Novel Design of HID Lamp Electronic Ballast for Automotive Systems

This paper presents a high intensity discharge（HID） lamp for automotive illumination. A novel type of ballast for HID is proposed without an acoustic resonance. The system consists of high frequency DC/DC converter,DC/AC inverter（SLA2403M）, high voltage igniter and a microcontroller unit（MCU）. The proposed ballast controls the complex start-up process and constant power process by programming on the rnicrocontroller. It is verified that experimental results agree well with the calculated ones. The ballast features such functions as failure protection, line under-voltage, line over-voltage, output short circuit and disconnection protections.     

HID Lamp Electronic Ballast With Reduced Component Number

A reduced-component-number single-stage power-processing electronic ballast to drive high-intensity discharge lamps is presented in this paper. A dc–dc buck converter, which controls the current and the power of the lamp, a power factor preregulator based on a discontinuous conduction mode boost converter, and the inverter are combined in a boost integrated with buck rectifier/energy storage/dc–dc converter. It operates with a line-frequency square-wave current driving the lamp. The signals of the power stages are provided by a dedicated microcontroller. Ballast for sodium vapor lamps of 70 W without acoustic resonance was implemented, resulting in a $pf = 0.97$ with 22% total harmonic distortion and $eta = 84%$.      

高性能HID电子镇流器

介绍了荧光灯、高压钠灯以及金属卤化物灯等气体放电灯和其对电子镇流器的基本要求。     

A Novel Single-Switch Single-Stage Electronic Ballast

A single-stage single-switch high- frequency electronic ballast topology is presented. The circuit topology is the integration of a buck power- factor-correction （PFC） converter and a class E resonant inverter with only one active power switch. The buck converter is operated in discontinuous conduction mode and at a fixed switching frequency, and constant duty cycle to achieve high power factor and it can be controlled easily. Detailed analysis of the operation and characteristics of the circuit is provided. Simulation results satisfy present standard requirements.     

荧光灯电子镇流器的EMI滤波器设计

本文主要以基于恩智浦半桥驱动ICUBA2211设计的荧光灯电子镇流器为例,针对电路中存在的传导干扰,探讨了不同的滤波方法。通过在电路的电源入口处采取滤波技术对电路的EMI进行抑制,使电路的传导干扰的测试结果达到了国际的EMI标准限值。     

用于荧光灯的一种单片电子镇流器

VK06TL集成电路有很多功能。这些功能通常需要用大量组件来实现。例如预热电路、荧光灯管使用到最后阶段的保护电路、热保护、双向击穿二极管功能。由于器件本身的运作模式,在荧光灯管使用到最后阶段时能够限制流过电路的大电流,该功能通过在外面增加一个简单便宜的电阻器-二极管电路实现。该器件的工作频率可以用外面的两只电容器来设定。器件中的保护电路提高了器件本身的可靠性以及整个系统的可靠性。     

35 W集成控制型HID镇流器的设计

设计了一种基于集成芯片控制的HID灯镇流器。该镇流器集成了对恒功率、电流采样、温度补偿、斜坡补偿部分的控制,同时改进了采样电路,有效提高了调制信号的占空比。镇流器电路拓扑结构简单,降低了成本,效率达到80.3%,可靠性高,无声谐振现象。     

Acoustic-Resonance-Free High-Frequency Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps

To avoid the acoustic resonance on operating metal halide lamps, an autofrequency-searching method is implemented on the high-frequency electronic ballast. The proposed method allows the use of a high-frequency electronic ballast, making the ballast able to adjust the operating frequency automatically as soon as the acoustic resonance is detected and, consequently, to locate it at a stable frequency. The electronic ballast achieves a high efficiency and a high power density through the employment of a high-frequency resonant inverter with an embedded buck-boost converter for power-factor correction and lamp power regulation. The control strategy is realized by a microprocessor along with the acoustic-resonance detection circuit. The operation of autofrequency searching is illustrated by the experiments on an electronic ballast designed for 70-W metal halide lamps.      

A Novel Constant Power Control Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast

This paper presents a constant power control circuit for a three-stage high-intensity discharge (HID) electronic ballast. The three-stage electronic ballast is composed of a boost pre-regulator to achieve a high power factor, a DC/DC buck converter to regulate lamp current with constant lamp power, and a full-bridge inverter to drive the HID lamp with a low-frequency ac squarewave current. The buck converter operating in current mode utilizes current sense level-shift technique to achieve constant power output. The proposed constant power control circuit is easily designed and implemented for the three-stage HID electronic ballast. Finally, a laboratory prototype of a 70 W HID electronic ballast is implemented. The measured results show that the proposed ballast can be applied for various HID lamps with low lamp power variation (less than 0.6%).     

一种E类驱动单级式电子镇流器的仿真研究

提出了一种E类驱动结构的谐振式电子镇流器,将E类结构和buck-boost功率因数校正结构整合成一种单级式电子镇流器。由于E类驱动式的谐振电路只需一个开关管,经过整合后的电路也只需一个控制电路和一个开关管,进一步降低了镇流器的成本提高了效率。文章分析了E类镇流器电路工作在最佳情况下的工作状态,仿真采用脉宽调制控制电路工作。     

一种直流供电的陶瓷金卤灯电子镇流器

设计了一款低压直流供电的陶瓷金卤灯电子镇流器.前级采用具有RCD吸收电路的反激变换器.提高镇流器的效率.后级采用低频方波全桥逆变电路.有效克服陶瓷金卤灯的声共振现象.利用单片机实现陶瓷金卤灯的平滑启动、精密恒功率控制、重启动以及各种异常状态保护.测试表明,该电子镇流器性能稳定,效率较高.     

基于IR2155 的高压钠灯电子镇流器设计

本文针对高压钠灯电子镇流器设计中，开关损耗大、驱动复杂、启动速度慢等问题，提出一种高性能高压钠灯用电子镇流器电路。该电路成功的应用了L6560校正芯片和IR2155专用半桥驱动芯片，即简化了传统的驱动电路，又实现了变频调节，提高了启动速度，保证了灯功率的稳定。通过频率和辅助元件的设置，半桥逆变电路可工作在软开关状态。同时设计出可靠的、能产生3．5kV电压的启动电路，保证灯在热灯熄灭时，切断触发脉冲，而后自动恢复启动状态。实验结果表明该镇流器性能优良，功率因数大于0．99，启动时间小于2.4min。     

数模双环路HID安定器的设计

HID氙气灯必须工作在恒定功率条件下,通常采用功率误差检测环路来实现。在分析了35 W车用HID氙气灯工作特性和市场上HID氙气灯安定器设计特点的基础上,提出了一种新颖的HID安定器的设计方案,其特点是同时采用了数字和模拟两个功率误差检测环路。实验表明,采用以此结构设计的安定器既保证了很好的瞬态特性,又保证了进入稳态后输出功率的稳定性。     

Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier Integrated HID Ballast Circuit With Dimming Control for Automotive Application

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are becoming popular substitutes for halogen lamps in automotive headlamps because of the high lumen/watt ratio and the color of the light. In this paper, a ballast (integrated with a voltage multiplier circuit in the secondary winding of the dc converter transformer) with dimming control is presented. The proposed circuit not only eliminates one auxiliary winding but also reduces the voltage across the switch on the primary side and consequently permits the selection of switches with a lower rating. A brief review of the HID circuits is done and compared with the proposed circuit. Experimental results from the prototype are presented. This paper also presents different methods of dimming the automotive HID lamps based on analog and digital control and discusses the relative merits of each of the methods. The dimming control is implemented using both the methods, and experimental results are presented. It is envisaged that the dimming control will provide some flexibility to drivers in the control of HID lamps to suit the driving conditions in the modern cities that are very well lit at night. This paper investigates the merits of each method and discusses the practical issues for implementing such controls.      

Electronic Ballast Control IC With Digital Phase Control and Lamp Current Regulation

A digital control architecture is presented for electronic ballasts that provides a phase sweep for reliable, soft lamp ignition and a smooth transition to lamp current regulation mode. The controller is based on an inner phase loop for fast regulation of the resonant tank operating point and an outer current loop for lamp current regulation. The inner loop operates on a simple digital control law that computes the required gate timing relative to the inductor current positive zero crossing. Phase control provides reliable drive of the resonant converter in the presence of large dynamic changes in the load impedance during lamp ignition and warm up and natural tracking of component variations with temperature and time. The primarily digital approach provides programmability for broad application, insensitivity to process and temperature variations, realization in low cost CMOS processes and few external components. Experimental results are presented for an integrated ballast controller fabricated in a 0.8 mum CMOS process used in a 400 W, 150 kHz HID electronic ballast.     

250W高压钠灯电子镇流器的研究

为满足人们对绿色照明的要求,该文设计了节能、高功率因数及总谐波失真低的高压钠灯电子镇流器来替代传统的电感式镇流器,采用有源功率因数校正、恒功率控制、低频方波驱动的三级式结构的电路设计,并搭建了样机,实现了160V～265V宽电压输入,功率因数PF≥0.99,总谐波畸变因数THD≤9．1％,电路可靠工作,通过了电磁兼容传导干扰测试。     

一种数字控制HID灯电子镇流器的研制

介绍了一种单片机数字控制车用前照明高强度气体放电灯（high intensity discharge，HID）电子镇流器。镇流器系统主要由高频DC／DC开关电源、DC／AC逆变器、高压启动电路和单片机控制电路组成。它通过单片机软件编程，实现精确的数字控制，确保HID灯启动复杂的时序控制和恒功率控制过程，而且可以很好地处理各种故障模式，具有输入过压／欠压保护，输入反接保护，输出短路、开路保护等功能。     

2.65-MHz Self-Oscillating Complementary Electronic Ballast With Constant-Lamp-Current Control for a Metal Halide Lamp

This paper presents the design and implementation of the 2.65-MHz self-oscillating complementary electronic ballast with a constant-lamp-current control for a metal halide lamp. In order to avoid the inherent acoustic-resonance problem of metal halide lamps, the ballast's switching-frequency level was selected to be 2.65 MHz, which satisfies higher magnitudes of maximum electromagnetic interference (EMI) limitation at frequencies of between 2.5 to 3.0 MHz, within the EMI/electromagnetic compatibility frequency range ldquochimney,rdquo for RF lighting systems. With the constant-lamp-current control scheme, the lamp current can be regulated to be less dependent on the input ac voltage. Finally, a 20-W prototype ballast is implemented to demonstrate the ability to avoid the acoustic-resonance and to provide constant levels of lamp current.     

霓虹灯电子变压器的设计

介绍了霓虹灯电子变压器的线路、工作原理、功率管的选择与保护、输出变压器的绕制等。该电子变压器具有高性价比及可靠性。     

一种高性能电子镇流器的设计

介绍了BL8301的主要特点，给出了提高抗干扰能力的滤波电路和用于荧光灯的电子镇流器实用电路，对工作原理进行了详细分析，给出了电路设计参数和设计方法，简要说明了在设计制作过程中的难点问题。该电子镇流器具有结构简单、成本低、性能优良、可靠性高的特点。实验验证了设计是可行的。