A multipath mitigation discriminator for GPS receiver

A novel technique for mitigating the multipath-induced code delay estimation error in Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed. In contrast to conventional methods that aim to eliminate multipath signals, the proposed method exploits them to enhance the direct signal without affecting the accuracy of GPS code delay estimates. To achieve this, coherent accumulation of the received GPS signals is first done by transforming the received data into frequency domain and the parameters of multipath signals are then estimated by sparse reconstruction algorithm. Subsequently, a modified local reference signal is employed in delay lock loop (DLL) of the GPS receiver, which mitigates the pseudo-range estimation error and increases the correlation value of direct GPS signal. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and robustness of the proposed method.     

Fading rate and multipath delay effects on signal acquisition using sliding correlation in a multi-user environment

The ability of spread spectrum systems to combat interference can only be realised if the receiver is precisely synchronised with the incoming signal. The use of the sliding correlator for the acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum signals is a popular method. Previous work considered either the single user in the fading and delay mobile environment or multi-users in the additive white Gaussian noise environment. In this paper the acquisition performance of the sliding correlator for direct sequence spread spectrum signals is investigated for the uplink case and in an environment where interference is caused both by multiple users and by multipath delays with different fading rates. The results show that a longer correlator length is required for optimum mean acquisition time in a slow fading environment. However in the multi-user, multipath environment when larger delays are present, the use of a longer correlation length is necessary in order to optimise the mean acquisition time.     

有限空间液态场中声发射信号时延估计方法

石油储罐罐底腐蚀的定位可利用声发射信号的时延估计实现,但在有限空间液态场中信号的传播会产生严重的多途效应,对准确进行时延估计产生不利影响.提出一种基于信号截取的广义互相关时延估计方法.采用曲线拟合法对每路传感器采集信号进行波达时刻估计,然后进行信号截取,对两路传感器截取信号进行基于相位变换的广义互相关,实现信号的时延估计.实验结果表明,该方法能有效克服多途干扰,提高时延估计性能.     

Adaptive DS-CDMA Receiver with Code Tracking in Phase Unknown Environments

In this paper, we propose and analyze a new noncoherent receiver with PN code tracking for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication systems in multipath channels. We employ the decision-feedback differential detection method to detect MDPSK signals. An ";error signal"; is used to update the tap weights and the estimated code delay. Increasing the number of feedback symbols can improve the performance of the proposed noncoherent receiver. For an infinite number of feedback symbols, the optimum weight can be derived analytically, and the performance of the proposed noncoherent receiver approaches to that of the conventional coherent receiver. Simulations show good agreement with the theoretical derivation.     

一种空时分布多径信号DOA-时延联合估计的ESPRIT方法

在城市密集环境下,由于局部密集多径反射信号不再符合点目标模型,传统多径参数(波达方向与相对时延)联合估计算法往往失效。针对此类问题本文考虑一种基于空时相干分布的多径模型,并在得到信道估计后将其转化至频率域去卷积获得空时联合信号子空间,由于多径扩展影响该信号子空间不再具有旋转不变结构,本文通过在联合信号子空间中抽取行向量构造不同的矩阵对,使各矩阵对在相位上满足旋转不变性质,然后,利用ESPRIT算法估计中心时延与中心DOA参数。与点目标ESPRIT方法相比该方法能够有效克服多径扩展影响,实现参数自动配对,且具有不敏感于多径分布形式的优点,仿真实验证明了其有效性。     

一种消除多径误差的外场天线测试技术

多径效应在机载天线的外场测试中会严重影响测试精度。针对该问题,提出了一种能够消除多径误差且简单易行的测试方法。该方法考虑多径信号的产生机理和矢量叠加原理,对直达和反射信号的组合进行测试,通过数据处理得出直达波信号强度,用于天线增益和方向图计算。利用该方法对机载VHF/UHF天线开展了外场测试,测试结果与仿真曲线吻合良好,证明了该方法的有效性。该测试方法可用于机载航电系统的总体设计与试验验证工作。     

基于特征子空间的快速多径时延测量

提出一种基于特征子空间的快速多径时延测量方法.新方法对参考信号与接收信号的互相关函数做离散傅里叶反变换,将时延测量问题转换成具有低通包络的正弦信号频率估计问题.重构互相关函数的离散傅里叶反变换序列,形成的信号矩阵用于构造低阶协方差矩阵,使新方法的运算量与传统MUSIC算法相比大幅减小.理论分析、仿真结果验证了新方法的正确性,表明新方法以稍微降低时延测量性能为代价换取运算量的大幅减小.     

基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计

在有多径信号、多通道非平稳干扰信号以及平稳背景噪声的情况下,不考虑多径信号传输的时延估计方法不能准确地估计时延,甚至估计性能会恶化.为此,本文提出了基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计算法,并对算法的收敛性能进行了分析.该算法可以有效地抑制干扰和噪声的影响,在低信噪比的情况下直接地、准确地进行自适应多径时延估计,特别对噪声是空间相关的情形也适用,克服了传统算法不能直接估计非整数倍采样间隔的时延和多径时延的缺点.计算机仿真试验验证了新方法的有效性.     

一种基于四阶累积量的约束自适应多径时延估计

在存在多径信号和空间相关性未知的背景高斯噪声情况下,不考虑多径信号传输的传统时延估计方法的性能会受到影响,甚至恶化。针对此问题,提出了一种基于四阶累积量的约束自适应多径时延估计算法,并对该算法的多径时延估计性能进行了收敛性能分析。该算法能够有效抑制空间相关性未知噪声的影响,在低信噪比的情况下能够直接、准确地进行自适应多径时延估计,克服了传统算法不能直接估计非整数倍采样间隔时延的缺点。计算机仿真试验验证了新算法的有效性。     

用一种新的空时导向矢量联合估计CDMA信号波达方向与多径时延

本文针对CDMA系统提出了一种不需要训练信号而直接对接收的正常通信信号进行处理,实现感兴趣用户的波达方向(DOA)与多径时延联合估计的新方法.该方法是一种基于空时二维的MUSIC方法,首先建立了一种新的数据结构,并对其形成的相关矩阵进行特征分解,然后采用构造的新导向矢量对特征空间进行搜索.这种方法克服了要求接收信号数小于阵元数的局限,能有效估计时延不同、波达方向相差很小的多径信号的参数.     

A Hybrid Domain Block Equalizer for Single-Carrier Modulated Systems

Poor performance in the presence of multipath with long delay spread has been considered as one of the main weaknesses of most single carrier modulated systems, including ATSC (advanced television systems committee) system. The introduction of distributed transmission network and single frequency network brings new challenges for the ATSC equalizer design, since the delay spread of a multipath channel under such scenarios becomes significantly longer than the traditional broadcasting practice of using one high power transmitter to cover a wide area, where the multipath distortion is mainly from reflected echoes. An iterative hybrid frequency-time domain equalizer for ATSC system is proposed in this paper based on our block-based interference analysis. The multipath distortion in the received ATSC signal is first tentatively removed with a frequency domain equalizer on a block-by-block basis. However, inter-block and intra-block interferences still exist due to the lack of cyclic structure in the received ATSC signal. A time domain interference cancellation algorithm is then used to cancel the inter-block interference and intra-carrier interference, based on the tentative decisions in time domain after the frequency domain equalization. These two steps are iterated until desired receiver performance is achieved. The proposed equalizer and the subsequent analysis are verified through numerical simulations.     

多径传播条件下宽带线性调频信号波达方向估计方法

针对信号出现多径传播情况时现有宽带信号波达方向（direction of arrival, DOA）估计方法性能下降的问题,提出了一种多径传播条件下宽带线性调频（chirp）信号波达方向估计方法,该方法将导向有效投影（steered effective projection, STEP）技术与宽带线性调频信号的时频特性相结合,对具有不同时频特性的信号分量进行分离,逐个处理,并以时频分布矩阵代替传统的协方差矩阵,从而构造有效噪声子空间,实现时域角度估计。本方法无需进行信号聚焦操作,因此理论上不受聚焦误差的影响。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

DS-CDMA的一种时频二维联合解扩方法

多径环境中传统的DS-CDMA信号接收,一般采用RAKE接收技术.本文提出一种不使用RAKE接收机的DS-CDMA接收算法:基于时频二维扩频的思想,考虑DS-CDMA发射机发射的一个扩频符号对应时间内的信号,在接收机中先将接收到的信号做一个比扩频增益N小的DFT变换,联合对多个DFT变换后的信号进行扩频解扩处理,从而恢复出发射的原始信息比特.本文对比了DS-CDMA传统的RAKE接收算法、基于时频二维扩频的DS-CDMA接收算法(2DSS)、以及Wang等提出的具有信道选择的频域解扩算法的复杂度,并就性能进行了计算机仿真验证.结果表明,在根均方时延较小信道中的性能优于传统RAKE接收算法和具有信道选择的频域解扩算法的性能.     

多路径信号建模在换能器校准中的应用

介绍了多路径信号建模技术,采用最小二乘法从接收的多路径信号中估计直达信号和各种反射信号的到达时间、频率、幅度、相位等各种参数。     

一种适用于多径信道下DSSS信号检测新方法

针对多径信道下直接序列扩频信号检测的难题,在基于自相关二阶矩的检测算法基础上提出了新的检测参数,从而将加性高斯白噪声信道下的直接序列扩频信号检测算法推广到多径信道。本文算法首先分析了由多径信道导致的能量峰值和由直扩信号的伪码特性导致的自相关峰值的特点,并根据此特点定义了新的检测参数——多径因子,最后将该参数应用到基于自相关二阶矩的直接序列扩频信号检测算法中,实现了对多径信道下的直接序列扩频信号的检测。理论分析和仿真实验表明,本文提出的检测新参数能真实的反映多径信道对信号自相关函数的影响;当信噪比大于-14dB时,本文提出的多径信道下直扩信号检测算法性能与加性高斯白噪声信道下的检测性能相当。      

Super-Resolution Time Delay Estimation in Multipath Environments

The super-resolution time delay estimation in multipath environment is very important for many applications. Conventional super-resolution approaches can only deal with signals with wideband and flat spectra. In this paper, we propose a novel super-resolution time delay estimation method that can treat signals with narrowband spectra. In our method, the time delay estimation is first transformed into the frequency domain, in which the problem is converted into the parameter estimation of sinusoidal signals with lowpass envelopes. Then a MUSIC-type algorithm taking account of the envelope variation is applied to achieve the super-resolution estimation. Time delay estimation in active and passive systems are considered. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimators provide better performance than the classical correlation approach and the conventional MUSIC algorithm for separating closely spaced signals with narrowband spectra.     

基于循环相关的LFM脉冲雷达宽带回波Doppler和多径时延的联合估计

基于循环相关特性,该文提出了针对线性调频(LFM)脉冲雷达宽带回波Doppler和多径时延联合估计的方法。该方法首先利用雷达回波的循环相关变换,通过多径分量的能量累积估计Doppler频移尺度参数,然后结合发射信号的先验信息构造降阶函数,将回波信号降为多个单频信号,最后利用零频率截面循环谱能够将时间上有重叠的多径回波信号在该截面上分开且分辨率加倍的特性,估计出各多径分量的时延值。该方法只需要一个脉冲信号即可完成Doppler和多径时延的联合估计,对低信噪比噪声有较强的容忍性,能抑制各径相关交叉项的影响,并且具有较高的多径时延估计分辨率。文中给出了计算机仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

Use of Deeply Integrated GPS/INS Architecture and Laser Scanners for the Identification of Multipath Reflections in Urban Environments

This paper investigates the constructive use of multipath reflections of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals for navigation in urban environments. Urban navigation applications are generally characterized by a significant presence of multipath signals. In order to maintain reliable and accurate navigation capabilities, it is critical to distinguish between direct signal and multipath. At the same time, multipath reflections can be exploited as additional measurements for those cases where the number of direct path satellites is insufficient to compute the navigation solution. The paper develops a method for the identification of multipath reflections in received satellite signals: i.e., multipath is separated from direct signal and a line-of-site between the GPS receiver and a multipath reflecting object is determined. Once multipath reflections are identified, they can be used constructively for navigation. The method presented in the paper exploits an open-loop batch-processing GPS receiver, laser scanner and inertial navigation system (INS) to identify multipath reflections in received satellite signals. Experimental GPS, inertial and laser scanner data collected in real urban environments are applied to demonstrate identification of multipath reflections.     

A Cyclic Shift Relaying Scheme for Asynchronous Two-way Relay Networks

Perfect time synchronization among multiple relay nodes is quite difficult to realize in distributed relay networks. In this paper, we proposed a cyclic prefix (CP) assisted cyclic shift relaying (CFR) scheme for asynchronous two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks over flat fading channels. In the proposed scheme, a CP is inserted at the two source nodes to combat the asynchronous delays. Each relay amplifies the received mixed asynchronous signals after CP removal, and a cyclic delay is introduced to further improve the system performance. With the CP and the cyclic delay, the multiple flat fading relay channels are transformed into a multipath fading channel. As a result, low complexity frequency domain equalizers, such as zero-forcing and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer, can be used to recover the transmit signal. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed CFR scheme with MMSE equalizer is analyzed and closed-form expression for the lower bound of uncoded bit error rate (BER) performance is derived. Based upon this lower bound, we also investigate the power allocation among the sources and the relays to improve the system performance. Finally, extensive numerical results are provided to show the BER and frame error rate performance of the proposed CFR scheme.     

采用机会照射源的杂波抑制与弱目标检测方法

在利用机会照射源进行目标探测时,目标信号经常淹没在强直达波与多径杂波中;同时,由于强目标信号旁瓣的遮盖效应,经常存在弱目标的漏检。针对以上问题,本文提出基于梯度变遗忘因子递推最小二乘的杂波抑制算法抑制直达波与多径杂波,同时提出了一种基于内插的改进CLEAN算法来实现强目标的抑制。该算法首先进行杂波抑制,然后与参考信号作二维时频互相关,估计出强目标信号的时延与多普勒频率;利用经过内插的时延点构造强目标干扰矩阵完成强目标的抑制,因此而达到检测弱目标信号的目的。经仿真实验证明该算法对于目标回波的时延与多普勒估计误差不敏感,且在强目标时延为分数倍采样周期时仍然能达到很好的抑制性能,有效检测到弱目标信号。