炭纤维增强复合材料层合板振动性能研究进展

复合材料的使用环境和组织结构会影响炭纤维增强复合材料的阻尼特性和固有频率。本文针对炭纤维增强炭基和树脂基复合材料的阻尼特性和固有频率的研究进展进行了系统论述,详细介绍了基体、纤维、温度和损伤对炭纤维增强炭基和树脂基复合材料阻尼特性和固有频率的影响。     

炭/炭复合材料界面微观结构的研究

炭纤维增强炭基（炭／炭）复合材料中的界面结构直接影响着炭／炭材料的力学、热物理等各种性能。采用SEM、TIM等微观观察手段,就几种炭／炭复合材料界面的微观结构进行考察。对观察到的炭纤维与基体炭间的界面、同一纤维束中两根纤维间的界面,基体与其他外加物质间的界面、不同取向炭纤维间的界面、不同基体前驱体层间的界面等界面类型的细微结构进行了图示分析与讨论。     

炭／炭复合材料界面海微观结构的研究

炭纤维增强炭基（炭／炭）复合材料中的界面结构直接影响着炭／炭材料的力学、热物理等各种性能。采用ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ等微观观察手段,新几种炭／炭复合材料界面的微观结构进行考察。对观察到炭纤维与基体炭间的界面、同一纤维束中两根纤维间的界面,基体与其他外加物质间的界面、不同取向炭纤维间界面、不同基体前驱体层间的界面等界面类型的细微结构进行了图示分析与讨论。     

纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料隔声性能的研究

本文对轨道交通车辆安装复合材料头罩的驾驶室进行隔声研究,先从双层纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料对称结构和非对称结构的隔声性能进行研究,再对三层纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料结构的隔声性能进行探究,接着进一步探究阻尼材料、隔声材料对纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料隔声性能的影响,最后根据驾驶室的实际情况,探究空气层和内饰件产品对驾驶室隔声性能的影响。结果表明,对于双层纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料结构,在声源侧分配厚的纤维层,比平均分配两侧纤维层可获得更高的隔声性能;对于三层纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料结构,将厚度最大的纤维层置于近声源端,将厚度次之的纤维层置于远声端,将厚度最小的纤维层置于中间的结构,其隔声量明显优于双层纤维增强树脂基夹芯复合材料结构;在复合材料背面增加阻尼材料或隔声材料都可提高其隔声性能;考虑内饰件及空气层时,驾驶室的隔声量可提高。     

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE STRENGTH OF SHORT CARBON FIBER REINFORCED CARBON COMPOSITE

为了增强炭纤维的表面活性,提高炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度,用浓硝酸对炭纤维进行了表面氧化处理。考察了处理时间和处理温度对短炭纤维增强炭基复合材料（SCFRC）力学性能的影响;用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对SCFRC的弯曲断面进行了观察。结果表明对炭纤维进行表面处理可以提高其与基体炭的结合强度,炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度以及SCFRC的抗弯强度均随着炭纤维氧化处理时间的增加和处理温度的升高而增大。     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料阻尼性能的研究进展

纤维增强树脂基复合材料越来越广泛地应用于航空航天、风机叶片等高科技领域.对这一先进材料的阻尼性能进行分析、预报和优化设计,从而实现对结构振动、冲击、噪声和疲劳破坏的有效控制,日益受到从事复合材料研究和开发的科技工作者的关注和重视.本文对纤维增强树脂基复合材料阻尼研究的进展情况进行了综述,分为复合材料阻尼机理、复合材料阻尼性能的研究现状、界面对复合材料阻尼的影响等三个方面的内容,最后对该领域研究工作进行了展望.     

炭纤维表面处理对短炭纤维增强炭基复合材料强度的影响

为了增强炭纤维的表面活性,提高炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度,用浓硝酸对炭纤维进行了表面氧化处理。考察了处理时间和处理温度对短炭纤维增强炭基复合材料（ＳＣＦＲＣ）力学性能的影响;用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）对ＳＣＦＲＣ的弯曲断面进行了观察。结果表明：对炭纤维进行表面处理可以提高其与基体炭的结合强度,炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度以及ＳＣＦＲＣ的抗弯强度均随着炭纤维氧化处理时间的增加和处理温度的升高而增大     

炭纤维表面特性对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

分别以含有原始上浆剂的聚丙烯腈基炭纤维及其经过高温除胶处理的炭纤维为增强体,通过沥青浸渍、炭化和高温热处理方法获得了炭/炭复合材料,对获得的复合材料中基体炭的结构和材料的力学性能进行了分析。含有原始上浆剂的炭纤维表面含有较多含氧官能团,易与基体炭形成较强结合的界面,基体炭取向受到限制,在纤维轴向呈竹节状断裂,承载过程中基体炭对炭纤维协同承载作用弱,复合材料表现出了较弱的力学性能。经过高温除胶处理的炭纤维表面几乎没有含氧官能团,易于与基体炭形成弱结合界面,基体炭取向受到的约束小,可围绕炭纤维形成"类同心圆"结构。这种状态下形成的基体炭在纤维轴向连续性较好,复合材料的力学性能较高。     

高导热炭纤维复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以聚苯硫醚为基体,中间相沥青基炭纤维为增强材料,采用热压成型工艺制备高导热炭纤维复合材料。研究了不同炭纤维含量对聚苯硫醚基复合材料结构和性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对材料微观结构进行观察分析,并测试复合材料的力学性能和导热性能。结果表明:不同炭纤维含量对复合材料性能影响不同。随着炭纤维含量的增加,力学性能随之降低,导热率随之升高。纤维含量为5%时,复合材料拉伸强度最高为45.17 MPa,弯曲强度最高为82.24 MPa,导热率最低为0.82W/m·K;纤维含量为20%时,复合材料拉伸强度最低为30.57 MPa,弯曲强度最低为69.36 MPa,导热率最高为1.88 W/m·K。通过微观形貌分析得出炭纤维结合能低,惰性高,与基体结合不够紧密。     

树脂基透波复合材料研究进展

综述了树脂基透波复合材料的研究进展,在提出透波复合材料要求的基础上,对常用树脂基体和增强纤维的特点进行了介绍。分析了界面对透波复合材料性能的影响规律,提出了今后我国在树脂基透波复合材料方面的研究方向。     

Influence of thermo‐oxidative aging on vibration damping characteristics of conventional and graphene‐based carbon fiber fabric composites

The effect of thermo‐oxidative aging on the vibration damping characteristics of the conventional fabric composites reinforced by three‐dimensional (3D) and four‐directional (4Dir) braided preform and laminated plain woven fabric and the 3D‐4Dir braided graphene‐based carbon fiber composites was investigated. Specimens were isothermally aged at 140 °C for various periods of time up to 1,200 h. The results indicated that the thermo‐oxidative aging resulted in deterioration of the matrix and interface performance, in the form of chain scissions, weight loss, microcracks and interfacial debonding, which should be responsible for the decrease of nature frequency and the increase of damping coefficient of the composites. After aging for 1,200 h, the first nature frequency and first damping coefficient retention rates of 3D‐4Dir braided graphene‐coated carbon fiber/epoxy composite were 5.5% and 6.4% higher than those of laminated composite, respectively. One of the reasons was the integrated structure of 3D‐4Dir braided composite exposed lower fiber end area to air than that of laminated composite, leading to less interface oxidation. Another reason was that the graphene reinforced gradient interphase provided an effective shield against interface oxidation and restricted the movement of the different phase of the materials at the composites interface. This synergetic reinforcing effect of 3D‐4Dir braided structure and graphene reinforced hierarchical interface provides an easy and effective way to design and improve the thermo‐oxidative stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2871–2883, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

环氧树脂基阻尼复合材料研究进展

简要阐述了高聚物阻尼材料的阻尼机理,综述了环氧树脂胶液的阻尼性能及其影响因素、纤维增强环氧树脂阻尼复合材料以及无机填料/环氧树脂阻尼复合材料的研究状况,指出了环氧树脂基阻尼材料的发展方向及前景。     

Dynamic mechanical properties of oil palm microfibril‐reinforced natural rubber composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of macro and microfibers of oil palm‐reinforced natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated as a function of fiber content, temperature, treatment, and frequency. By the incorporation of macrofiber to NR, the storage modulus (E') value increases while the damping factor (tan δ) shifts toward higher temperature region. As the fiber content increases the damping nature of the composite decreases because of the increased stiffness imparted by the natural fibers. By using the steam explosion method, the microfibrils were separated from the oil palm fibers. These fibers were subjected to treatments such as mercerization, benzoylation, and silane treatment. Resorcinol‐hexamethylenetetramine‐hydrated silica was also used as bonding agent to increase the fiber/matrix adhesion. The storage modulus value of untreated and treated microfibril‐reinforced composites was higher than that of macrofiber‐reinforced composites. The T_g value obtained for this microfibril‐reinforced composites were slightly higher than that of macrofiber‐reinforced composites. The activation energy for the relaxation processes in different composites was also calculated. The morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy of tensile fracture surfaces of treated and untreated composites indicated better fiber/matrix adhesion in the case of treated microfibril‐reinforced composites. Finally, attempts were made to correlate the experimental dynamic properties with the theoretical predictions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effect of pyrolytic carbon interphase on mechanical properties of mini T800-C/SiC composites

The effect of pyrolytic carbon(PyC) thickness on the tensile property of mini T800 carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites(C/SiC) was studied. PyC interphase was prepared by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) process using C3H6–Ar as gas source, the PyC thickness was adjusted from 0 to 400 nm, and then the SiC matrix was prepared by CVI process using methyltrichlorosilane(MTS)–H2–Ar as precursor and gas source. The results showed that the tensile strength of mini T800-C/SiC increased first and then decreased with the increase of the PyC thickness. When the thickness of PyC was 100 nm, the average strength reached the maximum value of 393 ± 70 MPa. The Weibull modulus increased from 2.0 to 8.06 with the increase of PyC thickness, and the larger the Weibull modulus, the smaller the dispersion, which indicated that the regulation of PyC thickness was conducive to improve tensile properties.     

Dynamic mechanical analysis of oil palm microfibril‐reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of microfibers of oil palm‐reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were investigated as a function of fiber content, temperature, treatment, and frequency. The storage modulus (E′) was found to increase with weight fraction of microfibrils due to the increased stiffness imparted by the strong adhesion between the polar matrix and the hydrophilic microfibrils. The damping properties were found to decrease with increase in fiber loading. As the fiber content increases, the damping nature of the composite decreases because of the increased stiffness imparted by the natural fibers. By steam explosion method (STEX), microfibrils are separated from fibers. Natural fibers were undergone treatment such as mercerization, benzoylation, and silane treatment. The NBR is modified by the addition of resorcinol‐hexa‐hydrated silica (HRH) bonding agent. Also dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used as an alternating vulcanizing agent in the system. In the case of composites containing chemically modified fibers, storage modulus were found to increase. Cole–Cole analysis was made to study the phase behavior of the composite samples. Activation energy for the relaxation processes in different composites was calculated. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy of tensile fracture surfaces of treated and untreated composites indicated better fiber matrix/adhesion in the case of treated microfibril‐reinforced composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Experimental investigation of the damping enhancement in fiber-reinforced composites with carbon nanotubes

This study experimentally investigates the damping effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in the matrix of fiber-reinforced composite materials. Several different aspect ratios, types, and weight fractions of CNTs are considered, and an analysis of the CNT dispersion in the composite matrix is presented. The composite materials are analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis and various modal analysis techniques to determine the damping characteristics of the composite as a function of strain, fiber volume fraction, and nanotube type and weight percentage loading. Experiments are conducted using cantilevered beams in both a stationary and rotating frame in order to explore the effects of rotation on the damping behavior of the composite material. The results show that the addition of two weight percent of CNTs to the matrix of carbon fiber reinforced composites can increase the damping in a stationary composite beam by more than 130% and by more than 150% in a composite beam rotating at 500 RPM.     

碳纤维增强复合材料技术发展现状及趋势

简要叙述了碳纤维和树脂基体的发展历程及现状，介绍了目前碳纤维增强复合材料在固体火箭发动机及空间技术上的应用情况。对我国碳纤维复合材料发展过程中存在的问题进行了初步分析并提出了建议。     

CF/KF混杂纤维复合材料阻尼性能研究

本文采用热动态力学分析测试技术测试材料的损耗因子来评价材料的阻尼性能,研究了CF/KF混杂纤维复合材料的混杂比、铺层顺序、混杂方式对材料阻尼性能和力学性能的影响。实验表明,铺层中外层纤维的种类和含量对材料的阻尼性能和力学性能影响很大,混杂界面数对材料的阻尼性能和力学性能也有一定的影响。     

针刺碳纤维增强莫来石基复合材料的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了针刺碳纤维增强莫来石基复合材料。借助于TG-DTA和XRD对合成凝胶的莫来石化过程进行研究,结果表明,在热处理过程中,凝胶在920°C左右形成铝硅尖晶石,1198°C左右形成莫来石。研究了烧结温度对复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,烧结温度为1500°C制备的复合材料弯曲强度最高,达到142.2 MPa,断裂韧性为8.77 MPa·m~(1/2)。借助于对复合材料微观结构的观察对复合材料力学性能的变化进行了解释。     

炭纤维增强Cu/Ti3SiC2自润滑复合材料的研究

介绍了炭纤维的表面处理,炭纤维增强铜基复合材料的制备工艺与性能的研究进展.三元层状碳化物Ti3SiC2兼具金属和陶瓷的优良性能,更有意义的是它具有很好的自润滑性能和比传统的固体润滑剂石墨、二硫化钼更低的摩擦系数.将Ti3SiC2弥散强化Cu与炭纤维复合强化Cu结合,制备出的复合材料,可望有效提高其自润滑性能,被认为在许多领域有着广泛的应用前景.