室温下正丁醇作为乙醇-柴油混合燃料助溶剂的试验研究

通过对正丁醇作助溶剂的乙醇-柴油混合燃料的相关试验研究，力求找到合适的助溶剂配比比例，为乙醇-柴油混合燃料的稳定性及推广做贡献。试验证明，以正丁醇为助溶荆的乙醇-柴油的混合燃料可以用做柴油机的代用燃料。     

乙醇柴油混合燃料助溶剂的试验研究

选用正丁醇、正庚醇和正癸醇作为乙醇-柴油混合燃料助溶剂(混合燃料的体积比为助溶剂:乙醇:柴油=5:20:75)进行相溶性试验,并通过台架试验对比了添加不同助溶剂的混合燃料对柴油机性能及排放的影响.试验结果表明:随着正构醇分子量增加和环境温度上升,混合燃料相溶稳定性增加,燃油经济性变好;HC和NOx排放随助溶剂分子量增加和发动机转速降低而上升.在1 500～2 200 r/min时,zH5E20D75的烟度最低.其余转速下则以ZD5E20D75为最低.     

高耐蚀性黑色磷化膜技术

针对外商对出口产品的磷化膜质量要求膜层薄、色泽黑、高耐蚀性能技术难题，笔者查阅了国内外大量的技术资料，选择以锌钙系为母体，添加助溶剂，助黑剂及稳定剂，进行正交试验确定了高耐蚀锌、钙、铁系磷化工艺，并就温度、酸度、有关离子的浓度诸因素对膜层厚度、色泽、耐蚀性能的影响进行了探讨，提出了最佳工艺参数。     

山西研制出甲醇柴油

由山西华顿与北京天德行公司研究开发的清洁甲醇柴油及其助溶剂与配套技术,已经在太原等地车辆上成功试运行。此次研制成功的M15车用甲醇柴油,无需做任何改动即可     

压裂用储酸配酸设备的设计与应用研究

本文针对现有“工厂化”压裂用储酸配酸设备处理酸雾效果不彻底、防护和防爆等级低、容易造成环境污染和人员伤害的问题，设计了一种防酸防腐技术先进、使用寿命长、酸雾处理能力强、防护和防爆等级高、变频可调、安全环保、能够有效适用于大型压裂现场储存和配制预处理酸液和助溶剂用的储酸配酸设备，减少站场用地，便于移运，具有长远的社会效益和经济效益。     

超声波精细雾化抛光石英玻璃的抛光液研制*

为了配制适用于JGS1光学石英玻璃超声波精细雾化抛光的特种抛光液,以材料去除率和表面粗糙度为评价指标,设计正交试验探究抛光液中各组分含量对雾化抛光效果的影响,并对材料去除机制进行简要分析。结果表明：各因素对材料去除率的影响程度由大到小分别为SiO2、pH值、络合剂、助溶剂和表面活性剂,对表面粗糙度影响程度的顺序为SiO2、表面活性剂、pH值、助溶剂和络合剂;当磨料SiO2质量分数为19%,络合剂柠檬酸质量分数为1.4%,助溶剂碳酸胍质量分数为0.2%,表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮质量分数为0.9%,pH值为11时,雾化抛光效果最好,材料去除率为169.5 nm/min,表面粗糙度为0.73 nm;去除过程中石英玻璃在碱性环境下与抛光液发生化学反应,生成低于本体硬度的软质层,易于通过磨粒机械作用去除。使用该抛光液进行传统化学机械抛光和雾化化学机械抛光,比较两者的抛光效果。结果表明：两者抛光效果接近,但超声雾化方式抛光液用量少,仅为传统抛光方式的1/7。     

L—MAF高抗磨性水基微乳化切削液的研制

釆用全新的乳化剂与极压剂的配伍方法,研制出一种由表面活性剂、润滑剂、极压剂、杀菌剂、助溶剂和水等组成的水基微乳化切削液.实验结果表明:该切削液具有良好的高抗磨性、防锈性和稳定性,其抗磨性能明显高于国外同类产品.     

可锻铸铁热镀锌助镀剂的试验研究

本文对两类４种配比的助镀剂在可锻铸铁热镀锌中的助镀性能进行了对比试验研究，试验结果表明，新配比的氯化锌铵助镀剂有良好的助镀特性。     

新型环保水基金属清洗剂配方的研制

通过试验研制了一种新型的水基金属清洗剂.该清洗剂是由表面活性剂、助溶剂、防锈剂、润滑剂和水为基本原料组成的透明液体,具有稳定、去污率高、防腐防锈性强的特点,而且无毒、对人体无害。特别是在室温下即可达到96%以上的清洗率。     

加热压力喷油机

喷漆是把油漆混合物涂在工件表面上。现在一般我国所用的喷漆方法都是将硝化棉、树脂、增韧剂、溶剂与助溶剂、稀释剂、颜料和填充料混合溶解,利用压缩空气把液体油漆料由容器里吸上来,吹成细雾均匀地喷在被涂面上。由于油漆材料的混合物在涂于表面之前通常加入必要数量的溶剂和稀释剂,因此降低了油漆混合物中薄膜形成物质的含量,使形成的薄膜较薄,同时也浪费油漆。 热喷法是在不用大量的溶剂稀释的情况下,用提高温度(提高到55°-60°)的方法,使油漆材料获得所需要的粘度,而不降低簿膜形成物质的含量。其优点是便于喷涂;消除漆膜发白现象,节…     

改性复合磺酸钙基润滑脂的研究

高碱值复合磺酸钙基润滑脂综合性能优异,被称为全新理念的润滑脂,但容易产生硬化问题。对复合磺酸钙基润滑脂进行了改性处理,并且对其硬化机制作了初步分析。结果表明:改性后的复合磺酸钙基润滑脂综合了复合锂基脂、聚脲基脂和复合磺酸钙基脂的性能优势,不仅解决了硬化问题,且该润滑脂具有特殊的纤维结构,从而赋予其极高的滴点、良好的高温极压润滑性能和低的摩擦因数。     

铁路轮轨润滑脂的研制

采用IR、XRD、SEM-EDS等手段,对常用铁路轮轨润滑脂进行剖析,得到润滑脂的基础油种类和添加剂组成。研制一种新型铁路轮轨润滑脂,并与常用铁路轮轨润滑脂的性能进行比较。结果表明:研制的润滑脂的最大无卡咬负荷为863 N,比常用铁路轮轨润滑脂的大一倍多,其摩擦因数为0.008～0.032,明显小于常用铁路轮轨润滑脂的0.039～0.051,但烧结负荷小于常用铁路轮轨润滑脂;研制的润滑脂具有更好的胶体稳定性和耐热性。     

Study the Sensitivity of Solid Lubricating Additives to Attapulgite Clay Base Grease

The focus of this study was the development of a new lubricating grease, using surface-modified attapulgite clay as thickener and synthetic oil (PAO 40) as the base oil. The tribological sensitivity of the new grease was investigated by studying the effect of adding three solid additives [KB₃O₅, MoS₂, graphite and a graphite/MoS₂ mixture (mass ratio 3:2)]. Its tribological behavior was compared with that of traditional bentone grease by adding MoS₂. The dropping point and the cone penetration of the new grease were also investigated and analyzed. The wear scar diameter of the base grease was measured on an MRS-1 J (G) four-ball tester, and the tribological sensitivity of solid lubricating additives to attapulgite clay base grease was evaluated using an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester. The addition of MoS₂ and the graphite/MoS₂ mixture to the new lubricating grease improved its friction-reducing ability, while the addition of KB₃O₅ improved its antiwear ability. The additives MoS₂ and the graphite/MoS₂ mixture also increased the load-carrying capacity of the base grease. The attapulgite clay grease containing MoS₂ had a better friction-reducing ability than the traditional bentone grease containing MoS_2.     

一种新型矿用润滑脂泵的优化设计

针对目前市场上广泛采用的柱塞式矿用润滑脂泵存在的不足,设计一种新型矿用润滑脂泵,该泵采用平底移动从动杆单圆弧凸轮机构作为液压缸的驱动机构,采用变频器调节凸轮转速来实现无级变速和控制润滑脂泵的流量输出。为实现该泵的优化设计,利用Pro/E软件对润滑脂泵系统进行三维实体造型设计,在Pro/An imation环境中实现各零件的虚拟装配,运用Pro/E的MDX模块完成在给定运动条件下的润滑泵运动仿真,获得新型润滑脂泵运动情况的参数曲线,并通过干涉检验验证设计的润滑脂泵模型的可靠性。     

Erratum to: Study the Sensitivity of Solid Lubricating Additives to Attapulgite Clay Base Grease

The focus of this study was the development of a new lubricating grease, using surface-modified attapulgite clay as thickener and synthetic oil (PAO 40) as the base oil. The tribological sensitivity of the new grease was investigated by studying the effect of adding three solid additives [KB₃O₅, MoS₂, graphite and a graphite/MoS₂ mixture (mass ratio 3:2)]. Its tribological behavior was compared with that of traditional bentone grease by adding MoS₂. The dropping point and the cone penetration of the new grease were also investigated and analyzed. The wear scar diameter of the base grease was measured on an MRS-1 J (G) four-ball tester, and the tribological sensitivity of solid lubricating additives to attapulgite clay base grease was evaluated using an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester. The addition of MoS₂ and the graphite/MoS₂ mixture to the new lubricating grease improved its friction-reducing ability, while the addition of KB₃O₅ improved its antiwear ability. The additives MoS₂ and the graphite/MoS₂ mixture also increased the load-carrying capacity of the base grease. The attapulgite clay grease containing MoS₂ had a better friction-reducing ability than the traditional bentone grease containing MoS_2.     

Mapping of Grease Migration in High-Speed Bearings Using a Technique Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy

A novel approach that allowed the identification of (in) active grease reservoirs in high-speed superprecision angular contact ball bearings for spindle applications is described. To improve the design of these grease-lubricated bearings it is necessary to measure grease migration and determine the lubrication role of internal grease reservoirs. Hence, a technique based on fluorescence spectroscopy is successfully applied that allowed the identification of grease migration in such a bearing. Therefore, this technique provides a new way to further improve grease migration in critical bearing locations with the ultimate goal of attaining even higher speeds and longer life.     

十八胺封端脲醛树脂改性膨润土制备润滑脂的研究

以十八胺、脲醛树脂、膨润土、基础油为原料,在水为溶剂条件下合成了一种新型的润滑脂,并探讨了链终止反应阶段的试验条件以及聚合时间对润滑脂性能的影响。结果表明,聚合反应时间为2 h,体系温度为100℃,pH值为2~3,反应时间为2 h时合成的有机膨润土具有较好的亲油能力。对合成的润滑脂进行理化指标测试,并使用四球机对其摩擦磨损性能进行考察。结果表明,各项指标能够达到市售膨润土润滑脂的要求,且具有更高的滴点和优良的极压性能。     

A New Method to Visualize Grease Flow in a Double Restriction Seal Using Microparticle Image Velocimetry

A new method to visualize and quantify grease flow in between two sealing lips or, in general, a double restriction seal is presented. Two setups were designed to mimic different types of seals; that is, a radial and an axial shaft seal. The flow of the grease inside and in between the sealing restrictions was measured using microparticle image velocimetry. The results show that grease flow due to a pressure difference mainly takes place close to the rotating shaft surface with an exponentially decaying velocity profile in the radial direction. Consequently, contaminants may be captured in the stationary grease at the outer radius, which explains the sealing function of the grease.     

润滑脂铁谱分析

提出了在甲苯和正己烷的混合溶液稀释，溶解润滑脂的基础上，用润滑油作载体的润滑脂铁谱分析的方法，介绍了基物步骤。对某大型联轴承润滑脂铁谱分析的结果表明了方法的有效性。     

膨润土润滑脂剪切安定性研究

以十八胺、脲醛树脂、膨润土、基础油为原料在水为溶剂条件下合成了一种新型润滑脂。采用不同的工艺,对合成润滑脂的剪切安定性进行研究,分析了合成反应的动力学方程,考察了稠化剂结构。结果表明,稠化剂的结构对润滑脂剪切安定性有一定的影响。在链终止反应后期加入一定的尿素,能够大大改善膨润土润滑脂的剪切安定性。