液氮低温轧制Cu-Ag合金的织构演变和再结晶行为（英文）

对Cu-Ag合金在低温下进行大变形量轧制加工,研究其织构演化特征和力学性能,随后对轧制板材进行热处理,观察其退火行为。结果表明,与常温轧制板所表现的铜型织构不同,低温下轧制板材内的交滑移机制被抑制,而其主要织构特征为黄铜型织构,且板材的抗拉强度和屈服强度均有提高。退火后,低温轧制板内发生原位再结晶,其织构随机分布,而常温轧制板的退火织构主要为立方织构。利用金相和电子背散射衍射手段观察退火前后材料的微观组织,发现低温轧制时板材内动态回复过程被抑制,因而轧制后变形储能较高,退火时,与常温轧制板相比能在较低温度发生再结晶软化行为。     

Ce对铝箔再结晶织构演变规律的影响

以高纯铝箔和不同Ce含量的稀土铝箔为研究对象,运用EBSD技术对高纯铝箔与稀土铝箔冷轧后及不同温度再结晶退火后的织构进行分析,研究再结晶退火过程中织构的演变规律和稀土Ce对铝箔织构的影响。结果表明:轧制总变形率为96%的铝箔,织构以铜型织构、R型织构和一些S织构为主。随最终退火温度的升高,立方织构占有率快速增长。少量稀土元素的加入有利于再结晶退火后立方织构的形成。     

再结晶退火对Mg-1.5Y板材组织、织构及性能的影响

利用十字交叉轧制工艺制备了Mg-1.5Y合金板材,研究了再结晶退火(475℃/15 min)对其微观组织、宏观织构、力学性能及成形性能的影响.结果表明,退火促使轧制板材发生强烈的静态再结晶,形成均匀的等轴晶组织.轧制态板材呈现出近圆形-双峰织构分布特征,(0002)面极点由法向(ND)向轧制方向2(RD2)倾转大约±2...     

不同冷轧路径下ZX21镁合金板材织构及力学性能调控机理

研究轧制路径对ZX21镁合金板材织构分布和屈服各向异性的影响。结果表明:单向轧制板材形变织构为双峰基面织构,退火后呈现出垂直于冷轧方向分布的非基面双峰的织构特征。再结晶织构的分布与晶粒的定向形核和选择性长大有关,多向轧制可弱化晶粒取向分布的方向性,其晶粒尺寸相比单向轧制有所减小,退火后形成均匀分布的圈状织构,大幅降低沿轧面各个方向拉伸时基面滑移的施密特因子差异,改善板面内的力学性能各向异性,提高板材的成型性。     

无磁性强立方织构Cu_(60)Ni_(40)合金基带的制备和性能

采用轧制辅助双轴织构技术(RABi TS)制备了无磁性强立方织构的Cu60Ni40合金基带。对Cu60Ni40合金基带冷轧及再结晶退火后的织构进行分析。结果表明:轧制总变形量及再结晶退火工艺是影响Cu60Ni40合金基带再结晶晶粒取向的主要因素。经过大变形量冷轧,Cu60Ni40合金基带表面可以得到典型的铜型轧制织构。通过优化的冷轧及两步再结晶退火工艺获得了立方织构含量高达99.7%(≤10°)、小角度晶界含量高达95.1%的Cu60Ni40合金基带,Σ3孪晶界含量为0.1%。     

电场退火对3104铝合金板显微组织与再结晶织构的影响

利用三维取向分布函数(ODF)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法研究了电场退火对冷轧3104铝合金板材再结晶、第二相粒子和再结晶织构的影响.结果表明:电场退火具有抑制铝合金板再结晶形核和长大的作用,但并未改变其再结晶形成机制;促进了第二相粒子MnAl6长大;有利于提高立方织构({001}<100>)的强度,同时降低了某些轧制织构的强度.根据Gibbs-Thomson理论,探讨了电场退火时3104铝合金板再结晶及立方织构形成机制.     

不同终轧压下量下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与力学性能研究

研究了高温轧制、不同压下量(10%～20%)下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构、力学性能与室温成形性能演变。结果表明,对于轧制态板材而言,不同压下量的板材中孪生仍然是主要变形模式,这主要是由终轧道次压下量相对较小,不足以引起动态再结晶但足以引起孪生导致。与终轧压下量10%的板材相比,20%的轧制板材表现出较大的晶粒尺寸和较弱的基面织构强度。退火后,板材表现出基轴向RD方向偏转±9.6°～±12°的双峰织构特征。与轧制态相比,退火态的基面织构显著弱化,这主要是由于板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶作用。随着终轧压下量由10%增加至20%,退火板材的基面织构显著减弱,使其r值降低、n值增大,从而引起板材室温杯突值由4.3 mm提高为6.3 mm。     

热轧铁硅单晶体再结晶的研究

研究了含硅3.25%的铁硅单晶体,在加热到900℃经过35%轧制后的组织结构,和退火后的再结晶织构。观察到样品轧制后在厚度内的畸变程度是不均匀的。退火时在畸变较大的表面层中先发生再结晶,然后再结晶晶粒向着畸变较小的中心层生长。用金相和X射线技术研究后证明:在表面层中与再结晶织构取向相同的轧制织构已经存在,这时同位再结晶是形成再结晶织构的主耍原因;样品在高温退火后形成的再结晶织构,是由于表面层中已再结晶的晶粒向着中心层择优生长的结果。     

A STUDY OF THE RECRYSTALLIZATION OF THE HOT-ROLLED SILICON IRON SINGLE CRYSTALS

研究了含硅3.25％的铁硅单晶体,在加热到900℃经过35％轧制后的组织结构,和退火后的再结晶织构。观察到样品轧制后在厚度内的畸变程度是不均匀的。退火时在畸变较大的表面层中先发生再结晶,然后再结晶晶粒向着畸变较小的中心层生长。用金相和X射线技术研究后证明:在表面层中与再结晶织构取向相同的轧制织构已经存在,这时同位再结晶是形成再结晶织构的主耍原因;样品在高温退火后形成的再结晶织构,是由于表面层中已再结晶的晶粒向着中心层择优生长的结果。     

异步累积叠轧超细孪晶铜织构取向的演变

孪晶能够在保持铜材电导率基本不变的情况下提高铜材强度,异步叠轧制备出超细晶铜材,再结晶过程中形成大量超细孪晶,通过背散射电子衍射研究织构演变,异步叠轧变形后原料铜板中的退火孪晶织构组分{114}221消失,形成大量剪切织构{001}110和铜型织构{112}111组分,再结晶退火过程中,逐渐形成新的织构组分:{113}141、{125}112、{221}114,通过矩阵计算得出,其中{221}114组分实质上是异步叠轧形成的剪切织构再结晶退火时沿{111}面的镜面反映,而形成的孪晶取向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。