兰纳素CE深色相的染色工艺优化

采用活性染料兰纳素CE的黑色和藏青色两种色相对羊毛纤维染深色.以上染率和K/S值为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化出最佳甲酸用量和pH;优化碱固色pH以确定最佳固色条件.结果表明,两种颜色染料的最佳染色工艺均为:甲酸1％,温度94℃,染浴pH 4.5,固色pH 8.5.     

莫代尔/牛奶纤维混纺针织物的活性染色

采用双活性基活性染料对莫代尔/牛奶纤维混纺针织物染色.通过测试染料的上染率、固色率、K/S值、强力和色牢度,探讨染料类型、染色工艺、染料用量对染色的影响;并优化了Cibacron FN型染料的染色工艺条件:Na2SO440 g/L,Na2CO312 g/L,固色温度65℃.     

弱酸性染料一浴法染色-固色工艺研究

采用弱酸性染料染锦纶,对一浴一步法和一浴两步法染色-固色这两种工艺进行了探讨,测试并分析了温度、固色剂种类、固色剂用量、pH值对染色性能的影响。结果表明,弱酸性染料染锦纶可以实现染色-固色同浴,减少了水和蒸汽的用量,缩短了染色时间,降低了染色成本;一浴一步法染色-固色工艺所得染色织物色牢度不及一浴两步法染色-固色工艺,而且工艺条件控制不好容易造成面料的固色斑;一浴两步法染色-固色工艺是可行的。     

海藻酸纤维活性染料染色工艺研究

采用科莱恩Drimarene K型活性染料对海藻酸纤维进行染色,研究了染料用量、染液pH、固色温度、固色时间等因素对染色效果的影响,用UV紫外-可见光分光光度计在最大吸收波长处测定染色前后染液的吸光度,计算上染率,测试纤维染色前后断裂强度,结果表明:Drimarene Red K-4BL型染料上染率高于Drimarene Yellow K-2R型染料。两只染料的最佳染色工艺:染料用量1%(omf),CaCl2用量1.0 g/L,固色温度70℃,固色时间40 min,染液pH=7。     

蚕蛹蛋白纤维染色性能的研究

由粘胶和蚕蛹蛋白混纺而成的蚕蛹蛋白纤维，采用双活性基活性染料染色，对染色工艺条件作了重点试验。结果表明，pH值和温度是最大的影响因素，该纤维适宜低温、pH值近中性条件下上染和碱性条件下固色。     

毛用活性染料羊毛低温染色工艺的研究

文章讨论了羊毛纤维在低温条件下(85～ 95℃),用α-溴代丙烯酰胺型毛用活性Lanasol染料染色应用的性能,主要研究了助剂、pH值、固色时间对低温染色工艺中染料上染百分率的影响.实验结果表明:Lanasol活性染料本身在常规染色中工艺简单,上染百分率较好,在低温染色实验中,经过改变助剂等参数并优化工艺后,使羊毛纤维上染百分率和固色率均有一定程度的提高;同时,由于使用的染色温度较低,羊毛纤维在染色后单纤断裂强力也得到改善;而且,通过助剂的优化,染色后纤维的牢度也得到提升.     

B型活性染料用于小麦蛋白纤维针织物的染色

选用活性红B-2BF、活性黄B-4RFN、活性深蓝B-2GLN三原色染料对小麦蛋白纤维针织物进行染色,测试并分析了固色温度、元明粉用量、固色剂种类、pH值等因素对染色后织物皂洗牢度以及固色率的影响。结果表明,B型活性染料在小麦蛋白纤维针织物上的最佳染色工艺为:元明粉用量40 g/L,固色剂为碳酸钠,染浴pH值为9左右,染色温度40℃,染色时间为40 min,固色温度65℃,固色时间为60 min。     

细菌纤维素纤维的活性染料染色

区别于植物来源的纤维素,细菌纤维素是小分子碳水化合物经微生物发酵形成的纤维素.采用活性染料对细菌纤维素纤维进行染色,得到染色优化工艺为:染料质量分数2%(omf),氯化钠质量浓度60g/L,pH值10,60℃固色30 min.该纤维的上染率和固色率较高,皂洗牢度较好,纤维的力学性能损伤较小.     

低温活性染料染色工艺实践

以低温L型活性染料为例,介绍了活性染料低温染色工艺。实践表明,在达到相同染色深度和染色牢度的条件下．此工艺可节省染料用量约40％左右：采用复合碱（纯碱与片碱）进行固色,在固色温度40℃、固色时间60min和固色pH值11．7～12．2条件下,可得到最佳的上染率;且固色时染料上染率增加较为平缓利于匀染：成本分析显示,低温活性染料染色工艺相比常规中温活性染料染色工艺可节省总成本约859元／t左右。产能提高约10％左右;但此工艺也存在一些缺点,如中浅色质量不好控制、当单只染料用量〉6％时水洗牢度较难保证等。     

毛用活性染料染色中缓释剂的作用

讨论了毛用活性染料在羊毛的染色过程中 ,可变pH值染浴对染料上染率与固色率的影响。应用硫酸铵使染浴的起染pH值稍低于 7,能得到较好的染色均匀性。随着染浴温度的升高 ,硫酸铵分解生成硫酸和易挥发的氨气 ,而使染浴的pH值逐渐下降 ,染料与纤维在这种条件下缓慢反应形成共价键 ,从而取得较高的上染率和固色率。通过本方法 ,所得染品均匀好 ,固色率高 ,各项染色牢度合格 ,减少环境污染。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the