植物靛蓝轧染和浸染工艺的研究

通过探讨NaCl浓度、浸渍时间、氧化时间、浸轧次数、染色时间和温度等染色工艺因素对织物染色性能的影响,研究了植物靛蓝在纯棉针织物上的轧染工艺和浸染工艺,得出最优工艺,测试并比较了两种优化工艺的得色深度和染色牢度。结果表明,最佳轧染工艺为:14浸14轧,NaCl浓度120 g/L,浸渍时间25 s,氧化时间2 min。最佳浸染工艺:NaCl浓度100 g/L,染色时间110 min,染色温度35℃。在染色深度相近的情况下,棉针织物采用植物靛蓝轧染工艺染色的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度比浸染工艺高半级至1级。     

植物靛蓝轧染和浸染工艺的研究

通过探讨NaCl浓度、浸渍时间、氧化时间、浸轧次数、染色时间和温度等染色工艺因素对织物染色性能的影响,研究了植物靛蓝在纯棉针织物上的轧染工艺和浸染工艺,得出最优工艺,测试并比较了两种优化工艺的得色深度和染色牢度。结果表明,最佳轧染工艺为:14浸14轧,NaCl浓度120 g/L,浸渍时间25 s,氧化时间2 min。最佳浸染工艺:NaCl浓度100 g/L,染色时间110 min,染色温度35℃。在染色深度相近的情况下,棉针织物采用植物靛蓝轧染工艺染色的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度比浸染工艺高半级至1级。     

葡萄糖还原植物靛蓝的机理及染色方法

研究葡萄糖替代保险粉作为植物靛蓝还原剂的还原机理,应用红外光谱分析仪测定葡萄糖在不同还原体系中分子结构的变化,并试验优化葡萄糖还原工艺及染色工艺.结果表明,当葡萄糖与烧碱的配比为2∶1～3∶1时,有大量羧基形成.优化的还原工艺为:植物靛蓝与葡萄糖、烧碱的配比为1∶6∶2,还原温度为50℃,还原时间15～20 min.优化的染色方法为:40℃染色100 min,NaCl 100 g/L,一次染色后在残液中续染1次,续染时间为50 min,可得到较高的得色深度.     

超细靛蓝染料的制备及其轧染性能

研究了超细靛蓝染料的制备工艺及其对棉织物的轧染性能.通过讨论分散剂结构和用量、染料质量分数和分散时间对靛蓝染料粒径的影响,结果表明,超细靛蓝染料较佳的制备工艺为染料质量分数为5%,分散剂FPE质量分数则为染料的30%,超声功率800 W,超声波处理70 min.采用制备的超细靛蓝染料对棉织物轧染,其优化的轧染工艺为染液质量分数1%,轧余率70%,浸轧3次,保险粉质量分数3.4%.与常规靛蓝染料相比,超细靛蓝染料染色织物的耐水洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均有所提高.     

棉织物的植物靛蓝染料-葡萄糖染色

以葡萄糖作植物靛蓝染料的还原剂,对棉织物进行染色.通过单因素分析和正交试验法优化干缸还原工艺和染色工艺.结果表明,当植物靛蓝用量为10%(omf),干缸还原浴比为1:50时,优化的植物靛蓝葡萄糖还原工艺为葡萄糖30 g/L,烧碱10g/L,还原温度50℃,还原时间20 min;染色浴比为1:20时,优化的染色工艺为氯化钠用量100 s/L,染色温度40℃,染色时间100 min.在相同条件下,以葡萄糖作为植物靛蓝染料的还原剂,染色棉织物的色牢度与传统保险粉工艺接近,K/S值略高,且染色废水的COD<,Cr>值较小.     

棉纤维靛蓝染料/液蜡体系染色工艺

针对靛蓝染料上染率低,染色时须多次浸轧的问题,采用液体石蜡作为棉纤维靛蓝染料染色介质,研究了高浓度靛蓝染料的还原工艺及棉纤维在靛蓝染料/液蜡体系中的浸染新工艺。结果表明,高质量浓度隐色体制备的最佳条件为:靛蓝染料30 g/L,NaOH 50 g/L,保险粉160 g/L,还原温度60℃,还原时间20 min。棉纤维在液蜡介质中的最佳浸染工艺条件为:棉纤维带液率80%,m(棉)∶m(隐色体)=1∶2,染色温度60℃,染色时间50 min,m(液蜡)∶m(棉)=50∶1。在最佳工艺条件下,一次染色棉纤维的K/S值可达到24.75。     

棉纤维靛蓝染料/液蜡体系染色工艺

为了解决靛蓝染料上染率低、染色需多次浸轧的问题,采用液体石蜡作为棉纤维靛蓝染料染色介质,研究高质量浓度靛蓝染料的还原工艺及棉纤维在靛蓝染料/液蜡体系中的浸染新工艺。研究结果表明,高质量浓度隐色体制备的最佳条件为:靛蓝染料30 g/L,NaOH 50 g/L,保险粉160 g/L,还原温度60℃,还原时间20 min;棉纤维在液蜡介质中的最佳浸染工艺条件为:棉纤维带液率80%,m(棉纤维)∶m(隐色体)=1∶2,染色温度60℃,染色时间50 min,m(棉纤维)∶m(液蜡)=1∶50。在最佳工艺条件下,一次染色棉纤维K/S值可达到24.75。     

植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的还原性比较

为了比较植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料的性能差异,选择还原温度、氢氧化钠或碳酸钠用量、还原时间及保险粉用量等因素,在多水平条件下进行靛蓝染料还原实验。结果表明:植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料在还原条件上有很大差异,合成靛蓝染料需要在高温、强碱、高浓度、强还原剂条件下还原,在还原温度≥80℃、烧碱质量浓度5～8 g/L、保险粉质量浓度≥20 g/L条件下染液的还原效果较优;植物靛蓝染料仅需要在低温、弱碱、较低质量浓度还原剂的条件下还原,即40℃、纯碱质量浓度11 g/L、保险粉质量浓度16 g/L。二者在还原条件上的差异是区分植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的手段之一。     

环保型还原灰5601的染色工艺

还原灰5601采用全新的合成工艺,其生产污染低.通过对其染色工艺中烧碱和保险粉用量、浸染染色温度和时间,及轧染汽蒸工艺条件的试验,确定了优化的浸染和轧染的染色工艺参数:浸染时,30％烧碱5.6g/L,85％保险粉7.5 g/L,染色温度60℃,时间45 min;轧染时,100％烧碱30 g/L,85％保险粉30g/L,汽蒸温度105℃,时间2 min.将其与还原灰BG、还原灰M及还原直接黑RB比较,还原灰5601的各项染色牢度更佳.     

新型环保牛仔浆染纱靛蓝染色

分析了牛仔布纱线靛蓝浸轧染色中,复合还原剂和保险粉的稳定性,探讨了还原剂、烧碱和靛蓝用量、添加还原剂的温度、母液稀释比例、搅拌速率和搅拌时间对染色深度的影响。优化后的染色工艺为:复合还原剂3 g/L、烧碱3 g/L、靛蓝2 g/L、还原剂添加温度为45℃、母液稀释比例为1∶20,按此工艺加工牛仔纱线的得色最深。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press