应用烧结金属过滤介质的过滤技术进展

介绍了使用烧结金属过滤介质的过滤技术的进展情况。内容涉及过滤器的设计及其性能测试,介质选择以及烧结金属过滤介质过滤器的应用实例。     

箱体式低压真空等离子体表面处理在非织造过滤产品上的应用

介绍了低压真空等离子体技术及表面处理设备。经等离子体涂层处理的过滤介质可用于不同气体和液体的过滤,如汽车用空气过滤、柴油过滤、血液过滤以及制成具有99%渗透效率的口罩和永久亲水性的电池隔膜等。     

控制臭氧量 提高过滤效率

<正>静电型空气净化器由电离装置、集尘装置、送风机和电源等部件构成,是采用带有强化电极和自带静电的吸附滤板或材制成的净化器,通过正负相吸的原理,把灰尘吸附在集尘板上。这种产品的过滤器阻力小,运行电费减少,运行的噪声也比较低,但其净化效果达不到采用HEPA过滤器的效率,对0.3微米粒径颗粒     

几种过滤材料的性能

随着现代工业技术的发展,对空气的净化过滤技术提出了更高的要求。近年来,纺织系统对除尘设备的应用越来越广泛,除尘型式也越来越多,在实际选用时,要根据生产情况,含尘空气特性,以及所要求的空气净化程度等因素全面考虑。现已研制成的回转式过滤器和自动卷绕式过滤器的特点是:处理风量大,容尘量大,除尘效率高,阻力低,再生性能好。但上述性能的好坏,过滤材料起主要作用,直接影响整个设备的净化效果,动力消耗和维护费用。早期使用     

行业动态

世界非织造过滤材料市场发展据报道 ,目前世界用于各种过滤用途的非织造布过滤介质的销售量达到 1 5亿美元 ,其中美国的销售量最大 ,约占世界总量的 50 % ,其次是欧洲。过滤器介质的很多传统材料已由新型的非织造布介质或复合型介质所取代 ,如由湿法成网非织造布或复合非织造布取代原来在汽车发动机过滤器上使用的纤维素滤纸、含活性炭粒子的非织造布介质取代原车箱内空气净化器用的颗粒过滤器等。在亚洲 ,以日本的过滤市场较为成熟 ,它在垃圾焚烧用途上采用等离子技术取得了很好的效果。其它亚洲国家 ,如中国、韩国、印度尼西亚、新加坡、…     

空气过滤材料用聚烯烃原纤化纤维的研究

文章采用机械开纤法制备了空气过滤材料用聚烯烃原纤化纤维。通过实验确定了制备聚烯烃原纤化纤维最优的加工工艺:热拉伸温度为160℃、一次拉伸比为4、二次拉伸比为2、开纤比为3.0、针密度为75针/cm、热定型温度为220℃。后将原纤化纤维制成了性能良好的高效低阻空气过滤材料,其可应用于个人呼吸防护、空气过滤器、真空吸尘器、汽车空气净化、室内空气净化等诸多领域。     

卷烟厂节能自清洁型空气过滤系统的研制

为解决卷烟车间空气中粉尘浓度大及空调系统中过滤器存在的阻力高、维护量大等问题,基于粉尘粒径的分布特性,设计了一种节能自清洁空气过滤系统。该系统主要由过滤器、清洗装置、PLC控制柜3大部分构成。采用不锈钢纤维毡作为滤料,将过滤器单元采用模块化结构设计,安装在矩形立槽式支架上,以增加空气过滤面积;在线自动清洗机构采用空调机房的自来水,经喷嘴形成扇型的高压水流,对过滤器单元表面和内部粉尘进行清理。测试结果表明:该系统容尘量大,过滤效率高于70%,过滤初阻力在32~166 Pa之间;实现了系统在线自动清洗功能,降低了运行能耗及维护费用,有效提高了空气过滤效率。     

纳米纤维基气凝胶在空气过滤领域应用的研究进展

为促进三维纤维空气过滤材料的发展,针对现有二维纳米纤维滤材堆积结构不可控、容尘量小和稳定性差等问题,通过分析国内外相关文献,系统介绍了纳米纤维基气凝胶的基本特点、制备方法和功能修饰,归纳总结了现阶段天然高聚物和合成高聚物两大类纳米纤维基气凝胶在空气过滤领域的应用研究,阐述了纳米纤维基气凝胶可作为过滤器核心介质的优势,分析了气凝胶结构和聚合物功能化技术对过滤材料综合性能的影响。指出当前纳米纤维基气凝胶滤材在实际应用中面临的问题,提出应重点提高材料的过滤性能和循环使用性,强化对不同空气污染物的过滤或吸附能力等。     

过滤介质防霉试验有效性的研究

过滤介质防霉试验有效性的研究有关阻燃，高效过滤器和过滤介质防霉军用技术标准（ＭＩＬ—Ｆ５ｌＧ７９Ｄ．４．２．４４，１９８５年３月１４日）规定，按照美国５７５０，ＮｏＩＧＩ试验方法进行过滤介质的试验。用超细玻璃纤维生产高效粒子空气过滤纸进行该项试验再三...     

混合纤维过滤介质

混合纤维过滤介质高性能空气过滤器的基本功能是最大限度地除去尘粒，同时能保持可以被接受的压力降。通过使用微纤维，可提高传统纤维介质过滤器的效率。这些纤维可以紧密地分布以使纤维间的孔隙减小，进而提高纤维阻断尘粒通过的可能性。实际上，过滤器的压力降会不断持...     

中国非织造过滤材料生产和应用的现状与发展

1999年中国非织造布产量 32万t,其中约有 1 3万t用于过滤和相关用途 ,约有 80 %的非织造滤料用针刺法生产 ,品种较全。非织造滤料主要用于工业废气排放的处理、空气洁净化处理和工业过滤。预计今后 5年～ 10年内非织造滤料年增长速度超过 10 % ,2 0 10年产量在 3万t～ 4万t之间 ,非织造滤料用量将超过纺织滤料 ,成为滤料的第一大品种。     

汽车滤清器非织造过滤材料的开发

根据汽车滤清器的使用要求试制开发了复合型非织造空气过滤材料。通过对原料、工艺及不同过滤材料的对比进行了分析和探讨。试验证实了复合型非织造过滤材料达到了汽车滤清器的要求并满足了国内外客户的愿望。     

Pulsed forward flushes as a novel method for cleaning spent grains-loaded filter cloth

This paper presents a novel method to remove spent grains efficiently from filter cloths via pulsed forward flushes. In breweries, mash filters separate liquid wort from solid spent grains, a by-product. These mash filters use woven fabrics made from synthetic materials as filter media. However, rough filter surfaces often hinder the cleaning process. Concerning modern hygienic design principles, filter cloths are only designed for efficient filtration performances, in which cleanability is not considered. Hence, in combination with strongly adhesive spent grains, brewers often reject mash filters. The paper illustrates an experimental parameter variation and a comparison of pulsed with continuous cleaning in respect to their cleaning performance. The results showed that the proposed method is suitable, reaching up to 30% higher cleaning degrees than conventional methods. Furthermore, the technique required up to 50% fewer cleaning fluids and shorter cleaning times, indicating economic and ecological advantages.     

针织长毛绒空气过滤材料过滤性能的研究

针对纺织车间粉尘的特点,参照国家标准GB 12218—1989和欧洲标准EN779:2002,建立过滤材料过滤性能测试装置,对针织长毛绒空气过滤材料以及针刺和熔喷非织造空气过滤材料的过滤性能进行了测试与分析。研究表明:针织长毛绒空气过滤材料更适用于纺织车间的除尘和回风过滤,其绒毛平均长度和直径对过滤性能的影响显著,而基布横密对过滤性能的影响不大。     

Effects of porosity gradient of multilayered electrospun nanofibre mats on air filtration efficiency

Performance of the nanofibrous filter media is determined by fibre diameter and pore size distribution of the membranes. In this study, an attempt is made to fabricate a nanofibrous multi-scale filter media by simply varying the layer-by-layer-assisted stacking structure and composition of individual fibres within the single layers. These structural controls of the filter membrane helped to form a skeletal frame-worked membrane with controlled filtration efficiency and pressure drop aerosol particle filtration application. Altering the right electrospinning parameters, layering structure of the membrane resulted in changes in average fibre diameter and pore size distribution, especially in the middle layer of media, while a gradient in pore size and its distribution was created. The results of measurements of pressure drop and filtration efficiency indicated that by changing the gradient in pore size and its distribution in the middle membrane, keeping other layers constant, the pressure drop and filtration efficiency can be effectively tuned. The results suggested that this developed filter media could be used as promising materials for a variety of potential applications in high efficiency particulate air filters with tunable characteristics.     

Long duration tests of room air filters in cigarette smokers' homes

Information regarding the long-term performance of stand-alone room airfilters is limited. In this study, laboratory and field tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness and performance of room filters that are easily deployed in essentially any type of house. Tests were conducted in houses containing strong PM sources, specifically cigarette smokers. Using commercially available four-speed HEPA filter units, we tested flow rate, pressure drop, and power consumption as a function of fan speed and filter loading. Filters were then deployed in four single-family homes over a 2 month period. Between 15 and 40 cigarettes were smoked daily by several smokers in each home. Occupants were instructed to continuously operate the unit at one of the higher speeds. Periodically, we monitored filter usage, fan speed, particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, PM number concentrations, volatile organic compound (VOC) levels, and other parameters with the filter fan operating and with filters both installed and removed. The filters decreased PM concentrations by 30-70%, depending on size fraction and occupant activities, and significantly reduced the half-life of PM3-1.0. The half-life of 1-5 microm particles, CO2 concentrations, and VOC concentrations, including 2,5-dimethyl furan (a tracer for environmental tobacco smoke), did not change, indicating that occupancy and cigarette smoking intensity did not change overthe monitoring periods. Occupants generally kept the filters operating at a moderate speed. Filter air flow rates decreased 7-14% with extended operation, largely due to the loading of prefilters. Air exchange rates, deposition loss rates, and clean air delivery rates were estimated from the field data. Continuous operation at an intermediate fan speed would incur a total annualized cost of $236. While acceptance of the filters was very high, occupants might benefit from instructions and reminders to clean the prefilter and to keep the unit on. We conclude that adequately sized room air filters can substantially lower PM concentrations in smoker's homes if air exchange rates are limited and that the filters can maintain their performance over extended periods.     

新型固定盖板的工艺试验与研究

为证明在国产普通梳棉机上减少活动盖板，增加固定盖板根数及加装棉网清洁器是其向高产改造发展的方向，通过分析新型固定盖板结构形式（包括根数）并结合纺纱厂对生条、成纱的各项指标试验对比，说明将活动盖板减少到84根左右，后固定盖板增加棉网清洁器时普通梳棉机能在保证原有成纱质量的前提下提高台时产量。     

制浆工段的一种新型节能设备——Twister除渣器

Twister除渣器是水力旋流除渣技术的一个新概念,即在1支除渣器壳体内,包含有合并为1个单元的3支正向除渣器,依靠注入中段稀释水的专利技术,形成上、下锥体的两段除渣。与传统除渣器进浆浓度1%时相比,在获得相同或更好的净化效率的前提下,Twister除渣器的进浆浓度可达2%,以此达到节能50%。同时,与传统除渣器相比,排渣率更低。     

Pulse-jet filtration: An effective way to control industrial pollution Part I: Theory,selection and design of pulse-jet filter

Pulse-jet filtration is described as one of the most efficient technologies in controlling industrial pollution across the world. The monograph provides the fundamental concept of design and development of pulse-jet filters under varied siutations. For successful running of a filter unit, a comprehensive knowledge base as regards a selection of design and development of filter media is essential; thus, this is incorporated in the monograph. I also discuss technical and commerically attractive solutions for successful operation of industries integrated with pollution control equipment maintaining clean air requirements.     

Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment

Cylindrical colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filters for household (point-of-use) water treatment were manufactured and tested for performance in the laboratory with respect to flow rate and bacteria transport. Filters were manufactured by combining clay-rich soil with water, grog (previously fired clay), and flour, pressing them into cylinders, and firing them at 900 degrees C for 8 h. The pore-size distribution of the resulting ceramic filters was quantified by mercury porosimetry. Colloidal silver was applied to filters in different quantities and ways (dipping and painting). Filters were also tested without any colloidal-silver application. Hydraulic conductivity of the filters was quantified using changing-head permeability tests. [3H]H2O water was used as a conservative tracer to quantify advection velocities and the coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used to quantify bacterial transport through the filters. Hydraulic conductivity and pore-size distribution varied with filter composition; hydraulic conductivities were on the order of 10(-5) cm/s and more than 50% of the pores for each filter had diameters ranging from 0.02 to 15 microm. The filters removed between 97.8% and 100% of the applied bacteria; colloidal-silver treatments improved filter performance, presumably by deactivation of bacteria. The quantity of colloidal silver applied per filter was more important to bacteria removal than the method of application. Silver concentrations in effluent filter water were initially greater than 0.1 mg/L, but dropped below this value after 200 min of continuous operation. These results indicate that colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filters, which can be made using primarily local materials and labor, show promise as an effective and sustainable point-of-use water treatment technology for the world's poorest communities.