An Improved Control Strategy of Limiting the DC-Link Voltage Fluctuation for a Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator

The paper presents to develop a new control strategy of limiting the dc-link voltage fluctuation for a back-to-back pulsewidth modulation converter in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbine systems. The reasons of dc-link voltage fluctuation are analyzed. An improved control strategy with the instantaneous rotor power feedback is proposed to limit the fluctuation range of the dc-link voltage. An experimental rig is set up to valid the proposed strategy, and the dynamic performances of the DFIG are compared with the traditional control method under a constant grid voltage. Furthermore, the capabilities of keeping the dc-link voltage stable are also compared in the ride-through control of DFIG during a three-phase grid fault, by using a developed 2 MW DFIG wind power system model. Both the experimental and simulation results have shown that the proposed control strategy is more effective, and the fluctuation of the dc-link voltage may be successfully limited in a small range under a constant grid voltage and a non-serious grid voltage dip.     

A Fault Tolerant Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine Using a Parallel Grid Side Rectifier and Series Grid Side Converter

With steadily increasing wind turbine penetration, regulatory standards for grid interconnection have evolved to require that wind generation systems ride-through disturbances such as faults and support the grid during such events. Conventional modifications to the doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) architecture for providing ride-through result in compromised control of the turbine shaft and grid current during fault events. A DFIG architecture in which the grid side converter is connected in series as opposed to parallel with the grid connection has shown improved low voltage ride through but poor power processing capabilities. In this paper, a unified DFIG wind turbine architecture which employs a parallel grid side rectifier and series grid side converter is presented. The combination of these two converters enables unencumbered power processing and robust voltage disturbance ride through. A dynamic model and control structure for this architecture is developed. The operation of the system is illustrated using computer simulations.     

Improved Control of DFIG Systems During Network Unbalance Using PI–R Current Regulators

This paper presents a new control strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions. Coordinated control of the grid- and rotor-side converters (GSC and RSC, respectively) during voltage unbalance is proposed. Under an unbalanced supply voltage, the RSC is controlled to eliminate the torque pulsation at double supply frequency. The oscillation of the stator output active power is then compensated by the active power output from the GSC, to ensure constant active power output from the overall DFIG generation system. In order to provide precise control of the positive- and negative-sequence currents of the GSC and RSC, a current control scheme consisting of a proportional integral (PI) controller and a resonant (R) compensator is presented. The PI plus R current regulator is implemented in the positive synchronous reference frame without the need to decompose the positive- and negative-sequence components. Simulations on a 1.5-MW DFIG system and experimental tests on a 1.5-kW prototype validate the proposed strategy. Precise control of both positive- and negative-sequence currents and simultaneous elimination of torque and total active power oscillations have been achieved.      

Coordinated Control of DFIG's Rotor and Grid Side Converters During Network Unbalance

This paper proposes a coordinated control of the rotor side converters (RSCs) and grid side converters (GSCs) of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generation systems under unbalanced voltage conditions. System behaviors and operations of the RSC and GSC under unbalanced voltage are illustrated. To provide enhanced operation, the RSC is controlled to eliminate the torque oscillations at double supply frequency under unbalanced stator supply. The oscillation of the stator output active power is then cancelled by the active power output from the GSC, to ensure constant active power output from the overall DFIG generation system. To provide the required positive and negative sequence currents control for the RSC and GSC, a current control strategy containing a main controller and an auxiliary controller is analyzed. The main controller is implemented in the positive (dq)⁺ frame without involving positive/negative sequence decomposition whereas the auxiliary controller is implemented in the negative sequence (dq)^- frame with negative sequence current extracted. Simulation results using EMTDC/PSCAD are presented for a 2 MW DFIG wind generation system to validate the proposed control scheme and to show the enhanced system operation during unbalanced voltage supply.     

矩阵变换器在变速恒频风力发电中的应用研究

变速恒频风电机组采用矩阵变换器励磁的双馈感应发电机,利用定子磁链定向的矢量变换控制,将同步d-q坐标系下的双馈电机数学模型简化后得到矢量控制模型,该模型与m-t坐标系下的双馈电机数学模型一起构成有功和无功功率解耦控制的双闭环PI控制方案。实验结果验证了定子磁链定向的矢量控制策略既能保证定子输出频率恒定,又能较好地跟踪风力机的最大功率输出。     

DFIG空载并网控制策略的研究

DFIG的并网技术主要有三种：带独立负载并网、孤岛并网和空载并网。空载并网由于其实现简单,并网时冲击电流小,在风电并网中占有很大的优势。文章根据DFIG的运行特点,提出了基于电网电压定向的空载并网控制策略,根据电机转速和电网电压来调节转子励磁电流,实现了有功和无功解耦控制。     

DFIG-Based Power Generation System With UPS Function for Variable-Speed Applications

The power generation system with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), which can be used as an autonomous power system after the loss of mains in a distributed generation network, is described. After the mains outage, a fixed frequency and an amplitude of the output voltage are obtained, despite the variable rotor speed. For this reason, it can be successfully applied in the variable-speed wind turbines, adjustable speed water plants, or diesel engines. Moreover, the stand-alone operation of DFIG is useful in a flywheel-based high-energy rotary uninterruptible power supply system. An output voltage is controlled directly by the synchronization of an actual voltage vector with the reference vector represented in a synchronously rotating polar frame. The rotor current angular speed is obtained as a result of vectorial phase-locked loop operation. Any sensors or estimators of the rotor speed or position are unnecessary. Both amplitude and angle control loops are linear. The use of stand-alone operation in grid-connected systems requires mains outage detection. Also, the grid voltage recovery requires a method of synchronization and soft connection of a generator to the grid. The proposed methods of output voltage control, synchronization, and detection of mains loss were tested in a laboratory system.      

电网电压跌落时双馈感应风力发电系统无功功率控制策略

为提高双馈风力发电机在电网电压跌落时的不间断运行能力,提出了双馈风力发电机(DIFG)转子侧变流器无功支持控制策略,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该控制方案在不增加硬件成本的基础上提供无功支持,降低了电网压降,减少了直流母线电压波动,提高了双馈风力发电系统的低压穿越能力。     

双馈电机风电场低电压穿越方案的研究

风电场并网准则对低电压穿越提出了明确的要求。对DFIG而言在电网电压严重跌落时,投入Crowbar可使DFIG短时不脱网运行。但是Crowbar的投入会使风电场吸收大量的无功功率,加重了电网的无功负担。采用STAT-COM可对风电场进行无功补偿,使其满足LVRT动态无功支撑的要求。因此,采用"单机机组安装转子Crowbar+风电场配备STATCOM"方案,可以很好满足双馈电机风电场的LVRT要求。     

双馈风力发电系统低电压穿越的研究

针对双馈型变速恒频风力发电系统的低电压穿越问题,提出一种新颖的转子侧保护电路。在建立电机的稳态和暂态数学模型的基础上,分析了电网电压发生跌落期间以及电压恢复后的双馈感应发电机的动态响应情况。仿真结果表明,在电压跌落时转子侧加入本文设计的Crowbar电路,能够有效抑制直流侧在电压跌落时电容电压的升高,并能减弱转子侧电流...     

基于垂直轴双馈风力发电系统的仿真研究

以垂直轴风轮（VAWT）和双馈感应发电机（DFIG）为研究对象,建立了包括风力机模型、传动系统模型和双馈电机模型的垂直轴双馈风力发电系统的数学模型及结构,采用双馈电机定子磁链定向前馈解耦控制,使得电机的有功分量和无功分量可以分别得到控制。运用Matlab/Simulink建立了系统仿真模型,对定子磁链定向前馈解耦控制策...     

FPGA-Based Real-Time Power Converter Failure Diagnosis for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper discusses the design, implementation, experimental validation, and performances of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time power converter failure diagnosis for three-leg fault tolerant converter topologies used in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The developed approach minimizes the time interval between the fault occurrence and its diagnosis. We demonstrated the possibility to detect a faulty switch in less than 10 $muhbox{s}$ by using a diagnosis simultaneously based on a “time criterion” and a “voltage criterion.” To attain such a short detection time, an FPGA fully digital implementation is used. The performances of the proposed FPGA-based fault detection method are evaluated for a new fault tolerant back-to-back converter topology suited for WECS with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). We examine the failure diagnosis method and the response of the WECS when one of the power switches of the fault tolerant back-to-back converter is faulty. The experimental failure diagnosis implementation based on “FPGA in the loop” hardware prototyping verifies the performances of the fault tolerant WECS with DFIG.      

矩阵变换器交流励磁控制系统的设计与实现

矩阵变换器是一种交交变频器,可以实现能量双向流动,适用于双馈电机交流励磁系统。文中主要研究了双馈型风力发电机矩阵变换器交流励磁控制系统的设计与实现,该控制策略是以定子电压和频率作为给定值,定子实际电压和转速作为负反馈,通过控制交流励磁,实现双馈电机定子电压和频率稳定输出。实验结果表明,在转速亚同步和超同步时,双馈电机定...     

双馈风力发电系统功率控制的相关问题研究

针对目前在风电系统最大风能捕获控制策略中应用较为广泛的功率控制方法,本文首先分析了当前此法中有关反馈量的选取所存在的误区,并通过仿真验证了理论分析结果。在此基础上,结合双馈风电系统的慢动态模型,通过对其功率控制的稳定性分析,给出了系统的闭环稳定性条件,结果表明,闭环系统的稳定性取决于控制器的参数以及系统的工作点。     

DFIG风电系统网侧变流器控制策略仿真研究

在研究双馈型风力发电系统中网侧变流器基本工作原理的基础上,建立DFIG并网系统网侧变流器的数学及控制系统模型。为了更好地提升并网风电系统的控制效果,采用一种基于前馈解耦控制的双闭环控制策略对网侧变流器实行控制,以提高逆变波形及直流母线电压的稳定性。通过在仿真软件Matlab/Simulink中搭建模型进行仿真研究,验证控制策略的可行性及有效性。     

风电系统中发电机励磁控制系统的研究

论文介绍了风电系统中双馈风力发电机（DFIG）的工作原理,论文中所提出的双馈风力发电系统主要采用了双PWM换流器结构的交流励磁系统。并运用矢量控制的控制策略对网侧变换器和励磁侧变换器进行控制。并通过Matlab软件构建了最大风能追踪的仿真模型对其进行仿真,仿真表明论文中所提出的控制策略能够实现现风力发电系统的最大风能追...     

Wind Speed Estimation Based Sensorless Output Maximization Control for a Wind Turbine Driving a DFIG

This paper proposes a wind speed estimation based sensorless maximum wind power tracking control for variable-speed wind turbine generators (WTGs). A specific design of the proposed control algorithm for a wind turbine equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine are approximated by a Gaussian radial basis function network based nonlinear input-output mapping. Based on this nonlinear mapping, the wind speed is estimated from the measured generator electrical output power while taking into account the power losses in the WTG and the dynamics of the WTG shaft system. The estimated wind speed is then used to determine the optimal DFIG rotor speed command for maximum wind power extraction. The DFIG speed controller is suitably designed to effectively damp the low-frequency torsional oscillations. The resulting WTG system delivers maximum electrical power to the grid with high efficiency and high reliability without mechanical anemometers. The validity of the proposed control algorithm is verified by simulation studies on a 3.6MW WTG system. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed wind speed estimation algorithm is demonstrated by experimental studies on a small emulational WTG system.     

双馈风力发电系统低电压穿越的建模与控制

为提高双馈感应风力发电机组并网的运行稳定性,研究电网故障下双馈风电机组的运行特性,使发电机在电网故障时仍能保持不间断的运行。本文主要研究了基于Orowbar保护控制的低电压穿越运行的控制策略,通过Orowbar保护电路来限制电压跌落时转子回路的最大电流,并通过仿真分析了电压跌落的程度和旁路电阻的取值对控制的影响。仿真结果验证了在电网电压骤降下Crowbar保护电路的有效性,可实现双馈风力发电机不间断的运行。     

电网电压骤降情况下双馈风力发电机低电压穿越技术分析

根据电网规程要求．在电网故障情况下风力发电机组应能保持与电网的连接并向电网不问断供电。文中建立了在电网故障情况下的双馈感应发电机（DFIC）的数学模型,然后分析了实现低电雁穿越（LVRT）的各种改进控制策略和技术方法。     

Fault-tolerant VSI for stand-alone DFIG feeding an isolated DC load

In this article, a fault-tolerant voltage source inverter (VSI) is proposed for a novel topology of stand-alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) feeding an isolated DC load. In this topology, stator and rotor sides of DFIG are connected to DC-bus through a diode rectifier and VSI, respectively. The fault-tolerant VSI includes a redundant leg connected by bidirectional switches in order to replace the faulted leg and improve the reliability of the proposed system. The field oriented control strategy is adopted to control the d and q-axis rotor currents in order to maintain the voltage and the frequency at the output of the generator constant. A novel, easy and fast approach for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of open-switch damage in insulated gate bipolar transistor-based VSI is proposed in this study. This approach is developed using mathematical transformations such as a hysteresis detector, an integrator and a trigger. The FDI algorithm proposed here does not require the knowledge of the system model and is independent from its complexity. Simulations results are illustrated for a 3.7 kW DFIG feeding a DC load with open-switch fault in VSI that confirm the concepts proposed in this study.