300MW汽轮发电机组扭振的模拟试验研究

对东方３００ＭＷ汽轮发电机组的扭振进行了模拟试验研究,设计并制造了扭振模拟机及其扭振试验与测试系统,测试并分析了该模拟机的扭振特性。试验结果表明,扭振模拟机的前几阶扭振固有频率和振型与被模拟对象基本吻合,可以用来研究被模拟对象的扭振响应特性及其与电系统的耦合互作用规律。     

弯曲振动对脉冲时序扭振测量法的影响分析

介绍了扭振脉冲时序测量法及其误差影响因素,分析了弯曲振动对扭转振动测试结果的影响,指出不同侧弯曲振动对扭振测试结果的影响机理不同。同侧弯曲振动会导致调理后的TTL信号中出现丢齿现象,可以通过增设高通滤波器的方法来消除。正交侧弯曲振动会导致虚假扭振信号,可以通过在测量截面上对称安装两个涡流传感器并将两个传感器输出信号平均的方法来补偿。试验证实了弯曲振动的影响及补偿方法的有效性。     

数字扭振测试系统的信号处理及频谱校正

介绍了自行研制的轴系扭转振动测试系统所采用的信号处理方案。对所提取的某柴油机发电机组轴系的扭振时域信号,采用多种信号处理方法对扭振信号进行频域分析及其精度比较,确定了理想的扭振信号频率和幅值校正方法,并获得了测试对象的轴系扭振的共振转速为1200 r/min,相应的最大共振扭角为0.14°。试验结果表明,采用所确定的校正方法能得到精确的频率谱,进而确定共振临界点,使扭振的高精度快速测试与实时诊断成为可能。     

最优快速汽门控制对大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振稳定性的影响

不良的是优快速汽门控制器可能激励起轴系不稳定扭振,其中影响最大的是转速信号的控制增益。文中讨论了两种避免激励不稳定扭振的方法：滤波器法和多测点平均转速法。两种方法相比,多测点平均转速信号可以引起辆系不稳定扭振,并且对系统的低频响应没有大的影响。     

基于状态空间法的多机电力系统发电机轴系扭振研究

基于状态空间法建立多机电力系统状态方程组,求解得到发电机轴系扭振模式、阻尼、振型。针对同型发电机和不同发电机在对称运行、非对称运行方式下的扭振特性进行研究,并比较广泛应用的等值机模型计算结果,得到发电机轴系扭振的一般规律,对深入研究轴系扭振问题具有借鉴意义。     

基于小波变换的扭振测量方法

扭振对汽轮发电机组安全性的影响自20世纪70年代初就引起了汽轮机行业的密切关注。但是现今市场上扭振测试仪器大多价格昂贵、调试困难,制约了扭振测量的普及和发展,为电厂的安全运行埋下了事故隐患。本文提出了一种间接测量扭振的测试方法,即由电机的定子电流来检测轴的扭转振动,采用数字化电流测量和小波分析来实现扭振的间接测量。     

定速异步机型风电场机网扭振建模及仿真

以定速异步风电机组为例,建立包括三质量块轴系数学模型在内的风机模型,在此基础上建立了定速异步机型风电场多机小扰动仿真模型,研究该机型下同型风电场扭振模态及其相关因子,并对比不同风机数量及布局的风电场扭振模态。结果显示,风电场机组间轴系扭振模态出现双谐振尖峰现象,风机数量增加将导致扭振模态特征值实部趋于正半轴并且阻尼比降低;风电场机组间存在扭振传递作用,风电场风机数量和布局将影响系统的小干扰稳定性。     

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振保护装置RTDS测试

利用RTDS实时仿真技术,对盘南电厂装设的机组轴系扭振保护TSR装置,形成闭环测试系统,对扭振保护装置的性能进行试验研究。闭环测试系统由实时数字仿真系统、扭振保护装置,功率放大器以及实际的直流控制保护装置等组成。搭建了基于南方电网的交直流混合RTDS模型以模拟各种不同开机方式和不同的直流运行方式的系统运行方式。解决了将转速信号转换为扭振保护装置所要求的高频方波脉冲信号的问题。对扭振保护装置的功能和动态特性进行了较为全面的验证。这是国内首次将联接实际直流控制保护装置的RTDS应用于汽轮机组扭振保护装置的性能测试。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的汽轮发电机组扭振测试系统

利用虚拟仪器技术设计和构建了扭振信号采集和分析系统的框架,开发了一种能有效测量和分析扭振的汽轮发电机组扭振测试系统。采用PXI数据采集系统实现了系统的硬件,采用LabVIEW图形化编程语言编制了系统的软件。系统利用汽轮发电机组机端的转速信号,使用零相位数字滤波器直接从转速信号中提取扭振分量。从扭振分量中分离出扭振模态并分析它们的特性。系统已多次应用于电厂的实际调试,实测数据分析显示,该扭振测试系统灵活易用,能满足实际应用的需求。     

国产600MW汽轮发电机组轴系扭振特性的分析

将国产600MW汽轮发电机组视为集中参数的多质量——弹簧扭转系统并运用简单质量分析法计算出机组轴系扭振特性,得出自振频率和相应的扭振模式,为进一步分析电网扰动对轴系的影响提供了基本数据。     

电网短路故障下双馈风电机组传动链扭振响应

电网故障引起的电磁转矩波动易造成风电机组轴系扭振疲劳损耗,严重时会造成轴系故障,有必要研究不同类型电网故障下风电机组传动链扭振响应及其对关键部件的影响。首先,采用集中质量法,考虑叶片柔性建立了风电机组传动链四质量块模型,基于小信号模型,采用模态分析法对风电机组传动链扭振特性进行分析。其次,为了表征不同故障类型对风电机组传动链轴系扭振的影响,在双馈发电机电磁暂态模型的基础上,推导了电网对称与不对称故障下电磁转矩表达式。最后,基于四质量块传动链模型,仿真分析了单相、两相和三相接地电网故障对机组传动链扭振响应的影响。结果表明,不同类型电网故障会影响不同传动链扭振频率及其不同关键部件;三相接地电网故障引起的传动链扭振幅值大,齿轮箱和发电机转子间轴上传递转矩可以较全面反映扭振响应频率;与传动链其他部件相比,发电机转子受到电网故障影响更大。     

国产600MW汽轮机组轴系扭振设计专题的研究

根据国内对大机组轴系扭振的研究近况,对轴系扭振过程中的随机性、快关汽门与轴系扭力矩的相对关系进行了计算分析和定性研究,并首次在大机组轴系研究领域中提出电力系统动态行为过程中“机电一体化”的新概念。     

Adaptive robust boundary control of coupled bending‐torsional vibration of beams with only one axis of symmetry

In control design for vibration of beams in literature, the beam section is considered to have two axes of symmetry so that the bending and torsional vibrations are uncoupled; thus, the bending vibration is controlled independently without twisting the beam. However, if the cross section of a beam has only one axis of symmetry, the bending and torsional vibrations become coupled and the beam will undergo twisting in addition to bending. This paper addresses Lyapunov‐based boundary control of coupled bending‐torsional vibration of beams with only one axis of symmetry. The control strategy is based on applying a transverse force and a torque at the free end of the beam. The control design is directly based on the system partial differential equations (PDEs) so that spillover instabilities that are a result of model truncation are avoided. Three cases are investigated. Firstly, it is shown that when exogenous disturbances do not affect the beam, a linear boundary control law can exponentially stabilize the coupled bending‐torsional vibration. Secondly, a nonlinear robust boundary control is established that exponentially stabilizes the beam in the presence of boundary and spatially distributed disturbances. Thirdly, to rule out the need for prior knowledge of disturbances upper‐bound, the proposed robust control is redesigned to achieve an adaptive robust control that stabilizes the beam in the presence of disturbances with unknown upper‐bound. The efficacy of the proposed controls is illustrated by simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双馈风电机组轴系扭振理论与扭振控制技术研究进展

针对日趋大型化、复杂化的双馈风电机组,机组轴系的动力学研究与扭振控制技术对其降低振动和噪声、延长机组的使用寿命和提高轴系可靠度有重要意义.首先,综述了机组轴系的建模方法等相关领域的研究进展;然后简述了风电机组轴系扭振控制方法与最新技术相关研究领域的研究进展.通过归纳文献资料,对扭振理论和扭振控制技术的研究难点进行了简要...     

A Microprocessor-Based Motor Speed Regulator Using Fast-Response State Observer for Reduction of Torsional Vibration

A new state observer, which is suitable for microprocessor-based motor drives, and its application to suppression control of shaft torsional vibration are described. A distinct feature of the state observer is that a fast-response load torque estimation is obtained by processing the detected motor current and the encoder output pulses by a hardware circuit for each encoder pulse generation. Suppression control of the shaft torsional vibration is achieved by calculating a compensation signal from the estimated load torque with the microprocessor software. A microprocessor-based speed regulator for dc motor drives, which utilizes the state observer and suppression control of the shaft torsional vibration, was developed for evaluation purposes and tested with a 15-kW dc motor. The load torque of the motor can be estimated accurately, even with a 15-Hz vibration frequency, and the torsional vibration can be eliminated with the proposed suppression control.     

Results from Investigations of Torsional Vibration in Turbine Set Shaft Systems

The article generalizes the results obtained from investigations of torsional vibration in the shaft system of the T-175/210-12.8 turbine set installed at the Omsk CHPP-5 combined heat and power plant. Three different experimental methods were used to determine the lowest natural frequencies of torsional vibration excited in the shaft system when the barring gear is switched into operation, when the generator is synchronized with the grid, and in response to unsteady disturbances caused by the grid and by the turbine control and steam admission system. It is pointed out that the experimental values of the lowest natural frequencies (to the fourth one inclusively) determined using three different methods were found to be almost completely identical with one another, even though the shaft system was stopped in the experiments carried out according to one method and the shaft system rotated at the nominal speed in those carried out according to two other methods. The need to further develop the experimental methods for determining the highest natural frequencies is substantiated. The values of decrements for the first, third, and fourth natural torsional vibration modes are obtained. A conclusion is drawn from a comparison between the calculated and experimental data on the shaft system’s static twisting about the need to improve the mathematical models for calculating torsional vibration. The measurement procedure is described, and the specific features pertinent to the way in which torsional vibration manifests itself as a function of time and turbine set operating mode under the conditions of its long-term operation are considered. The fundamental measurement errors are analyzed, and their influence on the validity of measured parameters is evaluated. With an insignificant level of free and forced torsional vibrations set up under the normal conditions of turbine set and grid operation, it becomes possible to exclude this phenomenon from the list of main factors influencing the crack formation processes in low-pressure rotors. The importance of experimentally confirming the fact that the shaft system has been detuned from resonances at the 50 and 100 Hz excitation frequencies is pointed out.     

非同期并列时机组轴系扭振的时频分析

三维有限元模型能较好地描述轴系的复杂结构,精确地反映倒角、凹槽等应力集中截面的扭应力情况。以某660 MW汽轮发电机组轴系为研究对象,介绍了应用ANSYS软件求解轴系扭振响应的过程,分析了机组非同期并列时的轴系扭振特性。分析表明：非同期并列时,各截面扭应力幅值迅速达到最大值,之后逐渐振荡衰减,故障对低发间转子危害较大;扭应力主要包括前两阶扭振固有频率和少量的工频成分,不同截面处各模态分量所占比例不同;120°和180° 2种非同期并列情况时的扭振响应特性基本相似,前者的扭应力响应大于后者。研究结果有助于提高机组安全管理水平。     

基于电气阻尼-刚度控制的双馈风电机组轴系扭振抑制策略

针对现有扭振控制中,难以平衡抑振效果和响应速度的关系,以及高、低速轴的阻尼比变化速率不同导致整体阻尼比难以调节的问题,提出了一种双馈风电机组轴系扭振抑制策略。首先推导了机械扭转角与电磁转矩的传递函数,通过引入等效阻尼和刚度分析了高低速轴机电耦合阻尼比的差异。其次对电气刚度抑制轴系扭振的机理进行分析,根据阻尼和刚度的协调作用,提出基于电气阻尼-刚度控制的轴系扭振抑制策略,得到电气阻尼-刚度控制下的轴系阻尼比变化趋势。最后在搭建FAST-MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真双馈风电机组模块的基础上,引入湍流风与电网暂降激励,对所提策略的抑振效果进行仿真验证。结果表明,相较于传统的阻尼控制,所提策略能够充分发挥传动链的机电强耦合作用,在保证响应速度的同时具有更好的抑振能力。     

基于双CPU的高精度电能质量监测仪

介绍了以TMS320LF2407芯片和MCU51为核心的电能质量监测仪的研制,特别介绍了自带多路开关和采样保持器的高速14 bit ADC:MAX125芯片.结合硬件电路和DSP芯片的特点介绍了该监测仪的优点.