一种保持直方图特性的JPEG图像掩密算法

传统的JPEG图像掩密算法往往因为改变了载体图像的DCT系数直方图而不能抵抗各种基于直方图的攻击,或者为了矫正直方图而降低了隐藏容量,该文提出一种新的保持直方图特性的算法。该算法在嵌入秘密消息时,动态建立Adjust_info表记录系数直方图被改变的情况,然后根据该表调整系数的变化方向,这样不但可以补偿直方图的改变,而且并不降低隐藏容量。对多幅图像的实验表明,该算法不但能够达到13%的高隐藏容量(压缩因子为75),而且掩密后图像总体DCT系数直方图的平均失真率为0.81%。由改进算法掩密后图像低频DCT系数直方图的最大失真率为3.83%,平均失真率只有1.98%,仅对直方图做了微小的改变,因此可以有效抵御各种直方图攻击,从而为安全掩密提供了可靠保证。     

基于蜜蜂进化算法的JPEG隐写方法

为提高嵌入效率,缩短算法运行时间,提出了一种基于蜜蜂进化算法的变换域隐写方法。该方法首先利用由蜜蜂进化算法搜索到的最优置换矩阵将秘密信息进行置换;接着修改了JPEG标准量化表以便能够嵌入较多的信息;将置换结果嵌入到量化后DCT系数的DC和中低频AC区域中;最后利用JPEG熵编码得到隐藏了信息的JPEG格式文件。实验结果表明,与直接嵌入方法相比较,该方法提高了含密图像的质量和安全性,与基于遗传算法的信息隐藏方法相比,该算法所花费时间更少。     

An integer wavelet transform based scheme for reversible data hiding in encrypted images

In this paper, a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme for encrypted digital images using integer wavelet transform, histogram shifting and orthogonal decomposition is presented. This scheme takes advantage of the Laplacian-like distribution of integer wavelet high-frequency coefficients in high frequency sub-bands and the independence of orthogonal coefficients to facilitate data hiding operation in encrypted domain, and to keep the reversibility. Experimental results has demonstrated that this scheme outperforms all of other existing RDH schemes in encrypted domain in terms of higher PSNR at the same amount of payload. Compared with the state-of-the-arts, the proposed scheme can be applied to all natural images with higher embedding rate.     

基于多项式秘密共享的图像密文域可逆信息隐藏

针对密文域可逆信息隐藏在多用户场景下算法嵌入率低、载体图像容灾性能较弱等问题，该文提出一种基于多项式秘密共享的图像密文域可逆信息隐藏方案。通过将图像分割成多幅影子图像并存储在不同的用户端，可以增强图像的容灾性，为了实现额外信息在图像重构前后提取的可分离性，该方案包括两种嵌入算法:算法1在图像分割的过程中，将额外信息嵌入多项式的冗余系数中得到含有额外信息的影子图像，该算法支持在图像重构之后提取额外信息；算法2针对图像分割后的任一影子图像，利用秘密共享的加法同态特性实施嵌入，该算法支持直接从影子图像中提取额外信息。实验在不同门限方案和影子图像压缩率的条件下进行测试，当压缩率为50%时，(3, 4)门限方案的嵌入率达4.18 bpp(bit per pixel)，(3, 5)门限方案的嵌入率达3.78 bpp。结果表明，两种嵌入算法分别支持从影子图像与重构图像中提取额外信息，实现了方案的可分离性；与现有方案相比，所提算法嵌入率较高、计算复杂度较低，具有较强的实用性。     

Reversible data hiding in Paillier cryptosystem

In this paper, reversible image data hiding in the Paillier cryptosystem is investigated. To transmit additional data in homomorphic encryption domain, two algorithms are proposed for different application scenarios. By exploiting the additive homomorphism, high-capacity data hiding can be accomplished with the first algorithm by conducting value expansion on the encrypted pixel values. But the hidden data can only be extracted after image decryption (i.e., in plain-text domain). With the second algorithm, both of data embedding and extraction can be performed in the encryption domain by exploiting the self-blinding property, while the corresponding plain-text values are unchanged. Compared with the reversible data hiding algorithms designed for encryption with a cipher stream, the proposed ones are more applicable in cloud computing without degrading the security level. Thus the additional data can be losslessly transmitted in the different applications of Paillier cryptosystem.     

Privacy-preserving reversible data hiding based on quad-tree block encoding and integer wavelet transform

Applications on the cloud server have matured, and protecting the privacy of the content owner has attracted more attention. Privacy-Preserving Reversible data hiding (PP-RDH) is an efficient technique for embedding additional data into an encrypted image. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving reversible data hiding scheme using the quad-tree partition and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) techniques. Our scheme focuses on improving the embedding rate and quality of the recovered image when a 2 × 2-sized, block-based image encryption method is applied to ensure relative higher security. On this basis, the IWT technique transforms the encrypted image, and coefficients in three high frequency subbands are converted into 8-bit binary system. Then, the quad-tree partition technique encodes each 8 × 8-sized coefficient block, since there are many zeroes in the front bit planes. The experimental results indicated that our proposed scheme significantly improved the embedding rate, and guaranteed lossless image recovery and data extraction.     

Separable reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on pixel value ordering and additive homomorphism

This work proposes a separable reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images based on pixel value ordering (PVO). After the original image is encrypted using homomorphism encryption by the content owner, the data hider embeds the secret data in encrypted domain. The PVO strategy realizes hiding data in each block. Additive homomorphism guarantees the performance of PVO in encrypted domain is close to that in plain domain. Besides, the homomorphism encryption does not cause data expansion, and the payload can be further improved. With the watermarked encrypted image, if the receiver has only the data hiding key, he can extract the additional data. If the receiver has only the encryption key, he can obtain a decrypted image similar to the original one. If the receiver has both the data hiding key and the encryption key, he can extract the additional data without any error and recover the original image losslessly.     

A Novel High Capacity Reversible Information Hiding Scheme Based on Side-Match Prediction and Shortest Spanning Path

In recent years, information hiding techniques have attracted increased attention owing to the growing demand for the ability to exchange large amounts of information. In addition, hiding information in compressed messages is very practical in improving transmission efficiency and saving large amounts of storage space. However, the damage caused by hiding data in compressed messages reduces image quality more than the damage caused by hiding data in uncompressed messages. Hence, this paper proposes a data hiding scheme based on side-match prediction and declustering techniques for vector quantization (VQ) compressed images. The appropriate side-match prediction not only embeds secret information into the VQ index but also reverses the original compressed index. In addition, the capacity for secret information can be varied adaptively depending on the requirements of different applications. As experimental results indicate, the proposed scheme indeed outperforms previous work in hiding capacity and in the image quality of stego-images.     

基于单向差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏

针对Tian差值扩展算法存在过分修改像素值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,提出一种基于单向差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并用较小的差值扩展量扩展单个色彩分量的像素值,扩展方向由上溢和下溢像素的数量决定;采用预先调整像素值的方法避免像素溢出,少量的调整信息即可代替定位图,嵌入容量大幅提高;提取端根据临界像素值的顺序定位调整像素的位置,用调整信息恢复调整像素,因此不需要嵌入定位图,在提取信息的同时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证图像质量的同时,嵌入容量有很大的提高。     

基于自适应差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏

针对Tian差值扩展嵌入算法存在过分修改像素值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,提出一种基于自适应预测误差差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法.利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,用分布表将差值分为单向和双向差值,结合单向和双向差值扩展的优势提高图像质量并消除溢出定位图.采用调整像素值的方法解决像素溢出问题.并用少量的调整信息代替定位图...     

High performance reversible data hiding for block truncation coding compressed images

Reversible data hiding has been a hot research topic because it can recover both the host media and hidden data without distortion. Because most digital images are stored and transmitted in compressed forms, such as JPEG, vector quantization, and block truncation coding (BTC), the reversible data hiding schemes in compressed domains have been paid more and more attention. Compared with transform coding, BTC has a significantly low complexity and less memory requirement, it therefore becomes an ideal data hiding domain. Traditional data hiding schemes in the BTC domain modify the BTC encoding stage or BTC-compressed data according to the secret bits, and they have a relatively low efficiency and meanwhile may reduce the image quality. This paper presents a novel reversible data hiding scheme based on the joint neighbor coding technique for BTC-compressed images by further losslessly encoding the BTC-compressed data according to the secret bits. First, BTC is performed on the original image to obtain the BTC-compressed data that can be represented by a high mean table, a low mean table, and a bitplane sequence. Then, the secret data are losslessly embedded in both the high mean and low mean tables. Our hiding scheme is a lossless method based on the relation among the current value and the neighboring ones in mean tables. In addition, it can averagely embed 2 bits in each mean value, which increases the capacity and efficiency. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms three existing BTC-based data hiding works, in terms of the bit rate, capacity, and efficiency.     

一种基于幅度预测的隐写分析方法

 提出一种基于图像小波系数相关规律性分析及幅度预测的隐写分析方法,首先对小波系数所处局部区域的相关规律性强弱进行定量分析;然后选择规律性较强的局部区域,利用自然图像小波系数在尺度间和尺度内的统计相关性,以及不同图像分量小波系数之间存在的相关性,对小波系数的幅度值进行自适应预测;最后通过分析预测误差的统计特性来判断图像中是否含有隐秘信息.实验证明该方法对于小波域信息隐藏具有较好的检测效果.     

An efficient high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images is an effective technique to embed information in encrypted domain, without knowing the original content of the image or the encryption key. In this paper, a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images based on MSB (most significant bit) prediction is proposed. Since the prediction is not always accurate, it is necessary to identify the prediction error and store this information in the location map. The stream cipher is then used to encrypt the original image directly. During the data hiding phase, up to three MSBs of each available pixel in the encrypted image are substituted by the bits of the secret message. At the receiving end, the embedded data can be extracted without any errors and the original image can be perfectly reconstructed by utilizing MSB prediction. Experimental results show that the scheme can achieve higher embedding capacity than most related methods.     

基于H.264/AVC视频的低频隐写算法

在分析现有视频信息隐藏算法的基础上,结合H.264/AVC视频低频域系数的特征,提出一种基于H.264/AVC低频域视频信息隐藏算法。在量化后的离散余弦变换(DCT, discrete cosine transform)块低频区中,选取3个绝对值最大的非零系数,用改进的矩阵编码的方法嵌入信息。实验结果表明,该算法能够实现实时嵌入和提取信息,信息嵌入容量大,嵌入效率高,对视频质量影响较小等特点。     

High-capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on specific encryption process

This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding method in encrypted images based on specific encryption process. In the proposed specific encryption algorithm, the stream cipher and prediction error are combined to vacate room for data embedding. After that, a permutation operation is performed on the encrypted image to improve the security. In the embedding process, we can embed a large amount of secret data in the encrypted image by pixel value expansion because most of the pixel values are less than 128 by the specific encryption process. At the receiver end, the encrypted image can be recovered from the marked encrypted image without knowing the secret data. Therefore, even if the recipient only has the encryption key, the original image will be perfectly recovered. If the recipient only has the data-hiding key, the secret data will be extracted. And if the recipient has both keys, the original image and the secret data are both available. The proposed method achieves a higher embedding capacity than that of methods based on vacating room after encryption. It does not require the image owner to perform reversible data hiding techniques on the original image, which is more convenient than methods based on reserving room before encryption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.     

Encrypted signal-based reversible data hiding with public key cryptosystem

Encrypted image-based reversible data hiding (EIRDH) is a well-known method allowing that (1) the image provider gives the data hider an encrypted image, (2) the data hider embeds the secret message into it to generate the encrypted image with the embedded secret message to the receiver, and (3) finally the receiver can extract the message and recover the original image without encryption. In the literature, the data hider and image provider must be specific parties who know the shared key with the receiver in traditional encrypted image-based reversible data hiding. In this paper, we propose an encrypted signal-based reversible data hiding (ESRDH) with public key cryptosystem, not only for images. The proposed scheme is secure based on Paillier homomorphic encryption. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme has much payload and high signal quality.     

Distortionless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform

A novel distortionless image data hiding algorithm based on integer wavelet transform that can invert the stego-image into the original image without any distortion after the hidden data are extracted is proposed. This algorithm hides data into one (or more) middle bit-plane(s) of the integer wavelet transform coefficients in the middle and high frequency subbands. It can embed much more data compared with the existing distortionless data hiding techniques and satisfy the imperceptibility requirement. The image histogram modification is used to prevent greyscales from possible overflowing. Experimental results have demonstrated the validity of the algorithm.     

Data hiding based on image texture classification

In this paper, a new pattern-based fragile, semi-blind, spatial domain data hiding scheme is proposed. The Local Binary Pattern texture classification approach is used, in order to transparently and securely embed secret data into an image. Pixel values are modified in such a way that the texture satisfies the message requirements. The method is thoroughly studied and compared to other techniques in spatial domain in terms of capacity and image quality. The scheme performs well in images with smooth areas and can be used for authentication, tamper proofing, and secret communications.     

Information hiding using operation of modulo 3 in JPEG coded domain

A new information hiding method in JPEG coded domain of digital images is proposed. The method embeds three bits of digital data into two quantised DCT coefficients by increasing or decreasing the value of each coefficient by one. Thus a lot of data are embedded without degrading image quality.     

基于块容量标签的密文图像可逆数据隐藏方法

密文图像的可逆数据隐藏技术既能保证载体内容不被泄露,又能传递附加信息。本文提出了一种基于块容量标签(block capacity label, BCL)的高容量密文图像可逆数据隐藏算法。该方案在图像加密之前进行预处理,首先将图像分为两个区域：参考像素区域和预测像素区域。然后将预测像素区域分为不重叠的块,根据所提出的算法确定分块的BCL,在对图像进行加密之后嵌入BCL,生成加密图像;在秘密数据嵌入阶段,根据BCL和数据隐藏密钥嵌入秘密数据。实验测试了BOWS-2数据集,平均嵌入容量为3.806 8 bpp,与现有方法相比,该方法可以获得更高的秘密数据嵌入容量,并可以实现原始图像的完美重建。