷酸酯硅氧烷聚合物对纯棉织物进行抗菌阻燃整理,探讨交联剂种类、交联剂用量、添加剂用量以及焙烘温度和时间对阻燃和抗菌效果的影响。其优化的抗菌阻燃整理工艺条件为:交联剂PBTCA12%,尿素6%,浴比1∶20,pH值4,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间3 min。整理织物的抑菌率达到97%,极限氧指数LOI达到35%,织物白度变化不明显,断裂强力在允许范围内。     

基于腺嘌呤核苷酸单体的光接枝生态阻燃棉织物制备及其性能

为了提高核糖核酸(RNA)单元应用于棉织物阻燃整理的耐久性以及降低生物阻燃成本,采用烯丙基溴对RNA单元衍生物5'-腺嘌呤核苷酸(AMP)进行改性制备生物阻燃单体。通过紫外光接枝法将AMP单体和AMP单体/丙烯酰胺分别接枝到纯棉织物上,制备了光接枝AMP单体和光接枝AMP单体/丙烯酰胺阻燃棉织物。对阻燃单体化学结构进行了表征。测试了纯棉织物及阻燃棉织物的阻燃性能。研究结果表明:AMP单体中成功引入不饱和双键;2种光接枝阻燃棉织物的分解温度均低于纯棉织物,阻燃棉织物的失重率降低;光接枝AMP单体/丙烯酰胺阻燃棉织物的续燃时间及阴燃时间可降低至0 s,AMP单体与丙烯酰胺之间存在一定的协效阻燃作用且可降低成本。     

Polypyrrole-Coated Conductive Cotton Prepared by Laccase

Conductive cotton fabric was prepared using laccase as catalytic agent, pyrrole as electric monomer and paratoluene sulfonic acid sodium salt as dopant. The electric resistance of the prepared conductive cotton fabric was 1.22 × 10⁷ Ω compared to 3.11 × 10¹¹ Ω of the original cotton fabric. The abrasion test indicated that polypyrrole was well integrated with the cotton fibers. The conductive cotton fabric also had good antistatic performance and good UV shield capability at 280–400 nm compared to the original cotton fabric. Moreover, the coating of polypyrrole improved the thermo-decomposition behavior of cotton fabrics. Nevertheless, the prepared conductive cotton fabric preserved the same breaking strength as the original cotton fabrics. Compared with original cotton, conductive cotton showed lower gas permeability.     

棉织物的聚羧酸无甲醛免烫整理

为促进无甲醛免烫整理剂的推广应用,将自制聚羧酸无甲醛免烫整理剂（LMP）用于棉织物的免烫整理,以整理后织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力、撕破强力和白度为主要评价指标,通过单因素试验,确定了LMP较佳的整理工艺：LMP质量浓度为300 g/L,催化剂质量浓度为整理剂的10%,整理液pH值为2.0~2.5,焙烘温度为170 ℃,焙烘时间为3 min。整理后纯棉白色府绸的折皱回复角大于260°,断裂和撕破强力保留率分别为55.7%和73.1%,白度由77%降至72%,外观平整度接近3.5级。与其他免烫整理剂比较,免烫效果优于已商业应用的2 种无甲醛免烫整理剂,免烫效果及其耐洗性与丁烷四羧酸相当,比改性二羟甲基二羟基乙烯脲类整理剂稍差。     

免烫整理的技术进步与现状(一)

免烫(抗皱)整理作为纺织品化学整理的一大分支,已有80多年的历史.文中分析了棉织物免烫整理的交联分布,综述了该整理技术由最初的防缩防皱(或树脂)整理不断演变为抗皱整理、免烫(或洗可穿、易可理)整理,以及耐久压烫整理的发展过程.介绍了当前的几种新型免烫整理工艺,即潮交联工艺、温和(或低温)焙烘工艺,以及轧烘焙工艺的新进展--强韧棉工艺.     

Crosslinking of Sericin on air atmospheric plasma treated polyester fabric

Durable and highly hydrophilic polyester fabric was produced by cross-linking Sericin on air-atmospheric plasma treated polyester fabric. Surface change properties were characterized by wettability measurements (water contact angle-WCA and % capillarity), Atomic Force Microscopy and zeta potential measurements. Chemical analyses using TBO dye were carried out to estimate surface functional groups after plasma treatment and Sericin cross-linking. Positive zeta potential values at low pH values, as well as AFM images confirm grafting of Sericin. With Sericin cross-linked onto both cleaned PET and plasma-treated PET, WCA reached that of PET subjected to plasma treatment alone, that is WCA between 40° and 46° compared to 81° for the hydrophobic untreated polyester fabric. However, plasma-treated polyester is readily subjected to aging, while cross-linked Sericin on plasma-treated PET yields a more durable hydrophilic finish with a high capillarity, 85% compared to 39% for Sericin on the untreated PET, and 3% for the untreated PET fabric. Plasma treatment creates chain-scissions at the polymer surface leading to the appearance of polar groups which promote the cross-linking of greater amount of Sericin.     

壳聚糖和BTCA对棉织物多功能整理的研究

研究了壳聚糖(CTA)和丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)对棉织物免烫抗菌多功能整理的工艺条件，分析了壳聚糖与BTCA的混合比及整理工艺条件对整理效果的影响。壳聚糖作为抗菌免烫整理剂，与BTCA混合同浴整理的织物在整理和服用过程中无甲醛释放，且抗菌免烫效果良好。