碳纳米管／导电聚合物纳米复合物的合成与表征

为实现制备出导电性能优良的有机透明导电涂层,需要把具有导电性的碳纳米管在树脂中组装成一体化导电结构网络.运用可以在树脂中自组装的导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩和聚苯胺来实现碳纳米管自组装的方法,分别合成出了导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩和聚苯胺薄膜均匀覆盖的碳纳米管/聚乙撑二氧噻吩复合物与碳纳米管/聚苯胺纳米复合物,并运用透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和四探针法对其进行了分析与表征,结果发现这种复合物的导电性较碳纳米管和聚乙撑二氧噻吩以及聚苯胺自身导电性都有一定程度的提高.     

碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维的合成与表征

为实现碳纳米管在树脂内形成一体化导电网络，从而制备出透明导电性能最优的有机透明导电涂层，必须把导电性的碳纳米管纤维在树脂内有效地组装成一体化导电结构网络。本文报道运用在树脂内可以自组装的导电苯胺来实现碳纳米管纤维自组装的方法．合成出了导电聚苯胺纳米薄膜均匀包覆的碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维．并运用透射电镜、傅立叶红外光谱以及四探针法表面电阻测试仪对合成出的具有精细微观结构的纳米复合纤维进行了表征．发现合成出了理想的碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维，并且其导电性较碳纳米管和导电聚苯胺自身都有大幅度的提高。这种特殊结构的纳米复合纤维的制备为组装高性能的聚合物基透明导电涂层奠定了坚实基础，而且这种自组装方法为各种纳米纤维的组装提供了可能。     

炭纳米管-聚苯胺新型复合材料的制备

利用原位聚合的方式,制备得到了碳纳米管—聚苯胺的新型复合材料。通过对TEM图片的分析表明,这种新型的复合材料是由聚苯胺分子均匀地包裹在碳纳米管的外壁形成的,聚苯胺分子是沿着碳纳米管的轴向生长形成聚合物分子长链。这种复合材料具有空间的网状结构,形成了一个十分优良的导电通道,对复合材料的导电性有提高的潜在优势。     

碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及电性能

利用超声波将多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)分散于苯胺盐酸溶液体系中,以过硫酸铵((NH4)2S2O8)为氧化剂,原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺纳米复合材料(CNTs/PANI)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、四探针电导率测试仪对复合材料进行表面观察、结构测定和电性能表征。结果表明,复合材料为核-壳结构,碳纳米管和聚苯胺间存在相互作用,其电导率随碳纳米管含量的增加而增加。     

PANI/SnO2导电复合材料的制备及光催化吸附性能

采用水热合成法制备了类球状二氧化锡纳米粉体,再经原位聚合工艺制备聚苯胺(PANI)/SnO2纳米复合材料。利用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了材料的结构和形貌,用四探针测试了材料的电导率,考察了反应物配比对复合材料导电性及光催化吸附性能的影响。结果表明,PANI与SnO2之间存在着化学键的结合,形成交联的孔状结构。复合材料兼具良好的导电性和较高的光催化吸附性能,掺杂30%SnO2纳米粒子时,复合材料的电导率为3.57 S/cm,相比于掺杂态聚苯胺提高了将近十倍,对萘酚绿B的吸附降解率达98%,且循环使用率较高(80%±6%)。     

水溶性导电聚苯胺-磺化聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸）复合物的制备和表征

介绍了化学氧化一步诱导合成水溶性导电聚苯胺复合物的方法。详细叙述了水溶性导电聚苯胺复合物的合成方法。着重分析了聚电解质诱导苯胺单体定向排列的作用力，阐述了聚电解质的引入对聚苯胺溶解性、导电性的改善作用。红外光谱、紫外光谱、电导率测试等结果表明成功合成出导电PANI/SPSA复合物。     

提拉法制备聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合薄膜及性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料,用提拉法使分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的复合材料在玻璃基底上成膜.通过SEM研究了薄膜的表面与截面形貌,其中复合管的直径为70～80nm,聚苯胺包覆层的厚度在30～40nm之间,薄膜厚度在1μm左右,复合材料分布比较均匀;经Raman光谱、UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明聚苯胺与碳纳米管之间存在相互作用.使用繁用表和自制的接触装置对光照前后薄膜的电导率进行了测试,结果显示无光照时随着碳纳米管含量的增加复合薄膜的电导率从1.6×10<'-2>s/cm增加到了120×10<'-2> s/cm;光照前后的电导率测试表明,复合薄膜在光照条件下发生了光诱导电荷分离现象,光照使复合薄膜的电导率略有提高.     

聚苯胺/MCM-41介孔分子筛导电复合材料的制备及其表征

利用MCM-41介孔分子筛单分散孔道特性作为"纳米反应器",在其孔道内合成聚苯胺.讨论了HCl浓度、(NH4)2SO8浓度和聚合温度对复合材料导电性的影响,得到最佳的聚合条件:HCl:1.5mol/L,(NH4)2SO8:1.0mol/L,聚合温度:15℃,此时的电导率为0.61s/cm.在最佳合成条件下,对聚苯胺/MCM-41介孔分子筛导电复合材料进行SEM、红外光谱分析.     

聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑多孔复合材料的制备及性能研究

以纳米乙炔炭黑在反应体系中的聚集体为模板,采用化学氧化法制备了多孔形貌的聚苯胺。讨论了乙炔炭黑经硝酸液相氧化处理对聚苯胺/炭黑复合材料形貌、导电性及热性能的影响。研究结果表明,在聚苯胺掺杂酸盐酸用量增加到80mL时两种复合材料都具有多孔结构,并且由于炭黑经硝酸液相氧化后分散性及表面性质得到改善,产物呈现出明显的一维线性结构,该复合材料电导率高达5.55S/cm。多孔复合材料热分解温度均在430℃左右。     

导电性聚苯胺纳米复合材料的研究

通过化学方法制备了导电聚苯胺包覆的聚丙烯酰胺/镍基蒙脱土纳米复合材料。实验结果表明,该法制备的聚苯胺/镍基蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(PAn/Ni2 -MMT/PAM)复合材料比盐酸掺杂聚苯胺(HCl-PAn)具有更好的导电性,其电导率最大可达0.10scm-1。并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对该复合材料的结构进行了研究。     

Carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite nanofibers: facile synthesis and chemosensors

An initiator is applied to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite nanofibers for use as high-performance chemosensors. The composite nanofibers possess widely tunable conductivities (10(-4) to 10(2) S/cm) with up to 5.0 wt % single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) loadings. Chemosensors fabricated from the composite nanofibers synthesized with a 1.0 wt % SWCNT loading respond much more rapidly to low concentrations (100 ppb) of HCl and NH(3) vapors compared to polyaniline nanofibers alone (120 s vs 1000 s). These nanofibrillar SWCNT/polyaniline composite nanostructures are promising materials for use as low-cost disposable sensors and as electrodes due to their widely tunable conductivities.     

合成扫速对聚苯胺/碳纳米管材料电容量性能的影响

采用循环伏安法在不锈钢上电化学制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺(CNTs/PANI)复合材料,并研究了不同扫速下(10、20、50、100、200mV/s)碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,复合材料中由于CNTs自身的大比表面积和强的导电率改善了复合物微观结构和导电性能,并且使聚苯胺更易电沉积到CNTs的表面形成核-壳结构,从而增加聚苯胺与电解液的接触机会。并且在扫速为20mV/s时生成的聚苯胺/碳纳米管膜具有导电率高,比容量大的电容性能,在22A/m2的电流密度下充放电测试,测其单电极比容量高达397F/g,远高于纯聚苯胺的比容量205F/g。     

碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料的研究

研究了碳纳米管（CNTs）／环氧树脂复合材料的分散性能及电性能。探讨了碳纳米管的含量、管径和稀释剂的用量对环氧树脂电学性能的影响，并用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其进行表征。结果表明，碳纳米管的分散和含量对环氧树脂的电性能影响很大，而加入碳纳米管能够使环氧树脂由绝缘体变为导体（电阻率〈^10mΩ·cm）。     

碳纳米管/导热硅脂复合材料的导热性能

为了提高导热硅脂的导热性能,本文研究了一种新型的碳纳米管/导热硅脂复合材料。研究结果表明,酯化处理后的碳纳米管有利于其在导热硅脂中的分散,并由此在导热硅脂中形成一个有效的导热网络,达到提高导热硅脂导热性能的目的。     

Synthesis and characterization of new polyaniline/nanotube composites

New polyaniline/nanotube (PANI/NT) composites have been synthesized by “in situ” polymerization processes using both multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 wt.%. Although no structural changes are observed using MWNTs above a concentration of 20 wt.%, the in situ synthesis results in electronic interactions between nanotubes and the quinoid ring of PANI leading to enhanced electronic properties and thus to the formation of a genuine PANI/MWNT composite material. On the other hand, using SWNTs favors the formation of inhomogeneous mixtures rather than of a homogeneous composite materials, independent of the SWNT concentration. X-ray diffraction, Raman and transport measurements show the different behavior of both classes of nanotubes in PANI/NT materials. The difficulties in the formation of a true PANI/SWNT composite are related to the far more complex structure of the SWNT material itself, i.e. to the presence of entangled bundles of SWNTs, amorphous carbon and even catalytic metal particles.     

Synthesis and characterization of SnO-carbon nanotube composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

SnO-carbon nanotube composite was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The electrochemical behavior of the composite using an anode active material in lithium-ion batteries was investigated. It was found that the composite showed enhanced anode performance compared with the unsupported SnO or carbon nanotube (CNT). The capacity fade of the composite electrode was reduced over unsupported SnO or CNT. We attribute the results to the conductivity and ductility of the CNT matrix, and the high dispersion of SnO.     

Preparation and characterization of the graphene–carbon nanotube/CoFe2O4/polyaniline composite with reticular branch structures

A novel graphene–carbon nanotube (graphene–CNT)/CoFe₂O₄/polyaniline composite with reticular branch structures had been fabricated by in situ chemical polymerization method. The textured structures of the as-prepared composites were characterized by the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electromagnetic properties were tested by vibrating sample magnetometer and four-probe conductivity tester. The results showed that the graphene–CNT/CoFe₂O₄/polyaniline composite had the unique reticular branch structures. When the mass ratio of the graphene–CNT/CoFe₂O₄ to aniline was 1:3, the magnetic saturation value of the composite achieved 39.6 emu g⁻¹, and the conductivity reached 1.957 S cm⁻¹. Based on the experimental results, a probable formation mechanism for the unique reticular branch structures was proposed.     

锂二次电池正极--聚苯胺/炭黑导电复合材料的制备与表征

用导电炭黑（C）吸附聚合工艺,以三氯化铁（FeCl3）为氧化剂,在盐酸（HCl）环境中制备聚苯胺/炭黑（PAn/C）导电复合材料.研究了反应时间、氧化剂用量、炭黑用量对复合材料电导率和产率的影响,探讨了炭黑吸附聚合对复合材料颗粒形态和堆积密度的改进以及聚苯胺复合正极膜作锂二次电池正极的电化学性能的影响,运用红外光谱（FT-IR）、SEM、四探针及电化学测试仪对其进行了测试和表征.     

Mechanical and electrical properties of polycarbonate nanotube buckypaper composite sheets

The thermogravimetric, mechanical, and electrical properties of composite sheets produced by infiltrating single-wall carbon nanotube films (also known as 'buckypapers') with polycarbonate solution were characterized. The composite sheets showed improved stiffness and toughness, while the electrical conductivity decreased, as compared to a neat buckypaper. In addition, polycarbonate/buckypaper composite sheets showed higher resistance to handling and processing damages. Experimental results suggest the viability of the infiltration process as a means to toughen buckypapers and to fabricate polymer/carbon nanotube composites having high nanotube concentration and controlled nanotube structure.     

碳纳米管的加入对PMMA强度和导电性能的影响

本文研究了ＰＭＭＡ与碳纳米管的原位复合过程、复合体强度及电学性能，结果表明，碳纳米管与ＰＭＭＡ原位复合时，将参与ＭＭＡ的链式聚合反应，这不仅影响了ＭＭＡ的聚合过程和复合体的强度，而且影响了碳纳米管在基体ＰＭＭＡ中的分散度。适当推迟碳纳米管的加入时间，将提高ＰＭＭＡ的强度，碳纳米管的加入也将提高ＰＭＭＡ的导电性能。