粉煤灰基矿物聚合物的试验研究

粉煤灰基矿物聚合物是利用粉煤灰在激发剂溶液作用下形成的一种新型胶凝材料.本文研究了各种激发剂在不同浓度时对粉煤灰的激发效果及标准养护和高温养护条件下粉煤灰基矿物聚合物的强度特点.结果表明,碱硅酸盐激发剂溶液的激发效果好;提高养护温度可以显著提高粉煤灰基矿物聚合物的强度.     

粉煤灰-矿渣基矿物聚物的强度影响因素及机理分析

试验以三种不同化学成分的粉煤灰与矿渣组成二元胶凝体系,在碱硅酸盐激发下制备了粉煤灰-矿渣基矿物聚合物.研究了粉煤灰中CaO的含量、形态以及碱硅酸盐激发剂模数对所制备矿物聚合物抗压强度的影响规律,并结合NMR、XRD和SEM等微观测试手段分析了其作用机理.试验结果表明:粉煤灰中非晶态CaO含量越高,粉煤灰-矿渣基矿物聚合物的抗压强度越大;粉煤灰中晶态CaO含量高是导致后期强度倒缩的主要原因;随着碱硅酸盐激发剂模数的增大,粉煤灰-矿渣基矿物聚合物的抗压强度先增大后减小,当激发剂模数为1.2时,抗压强度最大.     

室温碱激发低钙粉煤灰地质聚合物配比试验研究

为得到室温下粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比、水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比和氢氧化钠溶液摩尔浓度对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,以低钙粉煤灰为原料,制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料。采用正交试验方法,分析粉煤灰地质聚合物抗压强度,探讨碱激发剂配比对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,结合SEM、XRD和FTIR对试样进行表征,并对该材料的应力-应变曲线进行了研究。结果表明:粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度随着激发剂掺量的减少而增大,水玻璃在激发剂中的比值与粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度呈现正相关,其中粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比为1.8,水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比为2.5且氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10 mol/L时,120 d龄期的抗压强度可达51.98 MPa。对应力-应变曲线分析得出,在一定程度上,激发剂的掺入量对粉煤灰地质聚合物的破坏应变和弹性模量有较大影响。SEM、XRD和FTIR分析表明随着养护时间增长,胶凝材料体系内结构更致密,生成了更多的硅铝酸盐凝胶。     

偏高岭土—粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备及其性能研究

地质聚合物是一种具有特殊网络结构的新型无机非金属胶凝材料。为了改善地质聚合物的力学性能,采用粉煤灰作为主要原料,液体水玻璃和氢氧化钠作为碱激发剂,将偏高岭土作为填料替代部分粉煤灰,制备了应用偏高岭土的粉煤灰基地质聚合物。对偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地质聚合物进行了扫描电子显微镜、抗折抗压强度以及折压比等表征,研究了偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地质聚合物结构以及强度的影响。结果显示：在粉煤灰基地质聚合物中添加偏高岭土会加快强度的形成,并且提高了粉煤灰基地质聚合物的强度。     

碱激发粉煤灰/钢渣胶凝材料的制备

以低钙粉煤灰和钢渣为主要原料制备碱激发胶凝材料,对比了碱激发粉煤灰和碱激发粉煤灰-钢渣复合胶凝材料的力学性能,研究了原料配比、水玻璃模数和早期养护温度对力学性能的影响,并对比了两种胶凝材料的水化产物.结果 表明,钢渣与粉煤灰质量比为1∶2,水玻璃模数为1.4,早期养护温度为80℃时,复合胶凝材料的抗压强度最高,且优于纯粉煤灰组的强度.钢渣的掺入促进了体系中生成较多的钠系菱沸石,为胶凝材料提供了更高的强度.     

粉煤灰对碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系的作用机理研究

碱激发胶凝材料是以工业固体废弃物为原料制备的一种绿色无机胶凝材料,具有良好的力学性能与耐久性能。粉煤灰因其独特的球体微观结构与其他固废微粉存在本质区别,因此粉煤灰在碱激发胶凝材料体系中的作用机理亟待研究。以矿渣与粉煤灰为原料,利用碱激发剂制备胶凝材料,并对材料进行抗压强度测试,最后采用XRD、FTIR和SEM探究碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系的水化反应机理,研究粉煤灰对矿渣/粉煤灰体系的作用机理。结果表明:外掺3%(质量分数)NaOH作为碱激发剂,水固比为0.4时,随粉煤灰掺量减少,抗压强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势;m(矿渣):m(粉煤灰)为4:1时,28 d抗压强度达到峰值(37.1 MPa)。粉煤灰颗粒在不同龄期形成具有不同反应程度与尺寸的嵌入式微观结构,对材料力学性能起到不利影响;但粉煤灰的活化程度随龄期延长逐渐变大,对后期强度发展有持续贡献。碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系水化产物中含有Friedel盐、托贝莫来石、钙矾石、C-S-H/C-A-S-H凝胶,以及粉煤灰中残留的α石英相。随粉煤灰掺量增加,托贝莫来石生成量减少,钙矾石向Friedel盐转变,钙矾石生成量减少,Friedel盐生成量增多。     

赤泥基胶凝材料的制备与性能研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要胶凝材料,掺入适量激发剂(石灰)和脱硫石膏,制备了性能优异的赤泥基胶凝材料,并优化了配合比,研究了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.研究表明赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量20％,石灰掺量10％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d抗压强度达到3.4 MPa,劈裂抗拉强度达到1.11 MPa.而赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量25％,石灰掺量5％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时,赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d干燥收缩为115×10-6 m,28 d温度收缩在-20～40℃ 范围内最小为40×10-6 m/℃,空气渗透系数为9.79×10-10 cm/s,抗水渗透系数为1.02×10-6 cm/s.研究表明在适量掺加石灰和脱硫石膏,有利于提高粉煤灰的水化,提高结构密实度,提高了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.     

赤泥-碱矿渣水泥及其制品的研究

本文研究了不同碱激发剂对碱矿渣水泥强度的影响,确定了以硅酸钠和石膏作为复合激发剂,且掺量分别为3%和5%时碱矿渣水泥的强度最高,并分析了激发剂的作用机理。同时研究了赤泥对碱矿渣水泥强度的影响,并研究了利用赤泥-碱矿渣水泥作为基本胶凝材料制造的免烧砖和轻质墙体材料的性能。     

地聚合物力学性能主要调控因素的研究综述

地聚合物作为一种新型绿色胶凝材料,影响其力学性能的因素复杂多样.综述了影响地聚合物力学性能的三大主要调控因素:硅铝质原料、碱激发剂和养护制度,并把每种调控因素对力学性能影响规律与原因,结合当前的研究现状得出结论.硅铝质原料主要对比了偏高岭土、粉煤灰和高炉矿渣;碱激发剂从种类的选取、碱当量以及模数进行了比较;养护制度以初期养护时,升高不同的温度和升温时间的影响做出了对比.最后,说明了当前有机聚合物改性地聚合物的一些研究现状.     

NaOH激发粉煤灰基胶凝材料的水化产物

以粉煤灰为原料,NaOH为激发剂,制备出高抗压强度的粉煤灰基碱激发胶凝材料,研究养护条件对粉煤灰基碱激发胶凝材料抗压强度的影响。用x射线衍射分析不同龄期粉煤灰基碱激发胶凝材料的矿物组成,并用带能谱分析的扫描电镜观察不同龄期材料的微观形貌和区域元素组成。结果表明：蒸汽养护可以显著提高材料的抗压强度：粉煤灰中的玻璃相参加材料的水化反应,莫来石、石英等晶相则为惰性物质,不参加反应：在水化过程早期,粉煤灰基碱激发胶凝材料的气孔内会形成钠系菱沸石的前驱体,蒸汽养护1d后长大为表面呈十字交叉状的1pm左右颗粒,随着时间延长,这些颗粒可长至5μm左右,交错重叠充满整个气孔内壁,形成致密的空间网状结构,使材料强度得到提高。     

粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能影响因素研究综述

粉煤灰地聚合物是以粉煤灰为硅铝质原料制备的,具有强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、有效固封金属离子等优点。但它固有的脆性以及需高温养护才能快速获得高强度的特点限制了其运用范围,而以纤维作为增强材料不仅可以提高粉煤灰地聚合物的强度,还可以改善其延性和韧性。本文主要从粉煤灰原料特性、碱激发剂、养护制度和增强材料四方面入手,重点阐述了粉煤灰粒径和化学组成,碱激发剂的种类、用量和模数,升温养护时间和初期养护温度对抗压强度的影响,以及纤维对粉煤灰地聚合物抗压强度和弯曲性能的影响。最后,根据现有的研究成果,对四种影响因素分别是如何影响粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能进行总结。     

富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备与性能表征

以工业固体废弃物富镁镍渣和粉煤灰为原料,以水玻璃和NaOH为碱激发剂,制备了一系列富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物。研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对地质聚合物力学性能的影响,并测定地质聚合物的线性收缩和碱溶出,通过XRD、IR、DTA等手段对产物进行表征。结果表明:富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的强度随粉煤灰的掺入先升高后降低,当掺量为30%(质量分数)时,地质聚合物的抗压强度可达最高值22.15 MPa,较镍渣基地质聚合物强度提高42.2%;XRD分析表明富镁镍渣中MgO以镁橄榄石相存在,而非游离态,故地质聚合物具有良好的体积安定性。     

Thermal behaviour of geopolymers prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing

This article reports a study of thermal stability of properties upon firing at 800-1200 °C of geopolymer materials prepared using class F fly ash and Na and K alkaline activators. Compressive strength and shrinkage measurements, XRD, SEM (BEI), TGA and MIP were utilised in these studies. The materials were prepared at water/binder ratios in a range of 0.09-0.35, using compaction pressures up to 10 MPa and curing temperatures 80 and 100 °C. Thermal stability of the studied geopolymer materials was rather low. In the samples prepared using sodium-containing activators rapid deterioration of strength at 800 °C was observed, which was connected to a dramatic increase of the average pore size. Initially amorphous structures were replaced by the crystalline Na-feldspars. In materials prepared using fly ash and potassium silicate compressive strength was significantly increased on heating, deterioration of strength started at 1000 °C. After firing these materials remained amorphous with reduced average pore size and significantly increased compressive strength. Compaction at 1-10 MPa reduced shrinkage on firing in all materials. Geopolymer materials prepared using class F fly ash and alkaline activators showed high shrinkage as well as large changes in compressive strength with increasing fired temperature in the range of 800-1200 °C. Thus the materials were found unsuitable for refractory insulation applications.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure evaluation of fly ash - Slag geopolymer foaming materials

The existing fly ash-slag foaming geopolymer materials generally have the shortcomings of low fly ash content and low porosity. It is urgent to develop geopolymer foaming materials with high fly ash content and high porosity. Using fly ash and slag as the main raw materials, geopolymer foaming materials were prepared by alkali activation. The effects of activator content and sodium silicate modulus on the macroscopic mechanical properties, pore structures and microstructures of geopolymer foaming materials were studied. The experimental results showed that when the activator content was 21% (wt.) and the modulus of sodium silicate was 1, the specimen exhibited the best performance. The compressive strength of the specimen reached 2.18 MPa at 28 d, the porosity was 63.07%, and the average pore sizes of macroscopic pores were 920 μm. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis showed that when the content of activator was 21% and the modulus of sodium silicate was 1, the reaction grade of the system was the highest, reached 55.12%, meanwhile the main product Sodium silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel produced the largest amount. The fractal dimension calculations showed that the spatial complexity of a specimen with large pores was greater than that of a specimen with small pores. This study can provide a basis for the design of geopolymer foaming materials with high proportion of fly ash and high porosity.     

水热热压法制备地质聚合物

地质聚合物材料是一种新型的环保型无机复合材料,具有性能优越、价格低廉的特点.本研究采用水热热压技术,以粉煤灰、玻璃粉为主要原料,在200℃、8.5MPa的水热热压条件下制备粉煤灰基地聚合物材料.研究了不同碱激发剂的含量、浓度及玻璃粉添加量对材料抗压强度、收缩率的影响.结果表明,粉煤灰与玻璃粉的质量比为2∶1,添加25％的浓度为5 mol/L NaOH溶液时,固化体试样中有纤维状的地聚物生成,材料的抗压强度最高达到103.34MPa.     

Fly Ash Porous Material using Geopolymerization Process for High Temperature Exposure

This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of temperature on geopolymers manufactured using pozzolanic materials (fly ash). In this paper, we report on our investigation of the performance of porous geopolymers made with fly ash after exposure to temperatures from 600 °C up to 1000 °C. The research methodology consisted of pozzolanic materials (fly ash) synthesized with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution as an alkaline activator. Foaming agent solution was added to geopolymer paste. The geopolymer paste samples were cured at 60 °C for one day and the geopolymers samples were sintered from 600 °C to 1000 °C to evaluate strength loss due to thermal damage. We also studied their phase formation and microstructure. The heated geopolymers samples were tested by compressive strength after three days. The results showed that the porous geopolymers exhibited strength increases after temperature exposure.     

Suitability of Sarawak and Gladstone fly ash to produce geopolymers: A physical,chemical, mechanical,mineralogical and microstructural analysis

Two types of fly ash sourced from Sarawak, Malaysia and Gladstone, Australia reflect differences in chemical compositions, mineral phase and particle size distributions. In this paper, the Sarawak fly ash was used to produce geopolymer in comparison to the well-developed Gladstone fly ash-based geopolymer. Characteristics of fly ash and mixtures proportions affecting compressive strength of the geopolymers were investigated. It is found that the variations of both fly ash types on particle size distributions, chemical compositions, morphology properties and amorphous phase correspond to the compressive strength. The results obtained show that after 7 days, geopolymer using Sarawak fly ash has lower compressive strength of about 55 MPa than geopolymer using Gladstone fly ash with strength of about 62 MPa. In comparison with Gladstone fly ash-based geopolymer, it showed that Sarawak fly ash-based geopolymer can be a potential construction material. Moreover, the production of Sarawak fly ash-based geopolymer aids to widen the application of Sarawak fly ash from being treated as industrial waste consequently discharging into the ash pond.     

Influence of new organic alkali activators on microstructure and strength of fly ash geopolymer

The fly ash geopolymer with improved mechanical properties was prepared by a new mixture alkali activator. In this paper, sodium tert-butanol, an organic strong alkali was used as an activator for preparing fly ash geopolymer to improve their mechanical properties. The effect of activator content and type on the macroscopic level of fly ash geopolymer was investigated experimentally by three types of activators: sodium tert-butanol, sodium silicate, and sodium tert-butoxide/sodium silicate mix activator. The microstructure of the fly ash geopolymer was characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) physical adsorption method. The results showed that the new mixture alkali activator prepared by 5% sodium tert-butoxide and 10% sodium silicate improved the denseness and integrity of the microstructure of the fly ash geopolymer. Consequently, the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer are improved. The microscopic results demonstrated that the C–OH in tert-butanol after the hydrolysis of sodium tert-butoxide and Si–OH in the geopolymer can form C–O–Si bonds, forming a more complex three-dimensional network structure. This paper reveals the enhancement mechanism of organic alkali as activators for preparing fly ash geopolymer, and provides support for the subsequent development of organic strong alkali activators.     

偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地聚物砂浆力学性能研究

本研究以偏高岭土和粉煤灰为原料,以不同模数(0.75、1.00、1.25、1.50)和碱浓度(质量分数)(40%、44%、48%)的钾水玻璃为碱激发剂,微珠、蛭石和珍珠岩为细骨料来制备地聚物砂浆试件。主要通过测试地聚物砂浆试件常温及1 000 ℃高温作用后的抗压强度,探明碱激发剂模数和浓度对砂浆试件力学性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM手段对地聚物的物相组成及微观形貌进行表征。结果表明:当碱浓度不变时,除40%碱浓度外,其余试件的抗压强度随模数的增大先升高后略微降低或者基本不变。当模数不变时,除模数为0.75的试件外,其余试件的抗压强度随碱浓度的增大先升高后降低。当模数为1.00且碱浓度为44%时,试件的抗压强度最高,历经1 000 ℃高温后地聚物砂浆试件相对残余强度仍能维持42%及以上,该温度下水化产物为白榴石(KAlSi₂O₆)和钾霞石(KAlSiO₄),地聚物在常温下有大量絮状的水化产物生成且微观结构较为致密。