白腐真菌-活性污泥联用降解染料废水

建立了白腐真菌生物膜反应器,并对其运行参数进行了调试优化。确定最佳停留时间是3 d,采用白腐真菌-活性污泥系统对模拟染料废水和实际染料废水进行了处理,实验结果证明了白腐真菌-兼氧-好氧工艺的可行性。实际染料废水经白腐真菌-兼氧-好氧系统处理,各阶段停留时间分别为72、16、14 h,最终脱色率达到99.0%,COD去除率为94.4%。     

白腐真菌处理染料废水过程中生物过氧化损伤效应研究进展

综合论述了自由基理论以及在白腐真菌处理废水过程中自由基可能引发的对白腐真菌的毒性,从而影响对废水的处理效果,旨在为以后研究白腐真菌处理染料废水的氧化损伤效应提供参考和依据。     

白腐真菌与染料废水的脱色降解

较详细地介绍了白腐真菌生物技术在染料废水处理中的研究与应用情况，在分析白腐真菌处理染料废水存在问题的基础上提出了可能的解决对策。     

白腐真菌对活性艳红X-3B脱色性能的试验

初步探讨了白腐真菌对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B废水的脱色效果。试验过程在一种特制的白腐真菌生物反应器中进行。试验结果表明培养液的类型、碳源物质的浓度和温度对白腐真菌的脱色能力有重要的影响。培养液类型对染料的脱色效果有显著的影响,试验所用的第一种共培养液不但有利于脱色,而且具有很好的缓冲能力。低浓度碳源试验条件有利于增强和加速对活性艳红X-3B染料的脱色过程。白腐真菌是嗜热真菌,温度较高有利于脱色反应的进行。     

染料废水白腐真菌生物降解新方法探寻

染料废水的脱色处理一直是环境污染防治中一个棘手的难题.目前,已有大量关于白腐真菌降解染料废水的研究.本文综合前人的研究结果,重点分析目前研究较多的浸没式白腐真菌生化反应器所存在的问题.并在此基础上,提出"秸秆吸附-白腐真菌固体发酵"复合工艺降解染料废水,以期能为染料废水的研究提供新的方向.     

染料废水白腐真菌生物降解新方法探寻

染料废水的脱色处理一直是环境污染防治中一个棘手的难题。目前,已有大量关于白腐真菌降解染料废水的研究。本文综合前人的研究结果,重点分析目前研究较多的浸没式白腐真菌生化反应器所存在的问题。并在此基础上,提出“秸秆吸附一白腐真菌固体发酵”复合工艺降解染料废水,以期能为治理染料废水的研究提供新的方向。     

白腐真菌生物接触氧化法处理染料废水实验研究

采用白腐真菌技术与生物反应器相结合——白腐真菌生物接触氧化法处理偶氮染料活性嫩黄K-6G模拟染料废水,考察其对染料废水的脱色效果和COD的降解情况。实验结果表明：该法对染料废水色度去除效果较好,去除率达82％;经Fenton预处理后的染料废水,其COD平均去除率为62％。     

白腐真菌对不同种类直接染料废水的脱色性能研究

试验考察了白腐真菌对直接耐晒大红、直接耐晒黄、直接耐晒果绿3种染料的脱色情况.试验结果表明,白腐真菌对不同种类的染料,色度的去除有不同的效果,对绿色染料的去除效果最好,其脱色率为83.8%:其次是黄色染料,脱色率为78.7%;而最难脱色的是红色染料,仅为35.8%.混合染料更难脱色,黄绿染料的脱色效果较好,脱色率为71...     

细菌纤维素负载白腐真菌处理染料废水

实验中分别采用三种方法固定化白腐真菌处理染料废水.结果表明:细菌纤维素静态吸附法固定化的白腐真菌对甲基橙、刚果红、次甲基蓝和孔雀石绿废水的处理效果最好,对单一染料废水的去除率均达到98％以上,对混合染料废水的色度去除率也达92％以上,且固定化菌反复处理六批染料废水,处理效果未见明显下降.细菌纤维素作为固定化载体还具有生物可降解、固定化操作简单等特点,适合于工业化生产.     

真菌技术在染料脱色及修饰中的应用

通过染料的脱色降解和结构修饰,白腐真菌及其技术为染料工业和印染行业的染料废水的综合治理提供新策略和新方法,成为环境保护的有效工具之一。     

Anaerobic treatment of textile effluents: A review

The treatment of textile waste water is commonly carried out using biological (mainly aerobic) and physico-chemical systems. However, anaerobic bioreactors can be used to at least partially treat these effluents and provide a number of significant advantages. The most attractive feature for the treatment of textile effluents is the decolourisation of many dyes under the reducing conditions present in an anaerobic reactor. Laboratory-scale results on this particular topic are here reviewed. A second major advantage of anaerobic processing is its ability to treat wastestreams with high organic loads such as the effluents from the desizing and scouring operations currently employed in the textile manufacturing industry. Reports on successful, full-scale and pilot-scale plants are also reviewed and some limitations are discussed. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Studies on the possibility of recycling microencapsulated disperse dye‐bath effluents

The volume of water consumed by human beings has increased dramatically in recent years while water supply has remained constant; both demographic growth and the expansion of industrial activity require more water consumption. The textile industry is undoubtedly one of the most pressured industries that need water intensively. Efficient use of water tends to be a crucial subject for the dyeing industry. In this study, melamine resin microcapsules containing pure disperse dyes were prepared by in situ polymerization. The microcapsules were characterized on the basis of structure, morphologies, mean particle size, and size distribution. The dyeing behaviors of microencapsulated disperse dyes (MDDs) were evaluated on polyester fabrics in the absence of auxiliaries. Its effluent can be reused several times after being simply filtered and can be used as solvent for PET fabric scouring. The treated fabrics exhibited satisfactory levelness and fastness properties. MDDs can be used in dyeing PET, without using surfactants, and the effluents can be recycled and reused. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Application of phthalimide-based alkali-clearable azo disperse dyes on polyester and polyester/cotton blends

Phthalimide-based alkali-clearable azo disperse dyes were synthesised and applied to polyester and polyester/cotton blends. These dyes have an alkali-clearable property that enables alkaline treatment to be substituted for conventional reduction clearing. Therefore, by using these dyes, it is possible to avoid generating dyehouse effluents with high BOD values and carcinogenic aromatic amines that may, in some cases, be liberated by reduction clearing. In addition, polyester/cotton blends can be dyed by a one-bath, two-step dyeing method, as alkali clearability enables the disperse and reactive dyes to be used in the same bath. The dyeing behaviour and fastness properties of these dyes have been investigated. In particular, the cross-staining of cotton was studied to estimate the suitability of the dyes synthesised for dyeing polyester/cotton blends.     

Removal of textile dyes in wastewater using polyelectrolytes containing tetrazole groups

Textile dyes are some of the pollutants which have received the most attention because of the large volume of wastewater generated by the textile industry. Removal by means of adsorption is one of the most versatile alternatives to treat these effluents. Even though different adsorbents such as activated carbons and mineral materials have been proposed, polymeric adsorbents are a viable alternative. This work reports for the first time the use of polyelectrolyte PTZ and macroelectrolyte MTZ containing tetrazole groups as adsorbents useful in the textile dyes removal present in aqueous solutions and wastewater. Because of the anionic character of the tetrazole group, MTZ exhibits selective adsorption capabilities for cationic dyes of up to 156.25mg·g^-1. The kinetic study of the process of adsorption shows that PTZ and MTZ fit a pseudo second-order model. MTZ also shows utility as a flocculant agent in the treatment of wastewater containing dyes Indigo Blue and Reactive Black. The results showed that PTZ and MTZ may be used in the treatment of wastewater in a process of coagulation-flocculation followed by the treatment by adsorption. This two-stage treatment removed up to 95% of the dye present in the wastewater. As well as removing the dyes, the values for COD, suspended solids, pH, and color of the wastewater decreased, thus significantly improving its quality.     

Colour in textile effluents – sources,measurement, discharge consents and simulation: a review

This paper aims to review the problem of colour in textile effluents, the different classes of dyes available and their contribution to the problem. Through new regulations, pressure is being placed on water companies all over the world to reduce the amount of colour in sewage effluent. Dyes exhibit low toxicity to mammals and aquatic organisms and therefore colour consents are normally applied for aesthetic and industrial reasons rather than for prevention of toxicity. The absorbance, ADMI values and concentrations of dyes in effluent are examined here with particular reference to reactive azo dyes used in cotton processing. Colour consents, the problem of colour in textile wastewaters and the importance for research in this area are also discussed. Dye concentrations of 0.01 g dm⁻³ up to 0.25 g dm⁻³ have been cited as being present in dyehouse effluent, depending on the dyes and processes used. ADMI values ranged from 50 to 3890 units for the dyeing of cotton. It was concluded that 1500 ADMI units was a reasonable value to aim for when simulating coloured effluents. Simulated textile effluents may be used for research purposes. These should resemble real wastes as closely as possible, but it is often difficult to replicate the ADMI values, absorbance and spectra of real effluents. The concentrations of dye used in simulated effluents examined in literature varied from 0.01 g dm⁻³ to 7 g dm⁻³. As absorbance and ADMI values change with the types of dye used, it is difficult to relate these values to dye concentrations. A concentration of 0.18 g dm⁻³ of a Red or Yellow dye or 0.43 g dm⁻³ of a blue dye would provide an ADMI of approximately 1500 units and fits within the range of dye concentrations presented in literature. A dye mixture simulating colour in a real textile effluent is suggested and some limitations of simulating actual wastewaters discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Alternative Flotation Techniques for Wastewater Treatment: Focus on Electroflotation

During the last decades (dissolved-air) flotation has found several applications in water and wastewater treatment. Flocculation is generally required in advance for a satisfactory separation and a membrane process is often applied downstream. Examples from the literature given in the present review include heavy metals, textile dyes, food, paper industry, oily effluents, laundry wastewaters, sludge etc. and are accompanied by typical laboratory results. Among the used techniques, the process known as electroflotation (or electrolytic flotation), which often incorporates electrocoagulation, was particularly focused in this paper due to certain advantages it offers; this process is certainly suitable for small-scale applications.     

A review of electrochemical treatments for colour elimination

The application of electrochemical techniques as a tertiary treatment to eliminate colour from textile effluents has increased rapidly in the last few years. In general, the dyes are decomposed by partial oxidation. Studies on electrochemical treatments to decolourise various types of dyes are presented. They indicate that these treatments provide good efficiency in colour removal, although they are still under study at pilot-plant scale.     

Equilibrium studies on the adsorption of reactive azo dyes into zeolite

Zeolite was used as a low-cost adsorbent to evaluate its ability to remove color from textile effluents. The zeolit (clinoptilolite) used in this study is a natural clay mineral from the Gbrdes region of Turkey. The adsorption of reactive dyes into zeolite was investigated by a series of batch adsorption experiments. Three reactive dyes (Everzol Black, Everzol Red, Everzol Yellow) were used in laboratory studies. Adsorption test were carried out as a function of solids concentration, conditioning time and dye concentration. The degree of hydrophilicity was found to play an important role in the uptake of reactive dyes. The adsorption results indicated that natural zeolite has a limited adsorption capacity for reactive dyes but can be distinctly improved by modifying its surfaces with quaternary amines. A comparison of natural and modified zeolites at 5% solids concentration indicated that, while the adsorption densities of dyes with natural zeolite yielded negative or slightly positive values, those with modified zeolite gave adsorption densities in the range of 2.9 to 7.6 mg/g.     

Enhancing laccase stability and activity for dyes decolorization using ZIF-8@MWCNT nanocomposite

The continuous use of chemical dyes in various industries, and their discharge into industrial effluents, results in severe problems to human life and water pollution. Laccases have the ability to decolorize dyes and toxic chemicals in industrial effluents as green biocatalysts. Their possible industrial applications have been limited by poor reusability, low stability, and loss of free laccase action. In this research, laccase was immobilized on zeolitic imidazolate framework coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Laccase@ZIF-8@MWCNTs) via metal affinity adsorption to develop an easy separable and stable enzyme. The optimum reaction conditions for immobilized laccase are at a pH of 3.0 and a temperature of 60?℃. The immobilized laccase was enhanced in storage and thermal stability. The results indicated that Laccase@ZIF-8@MWCNTs still maintained 68% of its original activity after 10 times of repeated use. Most importantly, the biocatalytic system was applied for decolorization of different dyes (20?mg·L^?1) without a mediator, and up to 97.4% for Eriochrome black T and 95.6% Acid red 88 was achieved in 25 min. Biocatalysts with these properties may be used in a variety of environmental and industrial applications.     

超分子化学在染料及染色中的应用

综述了染料中超分子化学作用,介绍了超分子化学在染料科学、染料生产和染色中的应用实例。