疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺溶液的稳定性研究

用粘度法研究了用模拟胜利油田盐水配制的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺溶液在高温下的稳定性。实验发现聚合物溶液粘度下降很快,硫脲和小分子醇类能明显增强聚合物溶液的高温稳定性。其中硫脲能起到抗氧剂的作用,在短期内能使溶液保持较好的稳定性;小分子醇类能与聚合物交联,使疏水缔合聚合物溶液的网状结构得以维持。用硫脲和自制的多羟基化合物以1∶5比例复配后的稳定剂结合了这两类物质的优点,当加入量为100mg/L时,使聚合物溶液的高温长期稳定性有了很大的提高。     

硝化纤维素在稀溶液中粘度与浓度的依赖关系

研究了硝化纤维素在稀溶液中的粘度行为。经现硝化纤维素在稀溶液中,当溶液的浓度小于某一值时,某增比浓粘度随溶液浓度的降低而急剧上升。研究表明：这是由于硝化纤维素分子在毛细管器壁上吸附造成的;在稀溶液区的这一转折浓度与高分子溶液的一个临界浓度Ｃｓ相对应,并从理论上定量给出预计这一临界浓度的方法。     

固相法氯化等规聚丙烯的溶液性能

研究了固相法CIPP的稀溶液和浓溶液性能 ,结果表明 ,随着氯含量的增加CIPP稀溶液的特性粘数和浓溶液的粘度都呈下降趋势。溶液粘度随氯化反应温度的升高上升较快 ,在力化学降解下CIPP的溶液粘度下降较快。CIPP固含量超过 2 0 % ,粘度上升较快     

丁二酸稀溶液的络合萃取

以磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、三烷基胺 (73 0 1)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行络合萃取。结果表明 :混合型络合剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行萃取 ,可取得满意的分离效果 ,平衡分配系数D高达 15 .2 8;讨论了丁二酸溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ,对三烷基胺络合萃取丁二酸稀溶液的机理进行了探讨     

稀乙酸对聚乙烯醇水溶液静电纺丝性能的影响

采用质量分数3%乙酸水溶液作为高醇解度聚乙烯醇(PVA)的溶剂,研究了PVA稀乙酸溶液的性质及其静电纺丝工艺。结果表明:加入质量分数3%乙酸,PVA溶液粘度下降,表面张力及电导率提高;纺丝液浓度对PVA稀乙酸溶液的静电纺丝性能影响最大;当PVA稀乙酸溶液质量分数为8%～13%,固化距离15mm,纺丝电压14～18kV时,可制得形态良好的PVA超细纤维无纺毡。     

溶剂气浮法分离有机物稀溶液的研究进展

论述了溶剂气浮法在分离有机物稀溶液方面的研究现状,对其所涉及的工艺和工程等关键问题作了介绍,对近期在工业应用中的中试研究进行了论述。展望了利用溶剂气浮法分离有机物稀溶液的工业化应用前景和研究重点。     

萃取、共沸精馏技术联用回收废液中的醋酸

针对化工生产过程中产生的稀醋酸溶液难以回收高纯度醋酸的问题,首先采用乙酸乙酯和苯的混合溶剂萃取浓缩稀醋酸溶液;再通过精馏蒸出溶液中的萃取剂和部分水;最后采用乙酸丁酯作为挟带剂,用共沸精馏法分离得到醋酸。得到的醋酸质量分数达96.84%,回收率达84.97%。对工业化回收稀醋酸溶液中的醋酸有一定的实用价值。     

在酸性介质中表面活性剂缓蚀性能的研究及其选择

研究了新的氨基醇类表面活性剂,在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀效果。考察酸浓度和温度的提高,对表面     

创新和循环经济是磷化工发展的必由之路：Ⅶ．湿、热法磷酸混合新工艺生产磷酸盐

介绍一种生产非肥料级磷酸盐的新工艺，其工艺特点在于将湿法磷酸和热法磷酸混合在一起．第一各路线是用净化湿法磷酸盐稀溶液（稀净化盐）、净化湿法磷酸（PPA）稀溶液或浓溶液与热法磷酸混合；另一条路线是在热法磷酸生产中循环酸的工艺补充水用稀净化盐和PPA稀溶液来代替.这项创新技术综合了湿法磷酸盐和热法磷酸盐两种传统工艺的优势，并具有节能降耗的优点，可以降低项目投资和生产成本     

有机羧酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究进展

络合萃取法对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。从络合萃取的反应机理、助溶剂及稀释剂的选择、络合萃取的平衡过程及工艺过程对有机羧酸稀溶液络合萃取的研究进展进行了评述。     

EXTRACTION OF LINCOMYCIN WITH LONG-CHAIN ALCOHOLS AS SOLVENT

ABSTRACT

The extraction of lincomycin with long-chain alcohols as solvent was studied. The experimental results indicated that the power of n-alkyl alcohols for the extraction of lincomycin depends mainly on the molarity of alcohols in solvent used. For alcohols with short carbon chain, the steric hindrance of alkyl groups in alcohols with different structure has only little influence on the extraction of lincomycin. The chemistry of extraction of lincomycin with alcohols as solvent was discussed.     

Molecular insights for the optimization of solvent‐based selective extraction of ethanol from fermentation broths

Simulations and experiments were carried out to explore the solvent extraction of ethanol from aqueous solution using a series of seven 10‐carbon alcohols. It is shown that configurational‐bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble coupled with the TraPPE‐UA force field can be utilized for predictive screening of the different extraction abilities (in terms of capacity factor and selectivity) of these alcohols. Analysis of the simulation trajectories indicates that extraction capacity is connected to the stabilization of larger ethanol/water cluster in the organic solvent, whereas selectivity is improved when smaller ethanol/water clusters are more prevalent. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3065–3070, 2013     

不同工艺制得玫瑰精油香气差异对比分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法、超临界CO2萃取法提取玫瑰精油,采用气质联用技术对精油进行成分分析,结果表明,超临界CO2萃取法得到的玫瑰精油共有56种成分,以高级醇类和酯类为主,其中酯类相对质量分数是3种方法中最高的,为13%,特征清香成分相对质量分数为4.568%,总体上香气甜而饱满,拥有厚重优雅的底香,油脂味很淡,清香气息相对突出;水蒸气蒸馏工艺玫瑰精油含有60种成分,以高级醇类为主要成分,相对质量分数高达74.492%,主体香气成分相对质量分数最高,为72.057%,但苯乙醇的相对质量分数却只有0.711%,气息虽然香甜,但略显单薄,缺少蜜样香气;溶剂萃取玫瑰精油含有48种成分,以高级醇类和酯类为主要成分,烷酮类的相对质量分数较高,达到4.257%,所以油脂味较重,清香气息不突出,天然感较差.     

Phase equilibrium data pertaining to the extraction of cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol

Summary Basic phase relation data have been obtained relative to the extraction of cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol, especially as affected by water in the solvent. Mutual solubility diagrams have been constructed for cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol of various aqueous concentrations. Tie-line data at 30° C. have been obtained for the ternary ethanol-cotton-seed oil-water and 2-propanol-cottonseed oil-water systems. These combined data will be of assistance in the selection of the most desirable temperatures and moisture concentrations in the solvent extraction of cottonseed with these alcohols. Comparison with results previously published for soybean oil suggests that the mutual solubility data for cottonseed oil and aqueous ethanols are applicable to other vegetable oils over a wide range of iodine values. In general, the results indicate that 2-propanol is the more desirable solvent since complete miscibility with the oil can be attained at temperatures below its normal boiling point even at moisture contents as high as 10% by weight whereas ethanol can tolerate only about 1.5% of water. High moisture contents result in more effective separation of the oil from the solvent when the miscella is cooled after extraction. Constant boiling aqueous ethanol and 2-propanol present the disadvantage of requiring greater than atmospheric pressure during extraction in order to attain complete miscibility with the oil. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

嗜水气单胞菌胞内聚3-羟基丁酸-3-羟基己酸酯（PHBHHx）提取方法的研究

以嗜水气单胞菌利用月桂酸发酵生产PHBHHx,比较多种溶剂对提取率和产品质量的影响,建立了嗜水气单胞菌胞内提取PHBHHx的新方法。本方法使用湿细胞提取,节省干燥细胞的能耗,仲丁醇无异味、毒性小、价格低廉,而且可以循环多次利用、对相对分子质量影响小,解决了工业生产上能耗高,生产成本高,溶剂回收难,安全隐患多,提取率不高、产品质量低等问题。用仲丁醇作溶剂,预处理细胞提取率提高13％,相对分子质量达83万,提取率达78％,产品纯度达99％以上。     

A Comparison of Americium Extractions as a Function of Time using Two Bis-Triazine-Bipyridine Ligands in Long-Chained Alcohol Diluents

The rate of americium mass transfer between the aqueous and organic phase in a solvent extraction system has been investigated. The ligand used is CyMe₄-BTBP and the diluents are long-chained alcohols. The results are compared with earlier reported data using C5-BTBP as ligand. In the C5-BTBP system the rate of the extraction could be correlated with the interfacial tension of the system, while not in the CyMe₄-BTBP system. In the CyMe₄-BTBP system a high (> 12) or low (< 9) dielectric constant of the diluent affects the equilibrium distribution ratio. Dielectric constants in between these two did not affect the extraction.     

Acquisition of Water Solubility Diagrams in Ternary Systems (AOT/Organic Solvent/Alcohol) and Extraction of α-Lactalbumin Using Reverse Micellar Systems

In this study water solubility curves were constructed and calorimetric measurements obtained for reverse micellar systems consisting of an alcohol (isopropanol or butanol), surfactant (AOT) and organic solvent (isooctane or hexane). Also evaluated were the effects of alcohol and solvent type and surfactant concentration on the extraction of the α-lactalbumin (α–la). From the obtained solubility diagrams for ternary systems, it was concluded that isooctane presented the highest water solubility capacity in the center of the micelle systems with hexane, since isooctane has greater molecular volume and greater effect of the surfactant aggregation number. With respect to the alcohols, it was observed that isopropanol and butanol act in the system as a co-surfactant, since they prefer to adsorb at the water/solvent interface. It was also verified that butanol improved water solubility inside the reverse micellar due to its contribution to increase the critical packing parameter. The amount of α-la extracted increased proportionally with the AOT concentration for systems with isooctane and hexane. However, for systems with the latter solvent, the concentration of extracted protein first increases and then decreases. The extraction power of reverse micellar systems with isooctane was influenced by the type of alcohol with butanol showing better results. For systems containing hexane there was no effect of the alcohol added to the system on extraction power of α-lactalbumin.     

Extraction of Phospholipids from Egg Yolk Flakes Using Aqueous Alcohols

Two alcohols, ethanol and butanol, with different water contents were evaluated for phospholipids (PL) sequential extraction from drum dried egg yolk flakes. It showed that butanol was more effective in extracting total yolk lipids compared to ethanol, but the PL in the extract had the same concentration as in the original yolk total lipid. The use of aqueous ethanol of 95 and 75% resulted in lipid extracts with higher PL concentration during the initial stages of the sequential extraction. When ethanol was further diluted to a concentration of 55%, the solvent lost its PL extraction ability, and the total lipid recovery also decreased dramatically. When both the PL purity and recovery were considered, 75% ethanol was the most effective aqueous alcohol for PL extraction and enrichment from the yolk flakes. In the first stage of extraction using such a solvent, 67% of the total PL in the original yolk was recovered in a lipid fraction with a PL purity of 75%. This study identified the optimal ethanol concentration for PL extraction from dried egg yolk. With this information, the best solid:solvent ratio can be designed to extract and enrich the polar lipids from lipid-bearing materials with known moisture content using a renewable or “green” solvent, ethanol.     

盐湖卤水提硼萃取剂的研究进展

溶剂萃取法是一种有工业应用前景的盐湖卤水提硼方法,而萃取分离的核心问题在于萃取剂的选择。为此,本文综述了近几年国内外盐湖卤水提硼萃取剂类型及其萃取效果,按照萃取剂结构和萃取方法将提硼萃取剂划分为脂肪醇（包括一元脂肪醇和二元脂肪醇）、芳香醇、混合醇等三部分加以叙述,着重介绍了应用最广的两种萃取剂,即2-乙基己醇和2-乙基-1,3-己二醇的研究与应用情况。同时介绍了大量新型结构的?-二醇类萃取剂,指出了今后提硼萃取剂的设计合成的发展趋势,为盐湖卤水萃取提硼工艺开发中萃取剂的选择提供重要参考。     

Solvent efficiency for oil extraction from spent bleaching clay

Various alcohols and hydrocarbons were used as solvents to extract the residual oil in spent bleaching clay from palm oil refining. The content of oil and minor components in the spent clay was >40% by weight. The efficiencies of extraction by the polar alcohols, except for methanol, were higher but with a slower initial rate than the nonpolar hydrocarbons. The free fatty acids contents, the Totox values (anisidine value+2 x peroxide value), and the color of the alcohol-extracted oil were also higher than that by the hydrocarbons resulting in poorer quality oils. All the extracted oils, irrespective of the solvent used, have poorer quality than crude palm oil. However, for regeneration of the residual spent clay, the polar alcohols should be more suitable as more of the impurities are removed.