上游弯管对超声波流量计精度影响及整流设计

针对上游弯管流场变化对超声波流量计测量精度的影响,利用CFD对测量管道内部流场进行数值仿真模拟,并设计整流器改善由弯管导致的明显的二次流和涡流等情况,以减小超声波流量计测量误差。研究对象为基于时差法的DN15超声波液体流量计,流量范围在0.1～1.5 m~3/h内,上游弯管与流量计之间测试直管段距离为2～20D。对比超声波流量计加装整流器前后测量误差,通过实验结果验证,未整流时流量计随着直管段越短测量误差越大,安装的整流器可以改善管道内流场的速度分布,将直管段长度缩短为10D,提升超声波流量计测量误差满足在±1.5%以内,验证了数值模拟的正确性,对工程实际应用具有一定指导意义。     

多声道超声流量计在弯管段安装的适应性研究

针对在不具备直管段安装条件时,如何合理地选取多声道超声流量计的声道数量、测量断面及安装角度,本文从数学建模、误差分析、数值计算仿真与试验分析等方面,对DN400多声道超声流量计在弯管中的适应性进行了综合研究.利用高斯-雅克比数值积分法,给出了试验数据处理与数值仿真的数学模型,并分析了模型误差及横流的影响,提出利用双断面测量可减小横流的影响,并在数值仿真和试验中得到了验证.通过对声道数量、测量断面、安装角度进行数值仿真和试验表明,安装角度对低流速测量影响显著,最佳安装角应为0°;高流速测量应选用双断面,可根据测量精度的要求选用8声道或18声道.仿真结果与试验结果得到了很好的吻合,为进一步指导试验奠定了理论基础.     

上游双弯头对内锥流量计性能的影响

为提高对内锥流量计安装与使用条件的认识,开展了上游连续两个90°在同一平面成S型结构和互成垂直平面上弯头的数值仿真与实流实验研究.研制了实验样机一套,β值分别为0.45/0.65/0.85.利用平均流出系数相对误差及附加不确定度作为安装条件影响的主要评价标准,研究结果表明:对于β值分别为0.45/0.65/0.85的内锥流量计,在互成垂直面双弯头安装条件下所需最短直管段长度均为1D;在同平面S型双弯头安装条件下所需最短直管段长度分别为1D/1D/2D.     

上游单弯头对内锥流量计性能影响的仿真与实验研究

旨在获取上游安装单个90°弯头条件时内锥流量计所需要的最短直管段长度.将计算流体动力学数值仿真和实流实验有机结合,通过数值仿真揭示速度场与压力的分布信息,预测上游弯头及直管段长度对内锥流量计流出系数的影响规律,并结合实流实验进行验证.仿真和实验的介质均为常温水,雷诺数范围分别为0.498×105～4.98×105和0.14×105～5.1 × 105.实验包含基线实验与弯头实验两种类型,以基线实验为基准,其中节流比分别为0.45/0.65/0.85,利用平均流出系数相对误差及附加不确定度作为安装条件影响的主要评价标准,给出上游单个90°弯头的直管段长度,并与国外研究结论进行了比较.     

单弯管下游超声流量计的安装和测量性能研究

对大管径多声道超声流量计在单弯管下游流场中的安装和测量性能进行了数值仿真研究,分析了超声流量计在0.1 m、1 m和10 m口径下不同流速、声道数、旋转角以及前直管段长度时测量误差的变化规律。仿真结果表明,交叉声道布置形式对弯管产生的二次流所引入的横向测量误差有很好地抑制作用;对于大口径弯管下游流量测量,采用交叉4声道且将超声流量计安装在弯管下游5D位置可以获得1%的精度,且随着声道数的增多测量误差有减小的趋势;相同雷诺数时的测量误差基本相同。研究结果可为大管径多声道超声流量计的实际安装和使用提供一定的参考。     

圆管带式输送机直线段托辊间距的确定

在圆管带式输送机中托辊成本约占整机成本的30％,因此合理确定托辊问距十分必要。分析了影响圆管带式输送机直线段托辊间距的因素并给出了合理的确定方法。     

Study on the effect of vertex angle and upstream swirl on the performance characteristics of cone flowmeter using CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a revolutionary tool for optimizing the design of any flowmeter for given conditions. The flow features obtained with CFD are more extensive compared to experiments. In the present study, CFD code ‘FLUENT” after validation has been used to investigate the effect of cone vertex angle and upstream swirl on the performance of cone flowmeter. The values of discharge coefficient ($C_d$) evaluated for different vertex angles shows that the value of discharge coefficient is independent of Reynolds number and its value decreases with increase in vertex angle. In the presence of upstream disturbance in the form of swirl, the value of discharge coefficient is also independent of Reynolds number and its value is only marginally affected by the magnitude of swirl. The flow in a longitudinal plane shows the presence of a pair of contra-rotating vortices in the recirculation region just downstream of the cone. The velocity profile downstream becomes stable after a distance of about 5D.     

Influence of blockage and upstream disturbances on the performance of a vortex flowmeter with a trapezoidal bluff body

Experimental investigations are conducted on vortex flowmeter with the differential wall pressure measurement method. The bluff body employed is trapezoidal in shape and water is used as the working fluid. Three different blockages (0.14, 0.24 and 0.3) are considered in this study. The performance of the vortex flowmeter is studied both under fully developed condition and in the presence of flow disturbances. The flow disturbance is created using 45° swirl generator and gate valve placed at different upstream distances. The performance of the flowmeter is also evaluated in the presence of a Laws Vanes flow conditioner placed downstream of the swirl generator. The blockage ratio of 0.3 is found to be the best among all the blockages studied under both disturbed and undisturbed conditions.