发用定型产品及其成膜聚合物

一、前言 发用定型产品已有40多年的历史,主要的产品有定型液、喷发胶、定型喱、定型乳胶和定型摩丝等。定型制品喷洒或涂沫到头发上时,经溶剂蒸发干燥而在头发上形成一层透明的薄膜,使头发纤维变硬而达到保持形状的目的。定型制品的基质配方包括溶剂、中和剂、推进剂、调理剂、发泡稳泡剂及成膜聚合物。     

新型两性定型聚合物的合成和应用研究

利用乙烯基吡咯烷酮和丙烯酸酯为原料,在水-醇混合溶剂体系中,进行了溶液聚合和氧化反应,合成了用于头发定型产品的两性聚合物。并将合成的聚合物用于头发定型产品啫喱水中,对其与头发的亲和性、定型力和稳定性进行了测试,并与市售产品比较。结果表明,实验合成的两性树脂用于头发定型产品,与头发的亲和性好,形成均一光滑涂层;具有良好的定型效果,定型自然而持久;产品水溶性好,储存稳定性好。     

重点导读

原文节录:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)是一种水溶性高分子化合物,具有优良的水溶性、成膜性、生物相溶性、高分子表面活性等性能,在医药卫生、生物医学工程、化妆品、食品等领域有广泛的应用。PVP及其单体具有水溶性,交联的PVP水凝胶或者其共聚物(共混物)不溶解于水,但能够吸收水分,成为水凝胶。一般情况下,把交联PVP水凝胶、交联PVP共聚物水凝胶以及PVP与其他聚合物共混交联所得到的水凝胶,统称为PVP水凝胶。PVP水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,在医药卫生以及生物医学工程材料领域有重要的用途。     

聚氯乙烯同其他聚合物的相溶性——Ⅱ.聚氯乙烯与耐火聚合物的相溶性

导言 在前篇文章中适用于聚合物溶液和固体掺合物的各种方法,已被用于研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)同聚丙烯腈,以及它的几个共聚物之间的相溶性,以便改善PVC的某些特性。 本文研讨FVC同含磷、氯、硫原子的耐火芳烃聚合物(Fr)之间的相溶性的结果。 两种聚合物之间的相溶性,系采用了粘度测定法,从公共溶剂中进行相分离的     

液态聚萜烯树脂

聚萜烯树脂是松节油的二次加工产品,它具有较大范围的软化温度(从10°到150℃)、无毒、色泽浅、耐寒、耐光、耐热、化学稳定性和与溶剂(汽油、苯、甲苯等)相溶性好,粘结力强和内聚力高等优点,而被广泛地应用于热熔胶和压敏胶中。聚萜烯树脂在国外已基本定型和有一定规模的生产能力,年产量约四万吨。在国内也已有     

乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)

正一、项目简介聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)是一系列性能优异的高分子精细化工产品。PVP是化妆品的保湿剂和解毒剂,可有效地解除化妆品对皮肤的刺激,并有助于皮肤的柔软和润滑。对于头发类化妆品,PVP具有定型、护发、增加头发光泽和光滑性等作用,是定型发乳、摩丝和喷发胶不可缺少的原料。在医药中作为粘合赋形剂、增稠剂、增溶剂、分散剂、稳定剂和成膜剂,被国际上认为是最重要的药用合成新辅料之一。     

以国产水解明胶为原料的定型发膏的研制

近几年来凝胶作为护发制品在市场上的增长速度是较快的。虽然我国化妆品市场上喷发胶的覆盖面远大于定型发音，但前者主要以乙醇为溶剂，火车、飞机、轮船均禁止随身携带，给外出旅游、出差带来诸多不便，因此开发以水为主要溶剂的凝胶状定型发青，对于加工、包装、运输、使用等具有更大的优越性。本研究项目是以国产水解明胶为原料来制备优质的定型发膏。一、定型发育配方设计通常一个完整的定型发膏配方应包括以下组份：定发聚合物、增稠剂、中和用碱、非离子表面活性剂、香精、防腐剂、紫外线吸收剂、螫合剂、无离子水及乙醇等。1·定发…     

三元共聚物的制备及其在定发胶中的应用

以N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、叔碳酸乙烯酯(VeoVa10)、乙酸乙烯酯(VA)为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发下合成了一种定发胶——NVP/VA/VeoVa10三元共聚物(NVV)。采用ATR-FTIR、13CNMR对NVV进行了表征,分析了NVP用量对树脂性能的影响,对NVV聚合物用于定发胶时的卷曲保持率和梳理性能进行了测试。结果表明:n(NVP)∶n(VA)∶n(VeoVa10)为2∶1∶1时,与聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)相比,NVV聚合物的定型性能提高了50%,梳理力降低了约150%,所制定型树脂用作定型剂定型自然而持久,与头发的亲和性好,不易被水气润湿,能在头发上形成均匀光滑涂层,适合用做头发定型产品。     

聚合物／聚硅氧烷胶囊：有益于护肤和护发,成膜性及释放性好的聚合物

聚合物／聚硅氧烷胶囊──有益于护肤和护发、成膜性及释放性好的聚合物国际特品公司提供Ｄｒ．ＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＬ．Ｋｏｐｏｌｏｗ０前言硅油即聚二甲基硅氧烷，它被用于各种化妆品中，赋予头发浓密、调理性好、易于定型及光泽等性能，赋予皮肤湿润、舒展、光滑和柔软性。...     

相溶性概念在聚合物中的应用

对有用的共混物而言,相溶性这个词是指聚合物的共混物制品在予期的使用期内, 其组分始终不析出或者不分层。聚合物一般不相溶,这就使制取聚合物的混合物受到限制。但只要加入适当的相溶剂后就可以相溶共混。这种相溶共混物具有其中任何组分都没有的独特性能。相溶剂是一些嵌段或接枝共聚物,它们     

Evaluation of surfactant-aided degumming of vegetable oils by membrane technology

The first step in the process of vegetable oil refining is degumming, in which phospholipids and mucilaginous gums are removed that otherwise result in a low-grade oil. A membrane process is remarkably simple yet potentially offers many advantages in degumming. Studies were conducted on surfactant-aided membrane degumming with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically stirred flat membrane batch cell with different types of microfiltration membranes. The reduction of phospholipids in soybean oil was in the range of 85.8–92.8% during the membrane process. The phosphorus content of membrane permeates of soybean oil was in the range of 20–58 mg/kg. Crude rapeseed oil contained higher amount of nonhydratable phospholipids and hence resulted in lower reduction in phospholipids, in the range of 66.4–83.2%. Addition of hydratable phospholipids could improve the efficiency of degumming in the membrane process without using any electrolyte, resulting in improvement of quality as well as quantity of the phospholipids.     

Physiological effects of alarm chemosignal emitted during the forced swim test

Two experiments were conducted. In the first, male rats were immersed for 25 min in fresh water or water previously swum in by another rat. Control rats were not immersed in water. Rats tested in water previously swum in by another rat were significantly less immobile than rats tested in fresh water. Water immersion resulted in significant increases in serum corticosterone, glucose, and phosphorus levels, a decrease in potassium levels, and a higher phosphorus/potassium ratio, compared to nonimmersed controls regardless of water condition. When the two water-immersed groups were compared, rats tested in previously swum water had significantly higher glucose and significantly lower potassium levels and a higher phosphorus/potassium ratio than rats tested in fresh water. Immobility times were significantly correlated with the phosphorus/potassium ratio. In the second experiment, blood gases were measured prior to testing and at 25 min after immersion in rats tested in fresh and previously swum water. Rats in soiled water hypoventilated to a significantly greater extent than rats in fresh water but did not differ significantly in blood oxygenation. These two studies demonstrate that alarm chemosignals can produce physiological effects in conspecifics.     

Effects of decomposing rice straw on growth of and nitrogen fixation byRhizobium

Five phenolic compounds produced by decomposing rice straw and sterile extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil were very inhibitory to growth of three strains ofRhizobium. The effects were additive and in several instances synergistic. The phenolic compounds also reduced nodule numbers and hemoglobin content of the nodules in two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil (same concentration as in the soil) significantly reduced N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) in Bush Black Seeded beans. This may explain in part the great reduction in soybean yields in Taiwan following rice crops when the rice stubble is left in the field.     

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Causes Changes in Serotonin-Positive Neurons in the Small Intestine in Pig Model

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous systems, predominantly secreted in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the gut. 5-HT is a crucial enteric signaling molecule and is well known for playing a key role in sensory-motor and secretory functions in the gut. Gastroenteropathy is one of the most clinical problems in diabetic patients with frequent episodes of hyperglycemia. Changes in 5-HT expression may mediate gastrointestinal tract disturbances seen in diabetes, such as nausea and diarrhea. Based on the double immunohistochemical staining, this study determined the variability in the population of 5-HT-positive neurons in the porcine small intestinal enteric neurons in the course of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The results show changes in the number of 5-HT-positive neurons in the examined intestinal sections. The greatest changes were observed in the jejunum, particularly within the myenteric plexus. In the ileum, both de novo 5-HT synthesis in the inner submucosal plexus neurons and an increase in the number of neurons in the outer submucosal plexus were noted. The changes observed in the duodenum were also increasing in nature. The results of the current study confirm the previous observations concerning the involvement of 5-HT in inflammatory processes, and an increase in the number of 5-HT -positive neurons may also be a result of increased concentration of the 5-HT in the gastrointestinal tract wall and affects the motor and secretory processes, which are particularly intense in the small intestines.     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高,其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中,研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象,关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效,而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程,再到生物炭的老化,逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述,并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望,为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明,污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素,且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加,在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少,油中先增后减,气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下,气相中的氮含量高于固相,而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明,污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

咪鲜胺在粤浙两地水稻和土壤中残留动态

为了评价咪鲜胺在水稻上使用后的残留动态及环境安全性，在广东、浙江两地同时进行了咪鲜胺在水稻上的残留动态试验。结果表明：在广东地区，咪鲜胺在植株中的半衰期为2．59d，在土壤中的半衰期为2．46d，在稻田水的半衰期为0．46d；在浙江地区，咪鲜胺在植株中的半衰期为3．08d，在土壤中的半衰期为1．89d，在稻田水的半衰期为1．52d。收获的水稻糙米中咪鲜胺最终残留量均低于0．5mg／kg。     

分别测定双磷酸酯阻燃增塑剂中氯和溴含量的方法

介绍利用Ｂｒ的特征反应使系统中的Ｂｒ全部转化后，分别测定阻燃增塑剂中氯与溴含量的一种新方法。该方法分析速度快，操作简单，测定结果准确，重现性好，可应用于生产中的控制分析。     

Incubating superphosphate in ‘dry’soil can reduce its effectiveness

Single superphosphate was incubated for six months at 25°C in soil which had been subject to one of three moisture treatments. These were: dried in a glasshouse, dried at a constant temperature of 25°C, or moist soil. Phosphorus (P) effectiveness was then compared with effectiveness of P from freshly-applied superphosphate using yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (×Triticosecale) tops in pot experiments.Incubation in soil which had been dried at 25°C did not decrease the effectiveness of the P. Incubation in moist soil decreased it to about 20% of the effectiveness of freshly-applied P in one case and to about 50% in the other case. Incubation in soil which had been dried in a glasshouse also decreased its effectiveness. The decrease varied with conditions, but in two cases the P was 70% as effective as freshly-applied P, and in one case only 45% as effective. Presumably sufficient moisture was present in the soil dried in the glasshouse to enable water-soluble P present in the fertilizer to react with the soil.     

H-Ferritin Produced by Myeloid Cells Is Released to the Circulation and Plays a Major Role in Liver Iron Distribution during Infection

During infections, the host redistributes iron in order to starve pathogens from this nutrient. Several proteins are involved in iron absorption, transport, and storage. Ferritin is the most important iron storage protein. It is composed of variable proportions of two peptides, the L- and H-ferritins (FTL and FTH). We previously showed that macrophages increase their expression of FTH1 when they are infected in vitro with Mycobacterium avium, without a significant increase in FTL. In this work, we investigated the role of macrophage FTH1 in M. avium infection in vivo. We found that mice deficient in FTH1 in myeloid cells are more resistant to M. avium infection, presenting lower bacterial loads and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type littermates, due to the lower levels of available iron in the tissues. Importantly, we also found that FTH1 produced by myeloid cells in response to infection may be found in circulation and that it plays a key role in iron redistribution. Specifically, in the absence of FTH1 in myeloid cells, increased expression of ferroportin is observed in liver granulomas and increased iron accumulation occurs in hepatocytes. These results highlight the importance of FTH1 expression in myeloid cells for iron redistribution during infection.     

Lymphatic Transport of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil

In the present study we evaluated the uptake of ALA and its conversion to EPA + DHA in rats given linseed oil (LSO) in native form or as a microemulsion in whey protein or in lipoid. In a single oral dose study in which rats maintained on rodent pellets deficient in ω-3 fatty acids were intubated with 0.35 g LSO in lipoid, the amount of ALA present in lymph was increased reaching a maximum concentration of 16.23 mg/ml at 2.5 h. The amount of ALA present in lymph was increased to a maximum level of 10.95 mg/ml at 4 h in rats given LSO as a microemulsion in whey protein. When LSO was given without emulsification, the amount of ALA present in lymph was found to reach a maximum level of 7.08 mg/ml at 6 h. A similar result was observed when weaning rats were intubated with 0.15 g of LSO per day for a period of 60 days. Higher levels of ALA by 41 and 103 % were observed in lymph lipids of rats given microemulsions of LSO in whey protein and in lipoid respectively as compared to rats given LSO without pre-emulsification. Very little conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA was observed in lymph lipids but higher amounts of EPA + DHA was observed in liver and serum of rats given LSO in microemulsion form. This study indicated that ALA concentration in lymph lipids was increased when LSO was given in microemulsion form in lipoid and further conversion to EPA and DHA was facilitated in liver and serum.