固溶时效处理对挤压态6082铝合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用拉伸试验机、光学显微镜和透射电镜等方法研究了固溶和时效处理工艺对挤压态6082铝合金力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,经530 ℃固溶处理的试样强度高于550 ℃固溶处理的试样,经不同固溶温度处理后合金表现出不同的力学性能各向异性行为,而经时效处理后合金的屈服强度显著提升。550 ℃固溶处理的合金,晶粒明显长大。经时效处理后的试验合金中分布着大量的针状析出相,能有效阻碍位错的运动,提升材料的强度。经不同固溶+时效处理后的挤压态试验合金拉伸断口处均发现大量的韧窝,表现出韧性断裂的特征。     

热处理对喷射成形超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的影响

研究了2种不同热处理方式对喷射成形超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响.观察了沉积态、挤压态、固溶及时效处理后样品的显微组织,对经时效处理的样品进行了力学性能测试.结果表明:沉积态合金晶粒均匀细小;挤压态合金存在大量的第二相颗粒,为富铜相;固溶处理后,合金出现了再结晶现象.在T6条件下,采用常规470℃单级固溶和时效处理,其抗拉强度仅为710 MPa,延伸率为6.5%;采用双级固溶和时效处理,其抗拉强度超过800MPa,延伸率达到9.3%.     

热处理对稀土镁合金力学性能的影响

通过对铸态、固溶态以及固溶加峰时效态的合金的力学性能进行测试表征,研究热处理工艺对合金力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,铸态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为152MPa和213MPa,延伸率为4.6%;固溶处理后屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高到173MPa和249MPa,延伸率为11.2%;峰时效处理后合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度出现较大提高,分别为324MPa和345MPa,延伸率却下降到3.9%。在固溶处理后的合金延伸率最高,具有良好的塑性加工能力。     

等径角挤压制备CuCrZr合金的抗软化性能

研究了CuCrZr合金等径角挤压(ECAP)后的微观组织演变及软化温度.结果表明,固溶态CuCrZr合金经路线B_c(每挤一道次后试样沿同一方向旋转90°)等径角挤压10道次后组织细化至亚微米级,超细晶晶粒较为等轴、均匀.等径角挤压10道次后合金的软化温度约为530℃,但550℃时,合金的硬度仍高达161HV,这说明ECAP后合金的抗软化能力并没有降低.因为ECAP促进了时效时析出相的析出,使得析出相更为弥散、细小,从而提高了合金的力学性能.     

挤压态6061铝合金的力学性能及显微组织

对挤压态6061铝合金分别进行了固溶处理和时效处理,采用万能试验机测试了其力学性能,通过SEM和TEM表征了合金的微观组织,研究了不同热处理条件下挤压态6061铝合金的组织演变规律。结果表明:固溶和时效处理后的挤压态6061铝合金均表现出明显的力学性能各向异性,且时效处理能有效提升合金的强度;同时,经时效处理后的挤压态6061铝合金表现出应变速率敏感性,而固溶处理的挤压态6061铝合金则无明显的应变速率敏感性;固溶处理和时效处理的挤压态6061铝合金的晶粒形态为等轴晶,但是有大小两种晶粒尺寸等级,大晶粒尺寸可达200 μm,小晶粒尺寸则小于10 μm。固溶和时效处理的挤压态6061铝合金均由较强的{001}<100>立方织构和较弱的{011}<100>高斯织构组成,且种类和强度相同;拉伸变形后的6061铝合金出现了大量的位错堆积,而经时效处理的合金中均匀分布短棒状的析出相能有效阻碍位错的运动,提高材料的变形抗力。     

热处理对选区激光熔化成形M2052合金组织性能的影响

目的综合提升选区激光熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)成形M2052锰铜合金的力学性能。方法利用SLM技术成形M2052锰铜合金,并通过固溶、时效及固溶+时效等热处理方法对其成形态组织进行调控。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对合金的显微组织、晶粒形貌、拉伸断口形貌及物相组成进行分析,并通过拉伸性能、冲击性能测试,分别评价SLM成形及热处理后的屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率和冲击韧性。结果 SLM成形的M2052合金经过固溶处理后,形成了典型的类孪晶结构;时效处理后的组织和SLM成形态类似,形成了细微的亚孪晶组织;固溶+时效处理后,类孪晶组织粗大。四种状态的显微组织均由单相γ固溶体组成,时效态和固溶+时效态析出了α-Mn相,但时效态析出含量较多。SLM成形态具有较高的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σp0.2(636 MPa和548 MPa),时效处理能提高合金的σb和σp0.2(707MPa和570MPa),但是冲击韧性和延伸率(5.5J和8.5%)较差;而固溶处理能显著提高合金的冲击韧性和延伸率(23.5 J和22.25%)。综合比较,固溶+时效态试样具有最好的力学性能(冲击韧性为17 J,延伸率为10.8%,σb为503 MPa和σp0.2为322.5 MPa)。断口分析表明,四种状态下均为韧性断裂。结论固溶+时效热处理可以在存在单相γ固溶体条件下析出少量的α-Mn相,综合提升锰铜合金的力学性能。     

ECAP挤压对5083铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了5083铝合金等通道转角挤压(ECAP)的室温拉伸性能.结果表明:5083铝合金经100℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,晶粒明显细化且第二相均匀弥散分布,合金的强度提高至480MPa;200℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,合金强度有所下降(约380MPa),但塑性显著改善(伸长率16％以上);降低ECAP挤压温度、增加挤压道次可获得更高的挤压硬化和细晶强化效果,在100℃ECAP挤压和200℃退火同样可提高该合金的抗拉强度和塑性变形能力.     

挤压铸造A356.2铝合金发动机悬置支架的组织与性能

以挤压铸造A356.2铝合金发动机悬置支架为研究对象,对支架铸态组织、不同固溶时效热处理后的显微组织与力学性能,以及内部缺陷进行了分析研究。结果表明,挤压铸造A356.2铝合金铸态组织由α-Al相和Al-Si共晶组成,晶粒尺寸约为148μm,二次枝晶间距约为20μm;经固溶时效处理后,共晶Si一部分溶入α-Al相中,一部分以粒状、球状形式分布在α-Al晶界;固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对A356.2合金的力学性能有一定影响。试样经过535℃×6h固溶+8min水淬+170℃×6h时效处理后,抗拉强度为340.5MPa,屈服强度为274.5MPa,伸长率为10%,满足支架整体力学性能要求。     

喷射沉积Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的组织及力学性能研究

利用喷射成形技术制备了高Zn含量的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金,合金经挤压后,对其进行固溶时效处理并进行力学性能测试,合金的抗拉强度为849 MPa,屈服强度为796 MPa,延伸率为3.3%;利用TEM、SEM对拉断后的试样进行显微组织结构与断口形貌的观察和分析发现合金组织为细小的等轴晶,大小为2～3 μm,沉淀析出相为GP(Ⅱ)区及少量的η'相、η相;Zn元素的偏聚析出,引起明显的晶格畸变;断口形貌主要为沿晶断裂.     

大塑性变形6013铝合金的时效特性与力学性能

利用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和拉伸试验,研究不同温度等通道转角挤压（ECAP）和常规静态时效处理后6013 Al-Mg-Si铝合金的微观结构、时效行为、析出动力学以及力学性能。XRD测得的ECAP变形后合金的平均晶粒尺寸在66-112 nm范围内,平均位错密度在1.20×10^14-1.70×10^14 m^-2范围内。DSC分析表明,由于ECAP后试样比常规时效处理试样拥有更细小的晶粒和更高的位错密度,因此,ECAP变形后合金的析出动力学更快。与未变形合金相比,ECAP后试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度都得到了显著提高。室温ECAP后试样的强度达到最大,其屈服强度是静态峰时效屈服强度的1.6倍。细晶强化、位错强化以及由于ECAP过程中的动态析出而产生的析出相强化,是ECAP合金获得高强度的几种主要强化机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.