Basic study on the process combination of deposition welding and subsequent hot bulk forming

Today most technical parts and components are made of monolithic materials. Nevertheless, the previously used monolithic materials reach their technological and constructive limits, so that an improvement of the component properties can be realized by hybrid parts. Forging of previously joined semi-finished products to net shape hybrid components is a promising method to produce functional adapted parts in a few process steps. This new process chain offers a number of advantages compared to other manufacturing technologies. Examples are the production of specific load-adapted forging parts with a high level of material utilization, an improvement of the joining zone caused by the followed forming process and an easy to implement joining process because of the simple geometries of the semi-finished products. This paper describes the production process of hybrid steel parts, which are produced by a combination of a deposition welding process with a subsequent hot forging (upsetting) or cross-wedge-rolling. It could be shown that the innovative process chain enables the production of hybrid parts whereby the forging processes lead to an improvement of the mechanical properties of the laser deposited material.     

A review on tailored blanks—Production,applications and evaluation

Tailored Blanks is the collective for semi-finished sheet products which are characterised by a local variation of the sheet thickness, sheet material, coating or material properties. With these adaptions the tailored blanks are optimised for a subsequent forming process or the final application. In principle four different approaches can be distinguished to realise tailored blanks: joining materials with different grade, thickness or coating by a welding process (tailor welded blanks), locally reinforcing the blank by adding a second blank (Patchwork blanks), creating a continuous variation of the sheet thickness via a rolling process (tailor rolled blanks) and adapting the material properties by a local heat treatment (tailor heat treated blanks). The major advantage of products made from tailored blanks in comparison to conventional products is a weight reduction. This paper covers the state of the art in scientific research concerning tailored blanks. The review presents the potentials of the technology and chances for further scientific investigations.     

楔横轧技术在喷油器壳体锻件制坯中的应用

介绍了一种楔横轧制坯-精密模锻成形喷油器壳体毛坯的新工艺,及楔横轧模具设计工艺参数的选取。对比了新旧工艺的优缺点,认为新工艺具有生产效率高、锻件质量好、节材等诸多优点。     

带有锥台及沟槽钢芯温楔横轧成形分析

采用楔横轧工艺,用温轧轧制钢芯,并对其成形过程进行研究。根据零件的成形特点,采用UG软件设计楔横轧不同工艺参数需要的模具,采用Deform软件模拟成形过程,从中选出最佳的工艺参数,并分析该工艺参数下钢芯大弧体不同成形阶段径向截面等效应力、等效应变及轴向截面等效应力、等效应变,最后通过实验轧制出产品。结果表明:成形角、展宽角等工艺参数对轧件外形及心部质量有很大影响;采用合理的楔横轧工艺参数可以轧制出心部无缺陷的合格产品;轧件的等效应力及等效应变均存在一定的规律,且最大值均在合理的范围内。     

欧洲管材内高压成形和板材液压成形研究现状(英文)

在欧洲,管材、型材以及板材的液压成形是密切相关的。液压成形产品主要是用于汽车工业批量生产的零件以及一些有独特用途的零件,其市场仍然在逐渐增长。目前轻量化制造、新型零件的高度功能集成化以及关于使用内高压件的不断积累的设计经验、理念,正影响着液压成形新技术的开发。由于可观的利润率,开放截面和闭合截面的铝合金型材的液压成形件正在试制,并在此背景下,开展了一些专用车面板的液压成形技术开发。这个利润率,将从半成品零件、成形中间过程,直到最终总成件整个工艺链来计算。从管材和板材的液压成形件来看,提高液压成形模具的功能集成性也是必须要做的工作。文章作者就内高压成形的模具设计以及功能集成给出了解决方案,并进一步讨论了内高压成形工艺的利润率。     

楔横轧大型轴类件轧制力规律研究

轧制力是楔横轧成形大型轴类件的重要技术参数之一。文章采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D有限元软件对大型轴类件的楔横轧成形进行数值模拟,分析轧制力随工艺参数和轧件直径变化的规律,通过轧制实验验证表明,有限元模拟具有良好的可靠性。该文对于楔横轧大型轴类件轧制力规律的研究结果,为设计大型楔横轧机确定力能参数,实现大型轴类零件的楔横轧经济化生产,提供了理论依据。     

大型轴类件楔横轧成形可行性分析

目前国内外重型汽车等大型轴类件采用锻造成形,存在着效率低成本高等问题.本文利用Ansys/Dyna有限元软件,对楔横轧轧制大型轴类件进行有限元数值模拟,分析了随着轧件直径的增大,轧件内部应力、应变的变化规律和直径对轧件心部应力的影响,得出大型轴类件采用楔横轧成形是可行的,为实现大型轴类件高效化、节能化生产提供了理论依据.     

Roll forming of branched profiles

Due to the new mass forming process “linear flow splitting” forming of branched profiles in integral style out of sheet metal without joining, lamination of material or heating of the semi-finished part becomes feasible. Since the resulting flanges provide extra stiffness without increasing the weight of the semi-finished product, split profiles are suitable especially for lightweight applications. The combination of the linear flow splitting process with a following roll-forming process enables the continuous production of one- or multi-chambered profiles with free flanges. In this paper phenomena occurring during roll forming of branched profiles are described and discussed.     

Development of a warm cross wedge rolling process using FEA and downsized experimental trials

Cross wedge rolling is a forming technology that offers a lot of advantages: No flash occurs, cycle times are low, lubricants are not necessary and the machines are easy to automate. Currently, cross wedge rolling is applied at hot temperatures only. An adaption of this technology to warm temperatures (about 500?C950?°C) can increase the geometrical spectrum of warm forgings. The advantages of warm forged parts in comparison to hot forged parts are closer tolerances, reduced surface roughness, no scale and reduced decarburization. To apply cross wedge rolling at warm temperatures, the possibilities of defects e. g. internal voids and improper formed work pieces must be analysed. This paper describes the development of a warm cross wedge rolling process with one area reduction. The paper also includes results of finite element analysis (FEA), experimental trials with a downsized work piece and the adaption to the industrial work piece in original size. In the FEA simulations tools with serrations on the side have been used. The downsizing method is explained and the difference between FEA, downsized and originally sized work piece with the focus on forming forces, temperature distribution and defects are presented.     

偏心圆截面轴类零件的楔横轧成形数值模拟

提出了一种偏心轴类零件楔横轧成形新工艺,给出了楔横轧成形偏心轴类零件轧辊的辊型曲面.利用三维弹塑性有限元软件LS-DYNA对一种典型偏心轴类零件楔横轧成形进行了数值模拟,分析了其成形过程、应力应变场分布及工艺特点.模拟结果表明,从起楔开始就将坯料轧制成偏心圆截面的偏心轴类零件的楔横轧工艺是完全可行的,而且具有轧制力小、变形容易控制等优点.     

压力机PBOM的生成及其管理技术

物料生产清单(BOM)也叫产品结构或配方,是MRP系统中最重要的概念之一。物料(通常是完成品或半成品、部品)的组成:由哪些下级物料组成,每一下级物料的用量是多少,包括其对应的属性等。工艺物料清单(PBOM)在工艺设计和生产制造中具有承上启下的重要作用。文章结合压力机制造业的特点,分析了物料编码的基本原则、物料编码方法、压力机PBOM的生成、PBOM的多级展开、PBOM的多级反查、PBOM的更改管理和有效控制。     

楔横轧轧件端头凹心影响因素的研究

用ANSYS／LS－DYNA软件对楔横轧轧制过程进行非线性有限元模拟，得到轧件端头凹心的形成原因，总结出模具成形角、展宽角、轧件端头尺寸及轧细长度等因素对轧件端头凹心大小的影响，并将计算结果与实验结果进行比较，其规律一致。本研究对合理确定楔横轧工艺参数、提高材料利用率具有重要的意义。     

细长轴楔横轧模具设计及仿真实验

细长、锥形阶梯轴类大断面收缩率零件(断面收缩率>75%)成形,是楔横轧新技术较特殊的一种成形形式,具有广阔的应用前景,其在成形建筑用材、汽车关键轴类零件等起着不可替代的作用。基于目前对细长、锥形阶梯轴的研究尚不多见,对其成形规律、缺陷的产生机理也缺少了解,该文根据细长轴的几何特殊性,进行了相应的模具设计和布楔设计;基于DEFORM有限元平台,对轧制全过程进行模拟,得到了各模具参数对应力应变的影响变化规律,并利用遗传算法对模具进行了多目标优化设计。     

Experimental and numerical study on shaping of aluminum sheets with integrated piezoceramic fibers

Force-fit integration of piezoceramic fibers in micro-formed structures is a new approach for function integration in structural sheet metal parts. In a first step, a micro-structured surface is formed in a planar semi-finished sheet metal part by micro-impact extrusion. Piezoceramic fibers are then assembled into this micro-structured surface with a small assembly clearance. The fibers and the structured surface of the sheet metal are joined by a forming process. In the next step, the sheet metal with piezoceramic fibres within a locally micro-formed substructure is shaped by deep drawing into a 3D-geometry. In this paper, results of the micro-impact extrusion and the joining by forming experiments are presented. Furthermore, the design constraints for assembly and joining due to the dimensional and form deviations of the piezoceramic fibers are discussed. Results of a numerical study of micro-forming, joining by forming and the global loading during a deep drawing process step were in good agreement with the experimental investigations. The direct comparison between experiment and numerical simulation increases the process knowledge and shows further improvement potential.     

双中间轴对称楔横轧制工艺及模具设计

针对汽车变速器中间轴楔横轧传统加工工艺成本高、耗材多、成品率低等问题,提出了采用楔横轧成形方法加工汽车变速器中间轴的工艺方法。针对中间轴变形大、形状复杂、对称性差的问题,提出了双轴对称加工工艺方法。以1701212-Q7中间轴为例设计了对称轧制楔横轧制模具,实践证明了该工艺方法和所设计模具的可靠性。     

绝缘子钢脚楔横轧精密成形工艺与仿真研究

针对绝缘子钢脚生产效率低、材料浪费大的问题,设计了1模2件的精密成形工艺方案,采用优化的工艺参数,设计了绝缘子钢脚楔横轧模。采用Deform软件,对绝缘子钢脚的工艺过程进行了模拟仿真,仿真结果验证了工艺与模具设计的可行性。     

楔横轧模具数控铣削仿真加工研究

为了进一步提高楔横轧模具加工效率,提出了平底块式楔横轧模具铣削加工方法.介绍了平底块式楔横轧模具的总体结构、自动化编程、工艺规划和数控铣削仿真加工过程.在此基础上,实现了楔横轧模具高速铣削加工自动化编程和仿真加工,成功地仿真加工出平底块式楔横轧模具,生成的NC代码可直接用于实际生产中.从理论与仿真加工两方面证明了高速铣削加工平底块式楔横轧模具的高效性与可行性.     

楔横轧工艺成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面缺陷形成条件分析

依据文献 [4]的模拟实验结果 ,拟定了楔横轧工艺成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面出现表面缺陷 (蛇皮状或鱼鳞状缺陷 )时的金属流动速度场。以此为基础 ,并借助于上限原理和最小能量原理 ,获得了楔横轧成形阶梯轴时轧件表面缺陷形成的必要条件。同时 ,研究了表面缺陷产生与变形程度、摩擦因数及模具整形段相对长度的关系。从而为估测楔横轧成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面是否会产生缺陷提供理论指导。     

Reprocessing of aluminum chips by hot backward extrusion

In this work the recycling of cold pressed aluminum chips by a hot backward extrusion process is investigated. By using a non-melting approach common casting losses are avoided. After cold compaction, the hot backward extrusion process is carried out with a high speed hydraulic forming press under variation of forming speed, temperature and force. Subsequently, forged parts were analysed by mechanical tests and metallographic examinations. The investigations have shown that aluminum chips can be consolidated into a semi-finished part with local relative densities up to 100 %. In comparison to common continuous non-melting chip recycling techniques the investigated process chain has the potential to reduce the effort of post-treatment noticeable by producing semi-finished components from aluminum waste.     

基于楔横轧原理的钢球轧制工艺计算机仿真研究

钢球在工业中的应用非常广泛,特别是矿山用的球磨机对钢球的应用量更是巨大,由于其形状的特殊性,其大批量生产工艺也越来越得到重视.本文应用有限元方法,并基于楔横轧原理对钢球的轧制成形工艺过程进行模拟仿真,通过DEFORM-3D的模拟过程研究了楔横轧各工艺参数对钢球成形过程的影响,根据模拟过程中金属的流动规律对模具进行改良,获得满意效果.