基于产能的面向交货期的供应链协同定价决策模型

以一个供应商和制造商组成的两级供应链系统为研究对象,根据交货期影响供应链定价的特点,以企业收益最大为目标,建立基于产能的面向交货期的供应链协同定价决策模型,分析了供应商如何根据自身的交货期和产能来确定产品的最适售价。通过数值分析,论证模型的有效性。此模型可以为供应链协同企业如何根据自身的产能来决策交货期和定价提供有益的指导。     

An AHP model for selection of suppliers in the fast changing fashion market

In the fast-changing fashion market, being flexible and adaptive is a key to survival. Therefore, supply chain strategy like quick response is important in the fashion or textile industry. Selection of suppliers to support such strategies is thus one of the most critical activities, but is not well studied. Traditionally, suppliers are selected usually based on quantity requirement and cost, which are not the only important issues in the operation of a textile supply chain nowadays. This study presents an example on solving the supplier selection problem in the apparel industry by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which takes the operational performance (for example, flexibility, cost, and delivery) into account for supporting supply chain strategies. The system was implemented with the aid of the commercial software package Expert Choice. Based on the results from the AHP model, benefits of implementing quick response in apparel supply chains can also be verified.     

基于质量追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制机制设计

考虑最终产品制造商作为面向订单装配系统的供应链核心企业,并采用质量追溯对零部件供应商进行质量控制,建立了基于质最追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制模型,并对模型进行了理论及数值仿真分析,得出了最终产品制造商的最优质量控制机制,包括零部件采购价格、供应商赔偿系数和利润转移最等.研究表明,当零部件供应商的保留收益较小时,最终产品制造商可以设计出合理的零部件采购价格和供应商赔偿系数,使供应商在自利行为驱使下按制造商设定的质量水平提供零部件;当零部件供应商的保留收益较大时,则需要设计利润转移机制,以修正质量控制机制,促使供应商自愿选择其要求的质量水平,最大化最终产品制造商的利润.     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

大规模定制环境下供应链实施延迟生产的成本优化模型

为成功实施延迟生产以实现供应链成本的优化,大规模定制环境下供应链各节点企业需要紧密协作.针对一条包括制造商和供应商两个节点企业的供应链.建立了大规模定制环境下供应链实施延迟生产的成本优化模型.以最小化供应链生产成本为目标,研究了供应商对客户订单分离点决策的影响,以及大规模定制环境下供应链实施延迟生产时客户订单分离点的最佳位置,指出决策客户订单分离点时应考虑供应商成本.最后,对该生产成本优化模型进行了仿真.     

基于Supply-Hub的两源供货横向协同策略研究

在装配制造供应链中,为了避免供应中断的风险,制造商往往向多个供应商采购相同的零部件,即采用多源供货方式。近年来,随着越来越多的装配制造企业采用准时制(Just in time,JIT)方式进行生产运作,Supply-Hub模式作为一种有效支持JIT运作的供应物流运作模式,在装配制造供应链中也逐渐得到了广泛应用。Supply-Hub不仅是供应链中零部件物流的枢纽节点,更重要的是,它还起到信息集中平台的作用,掌握各方供应商的库存和补货信息,这使供应相同零件的供应商之间实现横向协同运作成为可能。目前,虽然已有较多关于多源供货问题的研究文献,但仍还没有文献涉及供应同种零件的供应商之间横向协同的问题。基于Supply-Hub模式,通过数学建模分析,研究一种两个供应相同零件的供应商利用Supply-Hub,在横向共享库存信息条件下的协同补货策略,并通过算例对该协同补货策略的有效性进行验证分析。研究结果表明,运用横向协同补货策略,在不降低系统服务水平的情况下,可以明显降低供应链系统的总成本。     

无缺陷退货问题的建模与供应链协作

针对供应链中无质量缺陷的退货问题,建立了单个制造商和零售商构成的分散决策模型,模型中考虑了零售商宣传咨询对于顾客需求和退货率的影响.给出了该模型中零售商的最优订货策略和最优宣传咨询努力水平的上界.分析了零售商缺乏宣传咨询投入的原因,为实现无质量缺陷退货的供应链协作优化,提出了一种制造商承担部分宣传咨询投入成本的分担策略.数值仿真结果表明,恰当的分担比例可以同时提高制造商和零售商的收益,提高供应链绩效.     

风电整机厂商的供应商评估与选择

供应商评估与选择是风电整机制造厂商供应链管理的关键环节,对提高风力发电机组的质量,缩减制造成本起着不容忽视的作用。当今风电行业竞争的焦点正逐步由企业间的竞争转化供应链之间的竞争,为了提高零部件供应商的可靠性,整机制造厂商需要对零部件供应商进行科学、客观地评估,以便做出正确的供应商选择决策。     

Supply coordination based on bonus policy in assembly under uncertain delivery time

The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.     

利用作业成本法进行供应商的选择与评价

现代管理思想的采用和全球竞争的加剧,促使越来越多的企业将自己的非核心业务实行外包,并建立和维持长期稳固的采购供应商关系,采用科学的方法对供应商进行评价、选择和组合至关重要,传统的供应商评价和选择方法具有主观性过强等缺点,利用作业成本法可以有效地克服这些缺点,本文在简要叙述作业2成本法的基本概念的基础上,详细分析了对供应商进行评价和选择时采用作业成本法的一般模型,计算实例,分析了作业成本法在评价和选择供应商方面的适用条件;最后,分析了基于作业成本法的供应商评价和选择的决策支持系统的一般框架。     

季节性商品两级供应链契约设计与协调模型研究综述

在季节性商品销售环境下,讨论了单节点成员两级供应链契约设计与协调模型研究状况。在此基础上,讨论了多供应商对单零售商、单供应商对多零售商、多供应商对多零售商等不同供应链结构下的契约设计与协调模型研究现状。综述了复杂决策环境对契约设计与供应链协调的影响。总结了目前的研究现状,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

不确定交货时间下基于BOM下线结算的供应链协同供货

构建了交货时间不确定且需求价格时间敏感下基于物料清单下线结算的两供应商—单制造商协同供货模型。在对问题进行相关描述和假设后,分析了不考虑协同供货的供应链收益决策模型,并对供应商和制造商的最优决策进行了分析,然后对考虑协同供货的供应链收益模型进行了分析并推导出最优解的性质。数例分析比较了不考虑协同供货和考虑协同供货两种决策模式下的供应链收益和最优解的差异。结果表明,考虑协同供货决策的供应链收益要明显大于不考虑协同供货决策的供应链收益,而考虑协同供货决策下制造商的产品最优销售价格和供应商的最优协议提前期均小于不考虑协同决策。     

Economical delivery strategies of products in a JIT system under a global supply chain

This study supplies an optimal total cost model, including approach I and approach II, to manufacturers with several assemblers in the same area to decide the most economical product delivery strategy in the global just-in-time (JIT) system. In approach II, manufacturers deliver products to downstream assemblers via a JIT system with third party logistics (3PL) support. There is a distinction between approach I and approach II according to whether or not the delivery quantity is limited to economical delivery lot size. A case study analysis is used to illustrate the proposed models, in which the following conclusions can be obtained. Firstly, the JIT product delivery strategy according to economical delivery lot size can be obtained to achieve a cost-effective global supply chain. Second, upstream manufacturers can apply a JIT system under a global supply chain to downstream manufacturers with lower cost through support from 3PL with economical delivery lot size.     

基于改进AHP的多供应商选择问题研究

针对供应链管理环境下的多供应商选择的多目标问题，考虑了采购量折扣和供应商能力约束。在应用粗糙集理论的基础上，对传统AHP进行了改进，量化了定性因素，建立了以价格、质量和服务为目标函数，以供应能力、及时运送等为约束条件的多目标混合整数规划模型，采用最大权值，最优化方法得到问题的最优解，仿真实例验证了该模型与求解方法是现实可行的。     

基于改进粒子群算法的供应商参与可靠性设计优化

研究供应商参与下的汽车产品子系统可靠性设计的优化问题,考虑供应商参与产品设计的可信度因素,建立以最大化系统的可靠度和供应商的可信度为优化目标的多目标数学规划模型。通过加权的方法把多目标优化模型转化为单目标非线性整数规划模型。采用粒子群(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法进行求解,提出适用于“零部件—供应商”关系的离散粒子编码方法。设计带有自适应动态惩罚项的适应度函数,把优化问题转化为无约束优化问题,并将粒子的搜索范围扩展到近可行解空间,进而较好地改进了算法的搜索速度和收敛性能。以某中级轿车传动系统零部件可靠性设计的优化问题为实例,进行仿真研究,应用质量功能展开和模糊评判的方法生成了零部件的权重和供应商可信度初始数据值,仿真结果验证了所提出PSO算法的实用性和有效性。     

改进蚁群算法在采购供应链组建中的应用

以电梯企业为背景,研究了采购供应链中多供应商选择问题,建立了以成本、质量、交货及售后服务等9项评价指标为目标的多目标采购优化数学模型,并采用层次分析法和改进的蚁群算法相结合的多目标规划方法对该模型进行求解,得到一组最优的供应商组合。最后,通过一个算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于本体与多Agent的可靠供应链网络设计模型

针对供应链环境下的分布性、不确定性和动态性特征,基于本体与多Agent技术,构建了一种集成多种智能算法的可靠供应链网络设计模型。通过服务本体实现成员企业服务发布与发现,通过工作流本体实现订单任务动态分解,综合采用投招标策略和可靠性优化策略,实现可靠供应链网络的最优设计。其中,优化Agent由投标企业可靠性评估机制、目标可靠性预测机制以及基于可靠性的任务分配机制构成。通过一个应用实例验证了系统的可行性与有效性。     

基于交货期窗口约束的多级供应链批量调度问题研究

为解决三级供应网络中供应商和制造商的加工任务顺序优化和合理性问题,建立了交货期窗口约束下供应商与制造商协同决策的批量调度模型.以最小化供应链的物流和交付总成本为目标,综合考虑了供应商与制造商的库存成本、运输成本和未按期交付的惩罚成本.提出了采用两级遗传算法和两级编码的模型求解算法.通过一个仿真算例,验证了调度模型和求解策略的可行性.     

弹性需求下带有分摊运费的供应链协调策略

研究了弹性需求条件下,由单一零售商和单一供应商组成的两级供应链的协调订货问题.该协调运用了共同补给期和分担运输费用的双重策略,分别从订货周期及年需求量的角度协调供应链订货.在Stackelberg博弈的框架下,首先从实际出发,引入了零售商最优转让折扣率,再从供应商的角度建立了协调模型,然后讨论了求解算法,并利用数值试验方法,通过仿真研究说明了该协调策略的有效性和可行性.     

不确定条件下的多供应商—单制造商同步供货模型研究

装配式生产系统尽管已经在汽车、电子等众多行业中得到了广泛应用,但如何协调供应商之间及时、同步地供货依然是这类系统中存在的一个难题。以装配系统为研究对象,建立两供应商对单制造商的准时供货模型。在制造商采取货齐付款方式的前提下,考虑当每个供应商的供货时间均不确定时,供应商和制造商应如何进行相应的生产及要货时间决策。通过与系统在集中模式下的决策进行对比,找到供应链协同运作的必要条件。研究不仅考虑供应商与制造商之间的纵向博弈问题,而且研究供应商之间的横向博弈问题。研究结果表明,在货齐付款的结算方式下,供应商和制造商能采取最优的时间决策以最小化自身成本,并且供应链整体服务水平无论在集中决策还是分散决策下均保持不变。