Exploring the affect factors of knowledge sharing behavior: The relations model theory perspective

With a view to achieve the ultimate goal of a permanent development, operation, and growth, to any business and enterprise, the strategy of knowledge management must be reinforced, and the sooner the better. In despite of those new and high interests shown toward the organization-embedded knowledge, not much concrete finding has been obtained regarding how and why employees are reluctant to share what they know.In our research, we proposed to base on the relations model theory to explore how different relation models, cultivated and shaped by different corporate cultures, give their influences on the willingness of knowledge sharing from employees. In the mean time, with a view to get closer to the realistic circumstance in the office, we give it a shot to include additional moderating variables, task inter-dependence, as well as time-of-cooperation, into our full research framework, aiming to see if they will disturb the influencing processes between the four principal relations and the willingness of employees to share their knowledge.The result reflects the distinct impact from communal sharing and equality matching on the willingness of sharing, while a subtle but negative impact of market pricing on the sharing willingness. There is no clear effect of authority ranking. Furthermore, in the analysis of interaction mode including additional moderators, the result has exhibited that task inter-dependence does moderate the relationship between communal sharing/equality matching/market pricing and the notion of sharing, while time-of-cooperation also adjusts the influencing processes between communal sharing, equality matching, market pricing, and willingness of sharing. This analysis and study grant us some clues regarding how corporate culture would eventually leverage employees’ intention in sharing their knowledge, and advise the business organizations how they should correctly formulate the knowledge management strategy and activities to augment the knowledge inter-flows between employees.     

An empirical analysis of a maturity model to assess information system success: a firm-level perspective

This research investigates the relationship between IS investment and IS success and the moderating effects of IS maturity. We find the moderating role of IS maturity between IS investment and IS success with a contingency perspective. As administering a group survey of about 300 business executives across multiple industries, the results of this study indicate that IS investment is a critical antecedent of IS success, and IS maturity has a positive moderating effect on this relationship. The implication of the findings implies that global companies should consider the maturity of their IS management: as a crucial factor in maximising the effectiveness of IS investment.     

The maturity of maturity model research: A systematic mapping study

ContextMaturity models offer organizations a simple but effective possibility to measure the quality of their processes. Emerged out of software engineering, the application fields have widened and maturity model research is becoming more important. During the last two decades the publication amount steadily rose as well. Until today, no studies have been available summarizing the activities and results of the field of maturity model research.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to structure and analyze the available literature of the field of maturity model research to identify the state-of-the-art research as well as research gaps.MethodA systematic mapping study was conducted. It included relevant publications of journals and IS conferences. Mapping studies are a suitable method for structuring a broad research field concerning research questions about contents, methods, and trends in the available publications.ResultsThe mapping of 237 articles showed that current maturity model research is applicable to more than 20 domains, heavily dominated by software development and software engineering. The study revealed that most publications deal with the development of maturity models and empirical studies. Theoretical reflective publications are scarce. Furthermore, the relation between conceptual and design-oriented maturity model development was analyzed, indicating that there is still a gap in evaluating and validating developed maturity models. Finally, a comprehensive research framework was derived from the study results and implications for further research are given.ConclusionThe mapping study delivers the first systematic summary of maturity model research. The categorization of available publications helps researchers gain an overview of the state-of-the-art research and current research gaps. The proposed research framework supports researchers categorizing their own projects. In addition, practitioners planning to use a maturity model may use the study as starting point to identify which maturity models are suitable for their domain and where limitations exist.     

一种快速人体骨架建模方法

提出从序列视频中快速建立人体骨架模型的方法。基于阴影特征采用Otsu算法完成运动目标检测中的阴影消除,得到准确的人体轮廓;对人体轮廓进行形态学的细化处理,采用新建立连通性结构标准和肢体关节点定位算法处理骨架建立人体骨架模型。实验结果表明,该方法对人体肢体部位各端点定位获得较高的准确率,能快速定位关节点,较好地得到人体骨架模型。     

Essence of the capability maturity model

The CMM (Capability Maturity Model) wasn't intended to be all things to all people or cover all possible aspects of software and systems development. CMM was intended to provide one set of guidelines for managing software development projects and making improvements over time. This set of guidelines was based on best practices, software engineering discipline, real world experience and extrapolation from other industries. These guidelines were only meant to be tailored and applied within the culture and context of each unique organization     

Exploring the future of enterprise architecture: A Zachman perspective

Today, and for the foreseeable future, organizations will face ever-increasing levels of complexity and uncertainty. Many believe that enterprise architecture (EA) will help organizations address such difficult terrain by guiding the design of adaptive and resilient enterprises and their information systems. This paper presents the “Grand Challenges” that we believe will challenge organizations in the future and need to be addressed by enterprise architecture. As a first step in using enterprise architecture as a solution for overcoming identified challenges, the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework is used to guide and structure the discussion. The paper presents the “Grand Challenges” and discusses promising theories and models for addressing them. In addition, current advances in the field of enterprise architecture that have begun to address the challenges will be presented. In conclusion, final thoughts on the future of enterprise architecture as a research field and a profession are offered.     

Logo building blocks: Student teachers using computer-based mathematics apparatus

We describe experiments in which student teachers, who have been identified by their college of education as needing mathematical help, undertook a computer-based elementary maths course. Our objectives were to assess the effect of this work on the students' mathematical performance and attitude.The students were given hands-on experience of the programming language LOGO, which included both writing simple programs and running pre-defined procedures, such as those for illustrating the multiplication of fractions pictorially. The computer was used as a piece of mathematics apparatus with which the students could experiment: it did not take any tutorial or managerial role.A variety of mathematics performance and attitude tests were administered pre and post, and the results are described and analysed. Some evidence for the success of the approach is shown, though the experiments underline the enormous difficulty of helping this kind of student.     

一种SOA服务区域的自组织方法

在提出的一种分布式层次化服务注册中心组织结构的基础上,讨论了根据服务节点、负载和网络带宽等因素动态自适应的服务区域划分方法,通过节点加入、区域分割与合并等操作,保持服务区域划分的动态合理性。仿真实验数据显示,上述方法较静态分布式区域划分方法在系统响应性能上更好,区域划分更加合理和有效。     

基于CBR-GA的建筑块重组*

为了解决遗传算法（GA）中好的建筑块被破坏的问题,提出基于CBRGA的建筑块重组方法。首先反复运行简单的遗传算法找到多个局部最优解,并选择多个不同的局部最优解构建案例库;然后应用差异化学习方法产生新案例,有效解决了GA中随机交叉对建筑块破坏的问题;最后通过4阶欺骗问题验证了新算法的可行性。     

BAIS: A Bayesian Artificial Immune System for the effective handling of building blocks

Significant progress has been made in theory and design of Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) for solving hard problems accurately. However, an aspect not yet widely addressed by the research reported in the literature is the lack of ability of the AISs to deal effectively with building blocks (partial high-quality solutions coded in the antibody). The available AISs present mechanisms for evolving the population that do not take into account the relationship among the variables of the problem, potentially causing the disruption of high-quality partial solutions. This paper proposes a novel AIS with abilities to identify and properly manipulate building blocks in optimization problems. Instead of using cloning and mutation to generate new individuals, our algorithm builds a probabilistic model representing the joint probability distribution of the promising solutions and, subsequently, uses this model for sampling new solutions. The probabilistic model used is a Bayesian network due to its capability of properly capturing the most relevant interactions among the variables. Therefore, our algorithm, called Bayesian Artificial Immune System (BAIS), represents a significant attempt to improve the performance of immune-inspired algorithms when dealing with building blocks, and hence to solve efficiently hard optimization problems with complex interactions among the variables. The performance of BAIS compares favorably with that produced by contenders such as state-of-the-art Estimation of Distribution Algorithms.     

Choosing the right business process maturity model

We have built and tested a decision tool which will help organisations properly select one business process maturity model (BPMM) over another. This prototype consists of a novel questionnaire with decision criteria for BPMM selection, linked to a unique data set of 69 BPMMs. Fourteen criteria (questions) were elicited from an international Delphi study, and weighed by the analytical hierarchy process. Case studies have shown (non-)profit and academic applications. Our purpose was to describe criteria that enable an informed BPMM choice (conform to decision-making theories, rather than ad hoc). Moreover, we propose a design process for building BPMM decision tools.     

A model synthesis method based on single building facade

In this paper we present a convenient building model synthesis method. It aims at obtaining new user-defined building models through seamless stitching after synthesis of each single building facade. During the optimization process of synthesis of each single building facade, we utilize model structure analysis method to obtain the smallest structural units and the constraint graph among them, transforming complicated three-dimension (3D) synthesis problem into two-dimension (2D) constraint graph synthesis problem. Then we construct a global energy function and minimize it through iterative optimization with expectation maximization algorithm, in order to obtain new objective constraint graph. During stitching process, in order to get complete model synthesis result, we replace objective constraint graph with structural unit to transform synthesis back into 3D space, and achieve automatic stitching between neighboring construction units and neighboring facades by using the connection point sets of structural units in original samples. The experiment results demonstrate our method can generate building models of absolutely different styles quickly and efficiently based on single or multiple samples, while maintaining the continuity and visual integrity of result models well.     

The preservation of favored building blocks in the struggle for fitness: the puzzle algorithm

The shortest common superstring (SCS) problem, known to be NP-complete, seeks the shortest string that contains all strings from a given set. In this paper, we present a novel coevolutionary algorithm-the Puzzle Algorithm-where a population of building blocks coevolves alongside a population of solutions. We show experimentally that our novel algorithm outperforms a standard genetic algorithm (GA) and a benchmark greedy algorithm on instances of the SCS problem inspired by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. We next compare our previously presented cooperative coevolutionary algorithm with the Co-Puzzle Algorithm-the puzzle algorithm coupled with cooperative coevolution-showing that the latter proves to be top gun. Finally, we discuss the benefits of using our puzzle approach in the general field of evolutionary algorithms.     

能力成熟度模型探讨与分析

成熟度模型(CMM)是当前国内外研究的热点。首先阐述了CMM的产生、研究现状和发展趋势，然后说明了CMM中所涉及的基本概念，给出了CMM的框架和内部结构，重点对CMM的每一级别进行了详细分析，最后进行了相关总结。     

Examining online consumers’ initial trust building from an elaboration likelihood model perspective

Due to the high perceived risk and low switching costs, it is critical for online vendors to foster consumers’ initial trust in order to facilitate their online transactions. The extant research has focused on using the technology acceptance model to examine initial trust, and has seldom disclosed the processes through which initial trust develops. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model, this research examined online consumers’ initial trust building when visiting a new website for the first time. The results indicated that initial trust develops along dual routes including a central route represented by argument quality and a peripheral route represented by source credibility. Self-efficacy significantly moderates the effect of argument quality on initial trust. In addition, we found the direct effects of both cultural variables-uncertainty avoidance and individualism-on initial trust.     

Definition of standards-based building blocks for multimedia content management

The emergence of new ways of rendering multimedia content from a multiplicity of devices like tablets, smartphones, consoles or smart TVs, opens a complete set of new opportunities for multimedia services providers. It is important that the development of those disruptive services is done in an interoperable way. Existing service-oriented middleware platforms and recently developed standards devoted to the definition and implementation of complex multimedia services may speed up its development. In this context, the identification of different content management scenarios including the high-level functionalities they require is an important aspect to be able to implement services in a flexible and interoperable way. Use of standards and standards-based architectures will be a key aspect to combine services offered by different providers. In this paper, we propose the definition of standards-based building blocks based on the high-level functionalities required by content management and distribution scenarios. This will facilitate provision of complex new services specially focused, but not limited to, the management and distribution of multimedia content.     

Gray‐scale addressing method by multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks

A new driving scheme for liquid‐crystal displays has been proposed, which uses paraunitary matrices as the diagonal building blocks. The new driving scheme has the advantages of lower hardware complexity than the well‐known MLA. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the implementation of gray scale in the recently proposed paraunitary driving scheme and the MLA. The method is based on multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks, which strikes a balance between frame size and number of voltage levels.     

The use of explicit building blocks in evolutionary computation

This paper proposes a new algorithm to identify and compose building blocks. Building blocks are interpreted as common subsequences between good individuals. The proposed algorithm can extract building blocks from a population explicitly. Explicit building blocks are identified from shared alleles among multiple chromosomes. These building blocks are stored in an archive. They are recombined to generate offspring. The additively decomposable problems and hierarchical decomposable problems are used to validate the algorithm. The results are compared with the Bayesian optimisation algorithm, the hierarchical Bayesian optimisation algorithm, and the chi-square matrix. This proposed algorithm is simple, effective, and fast. The experimental results confirm that building block identification is an important process that guides the recombination procedure to improve the solutions. In addition, the method efficiently solves hard problems.     

Reactive and dynamic local search for max-clique: Engineering effective building blocks

This paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation about how different algorithmic building blocks contribute to solving the maximum clique problem. We consider greedy constructions, plateau searches, and more complex schemes based on dynamic penalties and/or prohibitions, in particular the recently proposed technique of dynamic local search and the previously proposed reactive local search (RLS). We design a variation of the original RLS algorithm where the role of long-term memory (LTM) is increased (RLS-LTM). In addition, we consider in detail the effect of the low-level implementation choices on the CPU time per iteration. We present experimental results on randomly generated graphs with different statistical properties, showing the crucial effects of the implementation, the robustness of different techniques, and their empirical scalability.