Magnetostriction and hysteresis of <110> oriented TbDyHoFe_1.95 alloy

(Tb0.36Dy0.64)1-xHoxFe1.95 magnetostrictive alloys with <110> orientation were prepared by zone melting directionally solidified method.The magnetostrictive performance and hysteresis of <110> aligned polycrystalline(Tb0.36Dy0 64)1-xHoxFe1.95 were investigated under applied magnetic field H(0相似文献   

Nonverbal behaviors of "good" and "poor" counselors.

Determined whether skills involved in decoding of nonverbal behaviors are related to the clinical skills of the beginning counselor. Two groups of master's level counselor-trainees (N?=?24) served as Ss. One group was judged by the practicum supervisor as "good" (top 20%) and the other was judged as "poor" (bottom 20%) in interviewing skills. Each counselor conducted a 21-min videotaped interview with a client. The counselor's nonverbal behaviors were rated by the client (using the Behavior Rating Form) and were analyzed by 2 training judges on 4 dimensions of nonverbal behaviors. Decoding skills, as measured by a film test (the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), were compared between good and poor groups. Also, client- and judge-rated counselor nonverbal behaviors were compared with decoding skills. Results show no significant difference between good and poor counselors in nonverbal decoding abilities. Counselor nonverbal behaviors, as rated by judges, showed no significant correlations with decoding skills; however, client ratings were inversely related to nonverbal decoding skills. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of manganite (La_0.8Ho_0.2)_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ and (La_0.5Ho_0.5)_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃

We reported the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects(MCE) of(La0.8Ho0.2)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and(La0.5Ho0.5)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 nanoparticles by sol-gel technique.With this method,we were able to obtain the samples with particle diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm.In the(La1-xHox)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 compound,an external magnetic field induced a magnetic transition from an paramagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic phase above Ts=105-135 K,leading to magnetocaloric effects.The maximum value of ΔSM was 1.19 J/(kg·K) at 100 K and 2.03 J/(kg·K) at 152 K for a magnetic field change of 5 T.Because both samples had large relative cooling power(RCP) and wide δTFWHM,the study on systems with the(La1-xHox)2/3Ca1/3MnO3-related magnetic transitions may open an important field in searching good magnetic materials.     

On Locke's "Revision" of "Job satisfaction reconsidered."

Responds to comments by E. A. Locke (1978) on W. R. Nord's (see record 1978-30586-001) discussion of assumptions underlying job satisfaction research. Locke's comments are said to be a distortion of the original article; however, issues raised by Locke's comments are discussed, including the attention given to the extrinsic reward of pay. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A review of rare-earth oxide films as high k dielectrics in MOS devices——Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician Guangxian Xu

Recently,rare-earth oxide films have attracted more and more attention as gate dielectrics in metaloxide-semiconductor(MOS)devices,showing the advantages of high dielectric constant(k value),large band gap(Eg)and outstanding physical and chemical stability in contact with silicon substrates.This paper reviews the recent development of rare earth oxide-based gate dielectric films.Aiming at the problem that k value of rare earth oxides(REOs)is generally inversely proportio nal to the band gap value,one of the biggest technical obstacles of high k films,we reviewed three strategies reported in recent papers,namely doping modification,nitriding treatment and multilayer composite,which can provide some insights for long-term development of MOS devices in integrated circuit(IC).     

Facile synthesis of visible light excited La_1-xGd_xF₃:Eu³⁺ micro-meter sphere using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a template

Lanthanide fluorides exhibited unique luminescent properties in terms of their low phonon energy can restrict the luminescence quenching and extend luminescent lifetimes.Here,a room-temperature co-precipitation method was used to synthesize europium(III) activated La1-xGdxF3 solid phosphors.X-ray diffraction(XRD) data confirmed the crystalline phases of synthesized sample belongs to orthorhombic system.All the as-derived materials exhibited red luminescence(5D0→7F1) under the excitation at longer wavelengths(394 and 466 nm).The powder with the most intense emission was achieved in terms of 10 mol.% doping concentration(Eu content,La/Gd=1/9) and sample sintered at 700 oC.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) investigated the morphology and crystalline of the samples,showing that many regular and large balls(5-10 μmol/L) were dispersed within the micro-meter scale composites.We proved that the above crystal growth structures were controllable and predicable based on the surface functionalization by polyvinylpyrrolidone ligand.     

"Learned helplessness" or "learned incompetence"?

Most experiments on learned helplessness (LH) have not dissociated contingency from success, a procedure that has led to the belief that uncontrollability (noncontingency) is the determining feature of LH. Actually, it is not clear whether uncontrollability or failure is responsible for the LH effect, nor is it clear which of these 2 factors would be sufficient to induce the deficits found. This confusion was examined in the present 2 experiments with 80 undergraduates, who completed Rotter's Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, a pretreatment task (a concept formation task in Exp I and a task based on the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test in Exp II), and an aftereffect task (Stroop Color–Word Test). Results suggest that uncontrollability is not a necessary or sufficient condition for producing LH. Both contingent and noncontingent Ss who experienced failure in a pretreatment task subsequently displayed deficits on tasks that did not require a problem-solving strategy. Noncontingent Ss who experienced success did not show performance decrement. It is proposed that "learned incompetence" may better account for what is experienced in this type of experiment. (French summary) (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Psychotherapy" Versus "Treatment".

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" (see record 2004-21168-001) by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimization of BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ phosphors by the substitution of Si-N bonds for Al-O bonds

We proposed a simple method to improve the thermal stability of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+(BAM) phosphors by the substitution of Si-N bonds for Al-O bonds in the host lattice.Both photoluminescence properties and thermal stability under ultraviolet(UV) and vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) excitation could be significantly improved through Si-N incorporation.After thermal degradation at 600 °C for 1 h in air atmosphere,the Si-N doped sample(Ba0.88Eu0.12MgAl9.97Si0.03O16.97N0.03) had the highest emission intensity which was 22% and 40% stronger than that of as-received sample under UV and VUV excitation,respectively.This could be attributed to the stable local structure surrounding the Eu2+ ions and the lower electronegativity of nitrogen.     

Schools of "thought."

Challenges J. Wolpe's (see record 1979-12261-001) assertion that cognitive (COG) formulations add little to an adequate understanding and treatment of psychological disorders. Conceptual and empirical issues are addressed. Although COG therapies may not be unequivocally superior to other methods, preliminary data suggest that COG approaches may contribute to the clinical effectiveness of psychological or behavioral treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The "difference of means" may not be the "effect size".

Comments on J. Cohen's (see record 1995-12080-001) article with the purpose of restraining enthusiasm for the report of effect size in the form of a confidence interval for the differences of means, rather than the null hypothesis significance testing declaration that the effect size is not zero. Three examples are given in which measurement of effect sizes in the scale of the dependent variable tells researchers little that they need to know. It is suggested that better information might be obtained from effect sizes measured using the d statistic. (N. Cliff; see record 1994-08169-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-Rhombohedral Boron Powders<Emphasis Type="Italic"> via</Emphasis> Gas Phase Thermal Dissociation of Boron Trichloride by Hydrogen

The α-rhombohedral and β-rhombohedral crystal structures of pure elemental boron powders have been synthesized via gas phase thermal dissociation of BCl₃ by H₂ on a quartz substrate. The parameters affecting the crystal structures of the final products and the process efficiency, such as BCl₃/H₂ molar ratio (1/2 and 1/4) and reaction temperature (1173 K to 1373 K [900 °C to 1100 °C]), have been examined. The experimental apparatus of original design has enabled boron powders to be obtained at temperatures lower than those in the literature. The surface/powder separation problem encountered previously with different substrate materials has been avoided. Boron powders have been synthesized with a minimum purity of 99.99 pct after repeated HF leaching. The qualitative analysis of exhaust gases has been conducted using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The synthesized powders have been characterized using an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The results of the reactions have been compared with equilibrium predictions performed using the FactSage 6.2 (Center for Research in Computational Thermochemistry, Montreal, Canada) thermochemical software.     

Defining a "fair" or "unbiased" selection model: A question of utilities.

Describes a general selection model for selecting minority and majority applicants. The procedure consists of assigning utilities or losses to the "consequences" of selection decisions and deriving acceptance scores which maximize (minimize) the expected utility (loss). The question of "unfair" selection arises when applicants do not agree with the institution's utility (loss) assignment. 5 recently proposed models of fair selection are viewed in terms of an expected loss model and are shown to be procedures which implicitly assign loss values. It is concluded that utility (loss) values are always present in a selection problem, whether assigned explicitly or implicitly. Further, since applicants will probably never agree on a utility structure there cannot be a universal, fair, selection procedure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research on microstructure and magnetostriction of Fe₈₃Ga₁₇Dy_x alloys

The crystal structure,microstructure and the magnetostriction of Fe83Ga17Dyx(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6) series alloys were studied.The results showed that the influence of the Dy on the crystal structure of the alloy was very small but the effect on the microstructure was significant when different contents of Dy were added into the Fe83Ga17 alloy,respectively.Meanwhile,the magnetostriction of Fe83Ga17Dy0.2 alloy was greatly enhanced,the magnetostriction λ value reached 300×10-6 at 400(kA/m) magnetic field.     

Ferroelectric and Dielectric Behavior of Samarium-Substituted Bi<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> Nanomaterials Synthesized by Gel Combustion Method

Samarium (Sm) substituted bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, BT) nanoparticles with compositions of Bi_4?xSm_xTi₃O₁₂ (BSmT) (where x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) were prepared by using the gel combustion method. X-ray diffraction pattern of prepared nanoparticles confirmed that all the BSmT compositions were of the single phase orthorhombic structure with the space group of B2ab. The dielectric loss at 100 Hz varied from 0.0925 to 0.056 with an increase in Samarium content. Dielectric loss confirmed the lower leakage current of BSmT nanoparticles. The ferroelectric behavior of BSmT nanoparticles showed that the Bi_3.50Sm_0.50Ti₃O₁₂ had good ferroelectric property and also had minimum leakage current. The increase of coercive field (Ec) and the increase of remnant polarizations (Pr) were pronounced with the increase in Sm content confirming to the fact that the substitution of Sm³⁺ had improved the ferroelectric properties of BT.     

The "I," the "we," and the "when": A meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.

What is the primary motivational basis of self-definition? The authors meta-analytically assessed 3 hypotheses: (a) The individual self is motivationally primary, (b) the collective self is motivationally primary, and (c) neither self is inherently primary; instead, motivational primacy depends on which self becomes accessible through contextual features. Results identified the individual self as the primary motivational basis of self definition. People react more strongly to threat and enhancement of the individual than the collective self. Additionally, people more readily deny threatening information and more readily accept enhancing information when it pertains to the individual rather than the collective self, regardless of contextual influences. The individual self is the psychological home base, a stable system that can react flexibly to contextual influences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In-Situ</Emphasis> Observations of Martensitic Transformation in Blast-Resistant Steel

A hybrid in-situ characterization system, which couples the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) with the time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) measurement with synchrotron radiation, was used to characterize the microstructure evolution during heat-affected zone (HAZ) thermal cycling of high-strength and blast-resistant steel. The combined technique has a time resolution of 0.3 seconds that allows for high-fidelity measurements of transformation kinetics, lattice parameters, and morphological features. The measurements showed a significant reduction in the martensite start transformation temperature with a decrease in the prior austenite grain size. In addition, the LSCM images confirmed the concurrent refinement of martensite packet size with smaller austenite grain sizes. This is consistent with dilatometric observations. The austenite grain size also influenced the rate of transformation (df _m /dT); however, the measurements from the hybrid (surface) and dilatometric (volume) measurements were inconsistent. Challenges and future directions of adopting this technique for comprehensive tracking of microstructure evolution in steels are discussed.     

"The experience of "forgetting" childhood abuse: A national survey of psychologists": Correction.

Reports 2 errors in the Results section of the original article by S. Feldman-Summers and K. S. Pope (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1994[June], Vol 62[3], 636–639). The 1st sentence of paragraph 2 in the subsection Reported Abuse should read, "Sexual abuse was reported by 22.7% of the women and by 16.5% of the men, for a total of 20% of the sample.' A correction is also provided for the final sentence of paragraph 3 in the subsection Forgotten Abuse. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-39093-001.) A national sample of psychologists were asked whether they had been abused as children and, if so, whether they had ever forgotten some or all of the abuse. Almost a quarter of the sample (23.9%) reported childhood abuse, and of those, approximately 40% reported a period of forgetting some or all of the abuse. The major findings were that (1) both sexual and nonsexual abuse were subject to periods of forgetting; (2) the most frequently reported factor related to recall was being in therapy; (3) approximately one half of those who reported forgetting also reported corroboration of the abuse; and (4) reported forgetting was not related to gender or age of the respondent but was related to severity of abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Discriminating the "good" from the "bad" therapy hour: A study of dyadic interaction.

Investigated whether better interviews could be discriminated from worse interviews, using (1) relative client–therapist activity levels and (2) the degree of structure implicit in the therapist's messages. Eight 22–58 yr old clients and their therapists whose professional experience ranged from 1 to 4 yrs had congruent perceptions of 2 sessions, one good and one bad. Group and case-by-case comparisons were made of the natural language in these interviews. Results show metacomplementary patterns in both good and bad sessions, but client–therapist activity tended to be more asymmetrical in the worse interviews. In the bad sessions, these therapists either participated even more actively than their clients or were passive, while in their good sessions client–therapist participation levels were more balanced. In the good interviews, therapists consistently provided a moderate degree of structure (significantly more reassurance/encouragement, information, and interpretation), as opposed to lower structure (notably reflection/restatement) or higher structure (information seeking and guidance/advice) in their bad interviews. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)