绿色电源：太阳能电池

太阳能电池是利用光伏技术(PV)制作,直接将太阳能转变为电能,具有应用方便,不需要燃料,无气体排放,无任何污染,不会破坏生态环境,可再生等特点,对解决当前日益严重的能源短缺与环境污染问题有着重要的意义。     

太阳能电池及其设备

以太阳能电池为代表的光伏产业是朝阳产业,目前它处在历史上最大爆炸式的成长期。2007年全球光伏产业市场212亿美元,2012年增长至709亿美元,2007～2012年年均复合增长率27.31%。目前太阳能电池处于以单晶或多晶硅为衬底的第一代产品,正在向以硅体或非晶硅(隐瓷或玻璃)为衬底的薄膜太阳能电池(第二代产品)过渡。目前太阳能电池的原材料多晶硅处于供不应求,预计2010年可得到缓得。     

太阳能电池即将进入普及期

上世纪70年代,因中东石油危机促进了太阳能电池的研究和开发。受一些系统条件制约,经过30多年的发展,太阳能电池仍不能作为普遍供电的主要手段。随着节能减排和绿色经济的兴起,作为新兴能源的太阳能越来越受到人们的重视。相     

太阳能电池费用接近于普通电能

几种光伏技术制作方法的进展正在降低制造商品化光伏组件的成本,同时也创造了光伏光电池效率的新记录。光伏光电池组件本身相对于它所产生的电能必须低成本。正如许多商业化生产制造商正在扩大他们的产量一样,制造技术的推进已使美国主要制造商的光伏组件成本降低了约三...     

太阳能电池的种类

介绍了太阳能电池的种类,并重点对单晶硅、多晶硅和非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的制备和结构特点进行了介绍。     

2008年中国太阳能电池产业回顾与展望

2008年受金融风暴的影响,全球经济正在经历一个困难的寒冬。近几年保持高速增长的中国太阳能电池产业也感受到一丝寒意。尽管如此,2008年中国太阳能电池产业依旧受到业内厂商和投资者的青睐。2008年中国太阳能电池产量有望突破2000MW,相比2007年中国太阳能电池产业依旧保持较高的增长速度（见图1）。     

薄膜晶体硅太阳能电池的潜力

如果效率和成本目标能够实现，薄膜晶体硅太阳能电池有潜力替代目前在光伏市场上占主导地位的多晶硅太阳能电池。     

2009年太阳能电池产量将增长56％

历经2008—2009年剧烈变化．太阳能电池产业正进入一个在政策导向、市场需求、技术演进与供应链均重新出发的全新时期。DisplaySearch于日前正式宣布发行DisplaySearch一份太阳能产业研究报告，该报告表示，尽管当前面对的是可再生能源项目需求减少。信贷市场紧缩和全球经济衰退，但是，2009年太阳能电池产量将增长56％。报告预测，电池制造能力今年将达到170亿千瓦，到2013年将超过420亿千瓦，增长率为49％。     

耳机用太阳电池

日本产业技术综合研究所开发了一种用无内装电池的耳机可听到声音和声音向导系统(图A～C).它把声音变换成光信号,接收光的太阳电池发出的电流直接传给耳机,再恢复为声音.该系统具有识别用户的移动和暗号的双向性.可以说这是一个实现不用电池的无线信息环境的典型例子.     

Solar photovoltaics: Trends and prospects

Key areas in the development of photovoltaic methods of solar energy conversion, which open up wide prospects for semiconductor solar energy conversion, are discussed. The article focuses mainly on photovoltaic cells based on III-V heterostructures, primarily on cascade solar cells, which provide the highest efficiency of solar energy conversion and are produced by high-tech methods such as MBE or MOCVD. It is shown that the use of intermediate sunlight concentration makes the area of solar cells smaller and, hence, lowers their cost proportionally to the sunlight concentration ratio.     

安全管理无边界

近几年来,企业的信息安全意识有了明显的提升,但普遍存在着这样一种现象:国内的大多数企业仍然局限在信息安全的边界(即:防病毒、防火墙和入侵检测)上,他们认为边界内的所有信息是安全的,于是把信息安全     

Solar home system battery and charge regulator testing

Laboratory testing procedures for solar home system batteries and charge regulators are proposed, as a follow up to the Universal Technical Standard for Solar Home Systems, presented in 1998. Procedures, definition and selection of instrumentation have paid particular attention to simplicity, in order to facilitate their application not only in sophisticated laboratories of industrialised countries, but also in local environments and laboratories of developing countries. On the other hand, test results from a measurement programme performed on 8 different batteries and 20 different charge regulators are presented and discussed. Finally, a review for up‐dating the technical standard is presented, based on field and laboratory experience. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recent progress and future prospects of high-entropy materials for battery applications

<正>Due to the energy crisis caused by limited fossil fuel reserves,extensive use of the renewable energy sources such as wind or solar energy is deemed to replace the use of traditional fossil fuels in the future^[1-3].However,most renewable energy sources face the same problem,which is the intermittency of energy.For example,solar energy cannot be utilized at night.That means the continuous energy demand required for large-scale power grids can’t be satisfied by a single solar p...     

Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings

An intelligent battery equalization scheme based on fuzzy logic control is presented to adaptively control the equalizing process of series-connected lithium-ion batteries. The proposed battery equalization scheme is a bidirectional dc-dc converter with energy transferring capacitor that can be used to design the bidirectional nondissipative equalizer for a battery balancing system. Furthermore, it can be designed as a ripple-free converter for improving the input current distortion of the battery charge supply power system. A fuzzy-logic-controlled strategy is constructed with a set of membership functions to prescribe the cells equalizing behavior within a safe equalizing region for rapid cell voltage balancing. The simulation and experimental results show the advantage of the predicted equalizing performance of the lithium-ion battery stacks. The proposed fuzzy logic control battery equalization controller can abridge the equalization time about 32%. The proposed method maintains safe operation during the charge/discharge state in each lithium-ion cell of the battery strings.     

Optical telecommunications-future prospects

Optical technology is already the dominant carrier of global information. It is also central to the realisation of future networks which have the capabilities demanded by society. For example, essentially unlimited bandwidth to convey services of any kind, full transparency that allows terminal-only upgrades in capacity, and flexible routeing of channels are some of the key features that cannot be provided by alternative technologies. In the main, all of the necessary elements for such networks already exist in experimental form, and rapid progress is being made towards a field deployment capability. This will bring about a paradigm change in the whole nature of telecommunications as we move into the third millennium     

用于大功率锂电池组的电池管理设计

基于锂的电池化学材料在大功率工业和交通运输系统中正在迅速取代铅酸和镍氢金属(NiMH)材料.不过,锂化学材料在能量和功率密度方面的优点被电池管理电路更高的复杂性抵消了.在这些"下一代"电池管理系统(BMS)中,开发人员需要应对非常具有挑战性的设计限制.他们必须在严酷的噪声环境中,在宽温度范围内和存在几百伏共模电压的情况下,以非常高的精确度测量每节电池的电压.     

像纸一样的新型电池

传统的电池由三部分构成:由正离子和负离子组成的电解液、用不同材料做成的两个电极,供正离子和负离子以相反方向通过的隔膜.要想把这种电池制作得体积更小、更有柔性是非常困难的,主要是因为无法把上像一片纸一样的新型电池面所说的各部分汇集到一种很薄的材料里.