用牙珐琅电子自旅共振法测定早更新世古人类与石器地点年代的探索

研究了用牙珐琅电子自旅共振测年法测定早更新世古人类和石器地点年代中存在的若干基本问题：（1）指数拟合能否较准确地测定累积剂量;（2）牙珐琅ESR信号的热稳定性;（3）样品中铀加入模式;（4）珐琅中高铀含量对测年的影响。结果认为,对上述因素未完全了解和未做相应校正之前,早更新世牙珐琅的早期细加入ESR年龄很可能只是真实年龄的下限。     

用牙珐琅电子自旋共振法测定早更新世古人类与石器地点年代的探索

研究了用牙珐琅电子自旋共振测年法测定早更新世古人类和石器地点年代中存在的若干基本问题：（１）指数拟合能否较准确地测定累积剂量;（２）牙珐琅ＥＳＲ信号的热稳定性;（３）样品中铀加入模式;（４）珐琅中高铀含量对测年的影响。结果认为,对上述因素未完全了解和未做相应校正之前,早更新世牙珐琅的早期铀加入ＥＳＲ年龄都很可能只是真实年龄的下限。     

人牙釉质中顺磁物质本底分布及其辐射敏感性差异

用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）技术研究了健康成年人牙釉质中顺磁物质本底水平分布特性及其辐射敏感性。结果表明，在１８～４１岁年龄范围内，牙釉中顺磁物质本底水平在不同性别及不同年龄组间没有显著差别；不同个体样品辐照后信号强度的分散度并未增加，说明个体间对同种射线的辐射敏感性差异不大。提示在上述年龄范围内，用异体牙釉作辐射剂量估算是可行的。     

牙化石ESR测年信号特性的研究

用电子自旋共振方法考察了动物牙化石样品测年信号的来源和性质。通过与纯物质的比较和使用正电子湮没技术进行的研究表明牙化石珐琅样品顺磁中心是由ＰＯ４＾３－离子产生的Ｆ中心所形成。     

羟基磷酸钙ESR信号热衰退中的二级动力学过程

人工合成羟基磷酸钙和牙珐琅化石的等温退火实验表明，它们的ＥＳＲ信号的热衰退系一级和二级动力学过程的混合效应。二级衰退常数强依赖于温度。粗测其值在２８０℃时为１０＾－１９ｇ／ｓ量级。二级过程的存在对ＥＳＲ法测早期古人类遗址动物牙化石年龄的影响需进一步研究。     

大型核动力船舶船员剂量评价体系研究

建立船员的剂量评价体系是实现我国核动力商船等发展规划亟待解决的关键技术之一。对船员人数最多、人员编制最复杂和辐射防护涉及面最广的大型核动力船舶开展了研究，提出了大型核动力船舶船员剂量评价体系。该剂量评价体系参照国际辐射防护委员会和国际原子能机构推荐的方法建立，包括基本剂量量、剂量限值和参考水平以及剂量计算和监测3大块，覆盖计划照射和潜在照射2种情况，能够满足前瞻性、实际性和回顾性全部3个阶段的船员剂量评价需求。另外，该剂量评价体系还给出了船员剂量评价的具体方法，如需考虑的辐射源和照射途径，应使用的模型、量和取值等。      

内照射个人剂量数据管理和评价程序

本文介绍一种用于内照射个人剂量数据管理和评价的实用程序（ＩＮＤＯＢＡＳＥ），包括程序的主要功能、数据库结构、内照射剂量估算方法和数据评价方法等。该程序经在２８６以上几种档次微机上运行测试，结果表明，其各项功能达到了设计要求，现已应用于中国原子能科学研究院内照射个人剂量管理工作     

细粒石英前剂量方法

分析了前剂量技术的三种测量方法－多次激活，加剂量法和钉子技术的优缺点，并对细粒石英前剂量方法进行了专门研究。结果表明，细粒石英方法不仅简便，而且减少了多次激活，试验剂量和归一引起的误差，使最小可测年龄降至几十年。     

南京直立人地层的ESR测年研究

用ＥＳＲ方法测得５个采自南京直立人地层化石牙珐琅样年龄的平均值为３５５±４２ｋａ。基于铀早期加入模式的ＥＳＲ测年的合理性为同地层牙化石样和方解石样的不平衡铀系测量所验证。研究结果认为南京直立人在时代上与晚期北京人相当而早于和县直立人。     

染色体畸变分析用于离体模拟与活体局部照射剂量估计的实验研究

用不纯泊松分布方法，分析新西兰兔离体模拟与活体局部照射后的染色体畸变数据，以检验该法用于局部照射事故生物剂量估计的可能性。为此，首先建立了畸变率与剂量的关系曲线，研究了照射对 于受照淋巴细胞进入中其分裂的几率的影响。兔血经＾６＾０Ｃｏγ射线离体照射１－９Ｇｙ后进行两类增养：（ａ）培养纯受照血（ｂ）将７０％的受照血与３０％的正常血混合，培养混合血。实验结果表明：（１）兔血照射后的双着粒畸变率与剂量成     

干盐湖石膏的ESR年龄测定

本文报道了两个钻孔岩芯11个石膏样品的ESR年龄测定结果,并对讯号的选择及数据的可靠性进行了讨论。     

Computational-experimental method of evaluating the measurement error in the fuel-element cladding temperature during the simulation of emergencies

The objective of this work is to develop a computational-experimental method of determining the systematic error in measurements of the temperature of cooled fuel-element cladding using a thermocouple secured along the generatrix of the cladding. A method of nondestructive diagnostics of the quality of the thermal contact of the working end of a thermocouple with fuel-element cladding and the conditions for its heat exchange with the coolant and their effect on the measurement error in the temperature of the cooled cladding is examined. The method is based on thermal probing of a thermocouple by passing a current through the thermal electrodes and recording and processing the responses in the presence and absence of the coolant. A relation is derived for the systematic error with stationary and linearly growing cladding temperature. The experimental and computational results for the systematic errors are presented.     

Evaluation of the systematic error of Monte Carlo calculations of neutron-physical properties using a multiprocessor computer

Algorithms for evaluating the systematic error of Monte Carlo calculations performed using different variants of an approximate solution of a homogeneous neutron transport equation (the method of a constant number of points of division and augmentation, and others), when the number of neutrons per generation is reduced to a number set a priori, are described. A relation for evaluating this error on multiprocessor computers is proposed. The computational results obtained for the systematic error by means of the theoretical relation and experimentally for a full-scale three-dimensional model of a VVER-1000 core are presented. Recommendations for choosing the number of particles per generation which gives an acceptably low error are made.     

Nuclear Science Abstracts of Japan,and English Translation series of Japanese Papers in the Nuclear Field

A theoretical treatment is developed for the adjustment of group cross sections making use of integral data such as critical mass, reaction rate ratio and sample worth ratio obtained from various fast critical experiments. The method of least squares is the usual practice in such treatment. In the present case, however, the total number of integral data available is usually smaller than that of the group cross sections to be adjusted. To overcome this difficulty, the observation equations for applying the least squares treatment are established by using both integral and differential data. In such treatment, the correlation between group cross sections can be easily taken into account. General formulas are presented on two kinds of such correlation, one based on nuclear theory and the other due to relative measurements of the cross sections. The χ²-test for the sum of squares of the residual is used as criterion to judge whether or not group cross sections carry systematic error. If systematic error exists, the sum of squares of the residual has a non-central Chi-square distribution. When the systematic error is included only in the group cross sections and not in the integral data, it is possible to remove this systematic error through use of the method of least squares.     

立式靶丸AFM表面轮廓仪系统精度测试

研制了立式轴系结构靶丸AFM表面轮廓仪,对测量装置的精度进行了系统的测试。针对影响测量结果的不确定性因素,分别从气浮轴系回转误差、系统静态噪声误差以及综合测量误差几个角度开展实验研究。采用标准球及两步回转误差分离法获取了气浮轴系系统误差数据,在实际测量时作为系统误差进行消除。综合测量实验证明,该系统的测量噪声峰谷极差约22 nm,RMS为5.2 nm。     

基于差频检测技术的高速AD单粒子翻转评估方法研究

本文基于差频检测的原理,提出一种在高频动态输入模式下,对高速高精度模数转换器（AD）的抗单粒子翻转效应进行评估的测试方法,并以一款8位3 GSPS高速AD为测试对象,设计开发了一套高速AD单粒子翻转效应测试系统,对目标器件进行了重离子试验。通过对试验结果的图像和错误数据进行分析,评估参试器件的抗辐照性能参数,为抗辐照高速高精度AD的加固设计提供数据支撑。     

同一物理量观测值的处理

在核数据评价和测量中,经常遇到同一物理量观测值的处理。当这些数据在统计学上一致时,很容易用统计方法处理,但存在系统误差时,处理就很困难。本文提出了一个普遍适用的方法。根据这个方法,由给出的系统误差的协方差矩阵,可计算平均值和它的误差。加权平均值、算术平均值、内误差、外误差和算术平均误差只是这个方法的特殊情况。给出的实例表明,这个方法是合理的。     

缝丝法强流离子束发射度测量中系统误差的模拟研究

本文分析了缝丝法测量强流离子束发射度时系统误差的主要来源,并用模拟计算的方法研究了不同误差来源所带来的误差大小。对于rms发射度测量,因缝采样、忽略缝宽和丝直径、以及空间电荷效应所引起的系统误差均可忽视,而短缝采样和设置较大的阈值则会引起显著的系统误差。     

The analysis of the power approximation in thick target PIXE analysis

The analytical approximation for the calculation of the thick target X-ray yields based on the power approximation for the X-ray production cross-section and for the proton stopping power is studied for K lines of the elements 11 ⩽ Z ⩽ 51 and for proton energies 1 MeV ⩽ E₀ ⩽ 4 MeV. A procedure for the determination of best fit parameters is proposed. The systematic mean error and the maximum error for Z ⩾ 6 targets were found to be 0.6% and 2%, respectively.     

SYSTEMATIC ERROR FROM Th/U RATIO IN LUMINESCENCE AND ESR DATING

ＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＴＩＣＥＲＲＯＲＦＲＯＭＴｈ／ＵＲＡＴＩＯＩＮＬＵＭＩＮＥＳＣＥＮＣＥＡＮＤＥＳＲＤＡＴＩＮＧＬｉＳｈｅｎｇｈｕａａｎｄＭａｎ－ＹｉｎＷｏｎｇＴｓｏ（ＲａｄｉｏｉｓｏｔｏｐｅＵｎｉｔ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ，ＨｏｎｇＫ...