小麦麸皮及面粉戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质影响的比较研究

从小麦麸皮和面粉中分别制备水溶和水不溶戊聚糖，将其以0．5％的比例添加到面粉中，以研究其对面团特性及面包烘焙品质的影响。研究发现，小麦麸皮水溶戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质的影响与面粉中的水溶戊聚糖相似，可明显改善面团特性及面包烘焙品质，主要体现在：可增加面团的粉质吸水量，增加面团的稳定时间，增加面包的体积，改善面包的内部质构；小麦麸皮水不溶戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质有明显的弱化作用；而面粉中的水不溶戊聚糖则对面团特性及面包烘焙品质影响不大。     

粉质曲线在面粉厂的应用

粉质曲线是评价面团特性的重要指标之一,它可以直观地反映出面粉的稳定时间等面团流变学特性.使用粉质仪测定小麦和面粉的粉质曲线,可用于选择高品质的小麦原料,确定合理的搭配比例,分析添加剂的作用,严格控制小麦粉的品质,确保企业生产出质量稳定的合格产品.     

新型小麦粉和谷物流变学检测仪

介绍了法国肖邦公司最新研制的混合实验系统，其原理是用从生面团到熟面团的流变特性反映面粉的品质，能更全面、科学地测定和表达面粉的质量，应用范围更广。     

大豆分离蛋白对面条品质的影响研究

通过在面粉中添加不同比例的大豆分离蛋白，分析其对面粉蛋白质品质、面团流变学特性、面条色泽及蒸煮品质、感官品质的影响。结果表明：在面粉中加入7％-9％的大豆分离蛋白质，可显著提高面粉的蛋白质含量，湿面筋的含量，改善面团的流变学特性，制作的面条韧性和口感较好；无明显豆腥味，既增加了挂面的营养价值，又提高了挂面的加工工艺特性。     

玉米微孔淀粉对冷冻面团品质特性的影响

该文以冷冻面团为研究对象，探究玉米微孔淀粉添加量对面团冻结后品质特性的影响。通过对面粉糊化特性、冷冻面团失水率、色度、质构及面团流变学特性测定，结果表明，添加适量的微孔淀粉有利于保持冷冻面团的品质特性。在0%～5%的添加范围内，随着微孔淀粉添加量的增加，面粉峰值黏度、衰减值、终值黏度和回生值总体上呈现下降趋势(P<0.05),冷冻面团的色度、硬度、胶着性则显著增加，储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)均随着微孔淀粉添加量的增加逐渐上升。添加量为3%时，冷冻面团的失水率与流变学特性中损耗角正切值最低、弹性最大；内聚性、咀嚼性与玉米微孔淀粉添加量无显著相关。综上所述，添加玉米微孔淀粉使面粉糊化特性各指标均呈现出下降趋势，有利于面团稳定；适量的微孔淀粉添加有利于提高冷冻面团的质构特性和流变学特性，改善冷冻面团品质。     

新型小麦粉和谷物流变学检测仪

介绍了法国肖邦公司最新研制的混合实验系统,其原理是用从生面团到熟面团的流变特性反映面粉的品质,能更全面、科学地测定和表达面粉的质量,应用范围更广。混合实验仪由主机、混合室、定量加水系统、温度控制系统、测力系统、运算软件、显示器等部分组成。测定的粘度曲线能正确地评价各种食品的制作特性,有效地指导食品的生产。     

热烫处理对高添加量马铃薯生全粉馕制品品质的影响

通过分析0%、40%、45%及50%马铃薯生全粉与面粉复配后的粉质特性、淀粉黏度特性(RVA参数),对比未经热烫处理和经热烫处理后不同马铃薯生全粉添加量(0%、40%、45%及50%)与面粉复配揉制成面团的拉伸特性、产气能力、馕坯挂壁率及馕制品感官品质,以此确定热烫处理对高添加量马铃薯生全粉馕制品品质的影响。结果表明,不同添加量的马铃薯生全粉与面粉粉质吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、粉质质量指数等均有不同程度的升高或者降低,淀粉黏度特性参数整体升高,淀粉回生值增加;采用40%以上热烫处理后的马铃薯生全粉与面粉复配后可显著提高面团的拉伸阻力和拉伸比,增强面团发酵活力和产气能力,使馕坯挂壁率达到100%。但热烫处理的马铃薯生全粉与面粉复配后做成的馕制品,其风味、色泽等感官品质指标显著低于面粉制成的馕产品。     

面粉质量和粒度对主食馒头品质影响机理的研究

通过对小麦籽粒结构的分析，对馒头用面粉的颗粒特性的研究，以及对淀粉损伤的测定和面粉加工工艺特点的经验总结，得出馒头对面粉品质的要求范围较大，从中筋到弱筋小麦都可以生产馒头专用面粉．制作适宜不同消费的馒头；筋力愈高，面团的发酵时间愈长，馒头的弹性愈好；面粉的颗粒度对馒头的弹性和起发性呈正效应．但对其外观形状呈负效应；面粉的淀粉损伤对馒头的组织结构、体积和外观有显著的影响：面粉的加工工艺对馒头的结构品质的影响也有相关性。     

面粉改良剂改善燕麦面团流变学特性的应用进展

燕麦营养丰富,但其面筋含量低,不能形成加工性能良好的面团,制约了燕麦食品工业的发展.添加面粉品质改良剂可改善其成团特性,面团流变学特性对面团的加工品质和最终产品的品质均有重要影响.综述了近年来不同面粉改良剂的添加对燕麦面团流变学特性影响的研究进展,以期为今后燕麦面制食品的研究与开发提供参考.     

花卷感官指标与面团流变学特性的相关性研究

为探讨花卷感官指标与面团流变学特性的关联性,对12种面粉制作的花卷进行感官评定,利用粉质仪和拉伸仪测定面团流变学特性,对花卷的感官指标与流变学参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,面粉在不同加水量下制作花卷品质差异性大,在最适加水量下可实现最佳品质,不同面粉制作花卷的最适加水量和花卷品质差异明显。通过相关性分析发现,花卷的口感风味及组织形态与面团的形成时间和稳定时间负相关,与拉伸阻力和拉伸比例正相关,咀嚼性与稳定时间和弱化度正相关,面团形成时间在1.95 min~2.42 min,稳定时间在3.73 min~6.18 min,拉伸比例在1.8 BU/mm~2.2 BU/mm的面粉有利于制作良好品质的花卷。     

面粉品质近红外光谱在线检测系统开发与应用

本研究运用近红外光谱无损检测技术,开发了一种适用于面粉品质检测的在线测量系统。本系统在硬件平台基础上,采用C++Builder 6.0对NIR 1.7/S微型光谱仪进行二次开发,编写了具有光谱采集、面粉品质预测、模型更新和数据存储等功能的软件。对市售170种面粉进行试验,以面粉水分含量为代表性指标。通过对比不同光谱预处理方法建模结果,发现不进行任何预处理时的面粉水分偏最小二乘回归(PLS)得到的模型精度最高。建模集和验证集决定系数(R2)分别为0.947,0.841;均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.146%,0.198%;RPD值为2.53。模型导入软件后对30份新样品进行外部验证,预测值与测量值决定系数(R2)为0.883,均方根误差为0.206%。结果表明,该系统能够初步实现面粉水分的实时预测,为近红外在线检测技术应用提供了一定的技术参考。     

Bread Quality of Wheat Flour by Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry: Feasibility of Modeling

Commercial bakeries need a means to measure the dough-handling and bread-making functionalitv of wheat flour during processing. The feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectrophotometry for such measurement was examined. Flour from hard red spring and hard red winter wheat were tested for: water absorption, dough mixing time, dough mixing tolerance, loaf height, internal grain appearance, and overall bake score. The ability of NIR to measure protein level, and/ or starch damage, as well as positive relationships between the two and water absorption, probably made it successful for modeling water absorption. Models for the remaining five indices were less accurate due to the complexity of interactions between protein, starch, and lipids, and inadequate instrument sensitivity.     

Composition and Radical Scavenging Capacity of Phenolic Compounds in Wheat-Chickpea Dough

The content, composition, and radical scavenging capacity of phenolic compounds in wheat-chickpea (60:40, w/w) flour and dough were studied in this research. The content of phenolic compounds in wheat-chickpea dough was almost twice as high as in the flour from which the dough was made. The addition of chickpea flour to wheat flour contributed to the improved scavenging capacity of dough. The wheat-chickpea dough had a lower maximal achieved scavenging capacity than wheat-chickpea flour, but higher than that of the wheat dough. The quercetin, genkwanin, and apigenin glucosides could be considered as stable components during the mixing of the wheat-chickpea dough. The wheat-chickpea bread retained the radical scavenging capacity which the dough had.     

Tannins improve dough mixing properties through affecting physicochemical and structural properties of wheat gluten proteins

The quality of wheat flour is largely determined by the properties of gluten proteins. Chemical components that influence gluten proteins are used as flour improvers in the flour industry. In this study, tannins which are natural occurring polyphenols were found to improve dough mixing properties. The effects of tannins on the physicochemical and structural properties of gluten proteins were examined, and the results showed that tannins promoted the non-covalent interactions among gluten proteins, although they induced SH/SS interchange reactions in the dough. The β-turn and α-helix conformations were increased, whereas the β-sheet conformation was decreased in dough containing tannins as detected by FTIR. Moreover, the addition of tannins promoted the aggregation of gluten proteins, modified the microstructure of gluten networks, and improved the mixing properties. The positive effects of tannins on dough properties implied the potential of tannins as a new flour improver.     

Prediction of wheat quality parameters using near-infrared spectroscopy and artificial neural networks

In wheat and flour processing, the quality control needs quick analytical tools for predicting physical, rheological, and chemical properties. In this study, near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy combined with artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the flour quality parameters that are protein content, moisture content, Zeleny sedimentation, water absorption, dough development time, dough stability time, degree of dough softening, tenacity (P), extensibility (L), P/G, strength, and baking test (loaf volume and loaf weight). A total of 79 flour samples of different wheat varieties grown in different regions of Turkey were chemically analyzed, and the results of both NIR spectrum (400–2,498 nm) and chemical analysis were used to train/test the network by applying various ANN architectures. Prediction of protein, P, P/G, moisture content, Zeleny sedimentation, and water absorption in particular gave a very good accuracy with coefficient of determination (R ²) of 0.952, 0.948, 0.933, 0.920, 0.917, and 0.832, respectively. The results indicate that NIR combined with the ANN can successfully be used to predict the quality parameters of wheat flour.     

On-line analysis of intact olive fruits by vis–NIR spectroscopy: Optimisation of the acquisition parameters

In the last years, the potential of NIRS for quantitative and qualitative analysis of olives fruits and oils has been investigated. However, limited work has been published about the on-line implementation of NIR spectroscopy in this sector. NIRS application at factory level (olive mills) is desirable. However, prior its implementation, many parameters related to the on-line spectrum acquisition, must be studied and optimised. In this paper, the influence of parameters such as focal distance and integration time has been studied. On-line spectral measurements were performed on intact olives in the spectral range of 380–1690 nm using a diode array spectrometer located on the top of a conveyor belt. The statistical criteria used to evaluate the spectral repeatability for each level of parameters considered were the standard deviation (SD) of the log (1/R) values and the root mean square statistics (RMS). Results demonstrated that for on-line control of olives in movement, spectra acquisition process was more affected by the focal distance chosen than by the integration time used. A focal distance of 13 mm and an integration time of 5 s have been defined as the optimal operational conditions.     

Rheological properties of sheeted wheat flour dough measured with large deformations

Abstract

Large deformation rheological properties of a bread dough sheet were compared with baking quality of dough from the same sheet. Both rheological test and baking test could differentiate between dough made from a strong and a weak flour. Apparent viscosity at large deformation appeared to be the best predictor of the minimum sheeting requirement to obtain high loaf volume. This is similar to Mechanical Dough Development (MDD) mixing of dough where the mixing curve (apparent viscosity) is used to determine mixing requirement. Baking tests showed that loaf quality (volume and crumb texture) for bread made with sheeting was different from bread made with MDD mixing, particularly when dough was developed beyond the minimum sheeting requirement. These differences indicate that dough development (or over‐development) by sheeting may occur through a different mechanism than by MDD mixing.     

Experiments on dough rheology to improve screening of bread wheat cultivars

The bread‐making potential of flour may be roughly estimated by dough rheology, especially its tolerance to over‐mixing as determined with the farinograph. The objective of this study was to identify the relative effects of experimental conditions likely to affect dough mixing stability: mixer speed, temperature, salt, yeast and bread additives such as ascorbic acid and preservatives. The addition of 1–2% salt or ascorbic acid (50 mg kg^?1 flour) improved dough mixing stability and counteracted the negative effect of bread preservatives. Mixing salted dough at slow speed (63 rpm) and 25 °C might be a more realistic bread‐making procedure for performing dough rheology assays with equipment such as the farinograph, compared to official methods (only flour and water, no salt; 30 °C). Amongst five bread wheat cultivars, differences existed in dough strengthening response to both salt and ascorbic acid, a property that may find application in wheat breeding and screening.     

Insects as ingredients for bakery goods. A comparison study of H. illucens,A. domestica and T. molitor flours

Due to a rising demand for proteins, food industry is considering new alternative protein sources that can be used for human food. The aim of this research was to explore the potential use of insects' flour as protein-rich ingredient for bakery products. Hermetia illucens, Acheta domestica and Tenebrio molitor were ground and used to replace 5% wheat flour in doughs and breads. The protein content of the insect flours ranged from 45% to 57% (d.m.) and fat content from 27% to 36% (d.m.). The inclusion of insects' flour affected the rheological properties (water absorption and stability), of dough during mixing, having less water adsorption. Breadmaking process could be carried out with all the composite flours. Breads containing A. domestica flour showed similar specific volume and texture parameters than wheat bread, but with higher content of proteins and fibers. Globally, results confirmed the usefulness of insects' flour for making breads with improved nutritional value.Industrial relevanceThis study evaluated the potential application of three different insects as protein source ingredients for bakery products. Results confirm that insects flour could be added to replace wheat flour in breads without significantly affecting dough properties and leading to breads with acceptable technological quality and improved nutritional profile.     

A Feasibility Study on the Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Authentication of Depurated Salmon Fillets

Some species of actinomycetes, fungi, and blue-green algae produce semivolatile off-flavor compounds responsible for earthy-musty odorants in water from aquaculture facilities and tend to bioaccumulate within fish flesh. Although these off-flavor compounds are harmless to human health, high levels within fish tissue lead to an undesirable taste leading to an unmarketable consumption quality. Preharvest processes such as depuration can be used to eliminate most of these off-flavor compounds and ultimately enhance salmon quality. This study examined the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to discriminate depurated from nondepurated salmon fillets (n?=?62). Partial least squares discriminant analysis based on NIR spectra correctly classified 100 % of non-depurated and depurated salmon fillets. The successful classification was likely a consequence of statistically significant differences in the content of off-flavor compounds between both samples, which could have been detected by NIR spectra. Thus, NIRS is a fast, inexpensive, solvent-free, and non-destructive technology that can be used for the authentication of salmon with enhanced quality for marketing purposes.