分解的二维倒数交叉熵图像阈值选取

Shannon熵常用于表示信息平均不确定性,但因其定义基于对数函数故存在零点处无意义的缺陷,且二维交叉熵法中若能避免对数运算可使处理速度进一步提升。据此,本文提出了基于分解的二维倒数交叉熵图像阈值选取方法。首先定义了倒数交叉熵,依据分割前后图像之间的最小倒数交叉熵选取阈值;然后给出了二维倒数交叉熵定义及其阈值选取公式,提出了二维倒数交叉熵阈值选取的分解算法。通过求解两个一维倒数交叉熵的最佳阈值,再将其组合获得二维倒数交叉熵最佳阈值,由此将二维运算分解为两个一维运算,算法的计算复杂度从O(L4)降低到O(L)。大量实验结果表明,与基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)的二维最大Shannon熵法、基于粒子群优化的二维Shannon交叉熵法以及二维指数交叉熵法相比,本文方法的分割效果和运行速度均有优势。      

最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵多阈值选取

现有的基于Shannon熵的阈值选取方法存在无定义值和零值的缺陷,并且没有考虑目标和背景类内灰度的均匀性。为此,本文针对多目标（背景）图像分割问题,提出了基于最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵和自适应双粒子群优化（Adaptive Chaotic Variation Particle Swarm Optimization, ACPSO）的多阈值选取方法。首先将最大倒数熵单阈值选取推广到多阈值选取;然后定义了倒数灰度熵,导出了基于最大倒数灰度熵的单阈值和多阈值选取公式;最后给出最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵多阈值选取的ACPSO算法步骤,实现对多个阈值快速精确地寻优。实验结果表明,与现有的同类方法—基于最大Shannon熵和粒子群优化（Particle Swarms Optimization, PSO）的多阈值选取方法相比,本文提出的方法有明显的优势,已应用于红外弱小目标检测中的阈值分割和卫星云图识别中的数字云图分割,取得了极佳的分割效果。      

Optimization of multi-branch switched diversity systems

A performance optimization based on the optimal switching threshold(s) for a multi-branch switched diversity system is discussed in this paper. For the conventional multi-branch switched diversity system with a single switching threshold, the optimal switching threshold is a function of both the average channel SNR and the number of diversity branches, where computing the optimal switching threshold is not a simple task when the number of diversity branches is high. The newly proposed multi-branch switched diversity system is based on a sequence of switching thresholds, instead of a single switching threshold, where a different diversity branch uses a different switching threshold for signal comparison. Thanks to the fact that each switching threshold in the sequence can be optimized only based on the number of the remaining diversity branches, the proposed system makes it easy to find these switching thresholds. Furthermore, some selected numerical and simulation results show that the proposed switched diversity system with the sequence of optimal switching thresholds outperforms the conventional system with the single optimal switching threshold.     

认知无线网络中动态双门限协作频谱感知性能的优化方案

频谱感知作为认知无线电的关键技术,得到广泛深入的研究。其中衡量协作频谱感知性能的主要参数为全局虚警概率和全局漏检概率,它们之和被定义为全局错误概率。本文研究基于双门限能量检测的协作频谱感知性能的优化方案,首先,固定双门限能量检测的检测门限值,对表决融合准则的投票门限进行优化,使得在该能量检测门限值条件下,协作频谱感知的全局错误概率最小;然后在表决融合准则的投票门限取最优值的前提下,对双门限能量检测的检测门限值进行了优化,在不同接收信噪比条件下,最优的检测门限值是动态的,所以要根据信噪比确定最优的检测门限值,使得协作频谱感知的全局错误概率在各信噪比条件下都达到最小值,从而提高了协作频谱感知的性能。仿真结果表明,表决融合准则的投票门限和双门限能量检测的检测门限值取得各自的最优值时,全局错误概率最低,检测性能最好。      

Fast automatic multilevel thresholding method

Previous optimal thresholding methods are popular and efficient in the case of bi-level thresholding but are computationally expensive when extended to multilevel thresholding to optimise the objective functions. Here, a new method for automatic multilevel threshold selection based on the maximum entropy theorem is proposed. The new method has advantages such as greater simplicity, better stabilisation and easier performance compared with some traditional entropy methods, and it calculates thresholds quickly. The approach has been employed to perform image enhancement, segmentation and thresholding, satisfactory results being obtained     

基于自适应阈值分割改进Canny算子的管道边缘检测方法研究

针对工厂中管道破损位置无法通过机器视觉准确判断的问题,提出一种基于自适应阈值分割改进Canny算子的管道边缘检测方法。该方法从滤波方式、梯度方向以及阈值分割角度对采集图像进行处理,首先采用采样-自适应中值滤波+双边滤波代替传统Canny算子中的高斯滤波,减少图像边缘信息丢失并去除图像中的噪声,然后增加梯度幅值的计算来更好地检测不同方向的边缘信息,最后为避免人工选取阈值效果不佳的情况,采用最大类间方差 (OTSU)阈值分割算 法进行阈值的自适应选取。实验表明,该方法相比于传统Canny算子的图像信噪比提升28.22%,边缘点数提升39.97%,四连通道数提升11.52%,八连通道数提升5.92%,提取特征完整且连续性较好,实现了对管道图像中破损情况的有效检测。     

一种基于统计平均的图像处理自适应阈值模型

用统计力学的思想和方法分析了图像象素灰度值和宏观图像信息之间的关系,用统计回归方法对实验数据进行模拟和曲线拟合,建立了基于Boltzmann统计法的平均灰度值和图像阈值的关系模型。在眼睛盯视输入人机交互系统中,对所建模型编写了程序处理函数和算法,进行了实验分析。结果表明,此方法在图像信息稳定的情况下可以得到更好的效果,用建立的自适应阈值模型可以自动获取阈值。实验中图像平均灰度值在110～230情况下,提取特征信息的准确率达到了95％。     

基于Sugeno补的广义模糊熵阈值分割方法

鉴于传统的基于模糊熵的图像阈值分割方法对于光照不均匀图像的分割结果很不理想,该文提出了基于Sugeno补的广义模糊熵图像阈值分割方法。首先按照Sugeno补函数不动点的变化,对一幅图像产生9个阈值,然后利用图像分割质量评价指标对这9个阈值进行评价,最后选择使得评价指标最大的阈值作为最优的阈值。与传统的模糊熵阈值分割方法相比,新方法增加了选择更好的分割结果的机会,对于光照不均匀的图像能够获得比传统模糊熵方法更好的分割效果。     

一种基于进化策略的图像分割方法

文中提出一种基于进化策略求解分割阈值的方法,并在方法中引入了部分个体的交叉和个体的年龄参数,以进一步模拟自然界的进化过程,从而改善了整个方法的计算效率.对使用最大类间的方差准则和最大熵准则的实验结果表明,这种方法能够找到较优的分割阈值,可以方便地实现对图像的分割.     

基于改进PSO算法的Otsu快速多阈值图像分割

为了确定图像分割的最佳阈值,基于改进粒子群优化算法,提出了一种快速多阈值图像分割方法。首先引入独立峰值将直方图划分为若干区域,然后在各个区域使用最大类间方差法得到优化的目标函数,用具有非均匀变异特性和雁群飞行启示的线性递减惯性权重粒子群算法对目标函数进行优化,得到分割的最佳阈值,并用该阈值对图像进行分割。将分割结果与常规最大类问方差法的多阈值分割结果相比较,证明该算法不仅可以正确地实现图像分割,并可使分割速度大大提高。     

Image denoising algorithm based on even step-length generalized cross validation model

Generalized cross validation (GCV) is a significant mean square error (MSE) estimator. It is widely used for image denoising because it can provide an optimal denoising threshold for these wavelet coefficients of noise image. However, the computational complexity of GCV is higher than that of the universal threshold denoising algorithm. In this study, an efficient and fast image denoising algorithm is proposed based on even step-length (ESL) GCV model. In ESL-GCV model, only the thresholds on even points are calculated from four to the maximum wavelet coefficient. In addition, the ESL-GCV model is optimized using the integer wavelet transform (IWT). These experimental results show that the IWT-based ESL-GCV model can provide lower computational complexity and the better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) than those of the traditional GCV. The proposed algorithm has important theoretical and practical value for image denoising in the future.     

Spatial adaptive Bayesian wavelet threshold exploiting scale and space consistency

Threshold selection is critical in image denoising via wavelet shrinkage. Many powerful approaches have been investigated, but few of them are adaptive to the changing statistics of each subband and meanwhile keep efficiency of the algorithm. In this work, an inter-scale adaptive, data-driven threshold for image denoising via wavelet soft-thresholding is proposed. To get the optimal threshold, a Bayesian estimator is applied to the wavelet coefficients. The threshold is based on the accurate modeling of the distribution of wavelet coefficients using generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD), and the near exponential prior of the wavelet coefficients across scales. The new approach outperforms BayesShrink because it captures the statistical inter-scale property of wavelet coefficients, and is more adaptive to the data of each subband. The simplicity of the proposed threshold makes it easy to achieve the spatial adaptivity, which will further improves the wavelet denoising performance. Simulation results show that higher peak-signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained than other thresholding methods for image denoising.     

基于动态自适应双门限能量检测的序贯协作频谱感知算法

针对在一般高斯白噪声环境中,传统的双门限能量检测频谱感知算法忽略确定两门限之间的感知信息的问题,该文提出一种基于动态自适应双门限能量检测的序贯协作频谱感知算法。新算法以最优化检测概率为目标,采用序贯方式对协作用户进行动态自适应双门限建模,并对处于两门限之间的接收能量值进行软判决。进一步地,新算法能自适应动态调整门限大小和各判决区域协作用户数,以达到最大化检测概率和最优化受试工作特征曲线的目的。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与经典的双门限能量检测算法相比,提出算法具有更优的检测概率。     

Feature-based wavelet shrinkage algorithm for image denoising.

A selective wavelet shrinkage algorithm for digital image denoising is presented. The performance of this method is an improvement upon other methods proposed in the literature and is algorithmically simple for large computational savings. The improved performance and computational speed of the proposed wavelet shrinkage algorithm is presented and experimentally compared with established methods. The denoising method incorporated in the proposed algorithm involves a two-threshold validation process for real-time selection of wavelet coefficients. The two-threshold criteria selects wavelet coefficients based on their absolute value, spatial regularity, and regularity across multiresolution scales. The proposed algorithm takes image features into consideration in the selection process. Statistically, most images have regular features resulting in connected subband coefficients. Therefore, the resulting subbands of wavelet transformed images in large part do not contain isolated coefficients. In the proposed algorithm, coefficients are selected due to their magnitude, and only a subset of those selected coefficients which exhibit a spatially regular behavior remain for image reconstruction. Therefore, two thresholds are used in the coefficient selection process. The first threshold is used to distinguish coefficients of large magnitude and the second is used to distinguish coefficients of spatial regularity. The performance of the proposed wavelet denoising technique is an improvement upon several other established wavelet denoising techniques, as well as being computationally efficient to facilitate real-time image-processing applications.     

A novel threshold optimization of ML-CFAR detector in Weibull clutter using fuzzy-neural networks

This paper provides a novel and effective approach based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for the solution of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection for Weibull clutter statistics. The optimal detection thresholds of the maximum-likelihood CFAR (ML-CFAR) and the Censored ML-CFAR (CML-CFAR) detectors in Weibull clutter with unknown shape parameter are obtained using fuzzy-neural networks (FNN) technique. The theory of the FNN is presented and the genetic learning algorithm (GA) is applied for the training of the FNN threshold estimator. The proposed FNN-ML-CFAR and FNN-CML-CFAR detectors proved to be efficient particularly in the case of spiky clutter. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy threshold estimator under different system conditions and it is also shown that the optimal FNN-ML-CFAR and FNN-CML-CFAR detectors can achieve better performances than the conventional ML-CFAR and CML-CFAR algorithms.     

一种多径电力线信道下的主路径定时同步算法

分析了多径电力线信道特性,针对电力线通信信道中第一主路径非能量最强路径的定时同步问题,通过仿真分析信噪比与门限选择的关系,拟合了最优的第一主路径门限曲线,并提出了一种在多径电力线信道下寻找第一主路径的自适应定时同步门限选择方法,利用接发端前导信号互相关判决函数的峰均比关系自适应选择门限,用于解决电力线恶劣的信道环境下第一主路径非能量最强路径的情况下寻找第一主路径的问题。仿真表明,该方法同步性能明显优于固定阈值且接近于最优阈值的判决方法,相比固定门限有1 dB的提升。     

基于特征点的快速匹配算法

为了实现快速、高精度的图像匹配,将基于灰度的图像匹配技术与基于特征的图像匹配技术相结合.定义了一种灰度值特征.并提出一种基于图像灰度值特征点的快速匹配搜索算法.该算法利用得出的灰度值特征点作为搜索依据,改变了传统匹配方法遍历性质的搜索策略.由于特征点的选取对噪声和灰度值的线性变化具有一定的"免疫性".因此对灰度值不均匀的图像匹配问题同样适用.该算法在大大提高匹配速度的同时兼顾了匹配精度,实现了高效率、高精度的图像匹配.通过实验,证实了该算法的快速性和准确性.     

D2D通信中基于社交门限的最优中继选择方案

在基于设备直传(D2D)通信的中继系统中,提出了一种基于社交感知的增强型中继选择策略.该策略首先在D2D中继网络中引入社交门限值,对潜在中继用户进行筛选和过滤,从而有效降低了探测成本;然后利用最优停止理论实现了最优中继节点的选择.仿真结果表明,与已有中继选择策略相比,所提出的策略能够以较少的中继探测次数获得较高的系统性能收益,从而实现能耗与收益之间的折中.     

A novel approach to microcalcification detection using fuzzy logictechnique

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the United States. Approximately, 182,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 46,000 women die of breast cancer each year. Even more disturbing is the fact that one out of eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point during her lifetime. Since the cause of breast cancer remains unknown, primary prevention becomes impossible. Computer-aided mammography is an important and challenging task in automated diagnosis. It has great potential over traditional interpretation of film-screen mammography in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Microcalcifications are the earliest sign of breast carcinomas and their detection is one of the key issues for breast cancer control. In this study, a novel approach to microcalcification detection based on fuzzy logic technique is presented. Microcalcifications are first enhanced based on their brightness and nonuniformity. Then, the irrelevant breast structures are excluded by a curve detector. Finally, microcalcifications are located using an iterative threshold selection method. The shapes of microcalcifications are reconstructed and the isolated pixels are removed by employing the mathematical morphology technique. The essential idea of the proposed approach is to apply a fuzzified image of a mammogram to locate the suspicious regions and to interact the fuzzified image with the original image to preserve fidelity. The major advantage of the proposed method is its ability to detect microcalcifications even in very dense breast mammograms. A series of clinical mammograms are employed to test the proposed algorithm and the performance is evaluated by the free-response receiver operating characteristic curve. The experiments aptly show that the microcalcifications can be accurately detected even in very dense mammograms using the proposed approach     

Optimal Threshold Selection for Tomogram Segmentation by Projection Distance Minimization

Grey value thresholding is a segmentation technique commonly applied to tomographic image reconstructions. Many procedures have been proposed to optimally select the grey value thresholds based on the tomogram data only (e.g., using the image histogram). In this paper, a projection distance minimization (PDM) method is presented that uses the tomographic projection data to determine optimal thresholds. These thresholds are computed by minimizing the distance between the forward projection of the segmented image and the measured projection data. An important contribution of the current paper is the efficient implementation of the forward projection method, which makes the use of the original projection data as a segmentation criterion feasible. Simulation experiments applied to various phantom images show that our proposed method obtains superior results compared to established histogram-based projection data methods.