An architecture framework for enterprise IT service availability analysis

This paper presents an integrated enterprise architecture framework for qualitative and quantitative modeling and assessment of enterprise IT service availability. While most previous work has either focused on formal availability methods such as fault trees or qualitative methods such as maturity models, this framework offers a combination. First, a modeling and assessment framework is described. In addition to metamodel classes, relationships and attributes suitable for availability modeling, the framework also features a formal computational model written in a probabilistic version of the object constraint language. The model is based on 14 systemic factors impacting service availability and also accounts for the structural features of the service architecture. Second, the framework is empirically tested in nine enterprise information system case studies. Based on an initial availability baseline and the annual evolution of the 14 factors of the model, annual availability predictions are made and compared with the actual outcomes as reported in SLA reports and system logs. The practical usefulness of the method is discussed based on the outcomes of a workshop conducted with the participating enterprises, and some directions for future research are offered.     

面向人员工作流管理系统开发框架的设计实现

提出一种适用于面向人员工作流管理系统的开发框架,重点论述了框架的设计实现,并介绍具体应用实例。框架设置了三个层次：业务对象层、Runtime层和业务实体层。业务对象层提供简洁的API;Runtime层设置了统一的管理环境,保证面向人员工作流应用软件的可靠运行;业务实体层持久化并管理工作流对象。利用此框架开发面向人员工作流管理系统将大大简化开发的复杂性,提高系统的可维护性。     

迁移工作流系统中位置服务体系结构的研究与设计

将位置对迁移实例（MI）的服务区分为迁移实例服务和工作流服务，基于多线程设计了一种支持两类服务的体系结构，不仅有效地提高了位置服务的效率，同时增强了位置服务的可扩展性。     

A service accountability framework for QoS service management and engineering

Service science, management and engineering (SSME) research is to study the methodology and technology for service innovation, design, development and delivery. Since service industry is very quality-sensitive and trust-dependent, we propose a service accountability management framework to detect, diagnose, defuse and disclose the root cause for any problematic service process. The accountability support is important for SSME since service processes often rely on external service providers to deliver part of the service functionalities. A service system must have effective yet efficient mechanisms to ensure that every external service is delivering a consistent and acceptable level of performance to meet the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) of the whole service process. In this paper, we present the accountability framework, identify the components in an accountable service architecture, and design an accountability diagnosis methodology. We also briefly present the inteLLigent Accountability Management Architecture (LLAMA) project which implements the accountability service bus (ASB), an agent-based middleware to support the monitoring, diagnosis, and reconfiguration of e-services. LLAMA ASB interacts with accountability agents to monitor services and the Accountability Authority to automatically diagnose faulty situations. The LLAMA technology is useful to ensure the QoS in SSME-based systems.     

基于Web 服务和工作流的MIS框架模型的研究

分析了目前企业管理信息系统的不足,介绍了Web服务和工作流技术,提出了一种基于Web服务和工作流技术的企业管理信息系统框架,给出了系统的体系结构和软件框架模型,为建立企业管理信息系统提供了新的思路。最后给出了一具体实例,介绍了该模型的应用。     

A model-driven framework for enterprise service management

With a steady pace of adoption of service-oriented architecture, enterprises have made significant progresses in implementing various kinds of Web services and converting existing applications to service-oriented architecture. As a significant number of services have been put into actual use, many service-oriented enterprises are faced with the problem of how to manage these services efficiently. In this paper, we propose a model-driven framework for a more efficient management of these services. In this framework, the creation and maintenance of enterprise integration solutions are modeled by flows, finite state machines (FSMs), role-based access control (RBAC) among other formal systems models as well as appropriate decision models. For instance, each enterprise integration solution would be modeled as composite services that can be described by respective flow, FSM and RBAC models. These solution models can then be stored, and later retrieved for the execution of these composite services. Furthermore, formal systems and decision models are also used to maintain and update these service-oriented solutions to improve the efficiency and quality of service management by taking advantage of the underlying service-oriented architecture.     

A dynamic workflow framework for mass customization using web service and autonomous agent techniques

Custom software development and maintenance is one of the key expenses associated with developing automated systems for mass customization. This paper presents a method for reducing the risk associated with this expense by developing a flexible environment for determining and executing dynamic workflow paths. Strategies for developing an autonomous agent-based framework and for identifying and creating web services for specific process tasks are presented. The proposed methods are outlined in two different case studies to illustrate the approach for both a generic process with complex workflow paths and a more specific sequential engineering process.     

Composer-Science: A semantic service based framework for workflow composition in e-Science projects

An important element in e-Science research is scientific workflow which is, in general, very long and composed of many computations, and represents a scientific process. Generally, a scientific workflow is difficult to define. One way to define it is using tools that aggregate semantics to assist in composition. In this context, this paper presents a proposal that aims to make composition of scientific workflows possible, considering semantic search of Web services and incorporating them into workflow definition.     

A generic architecture for autonomic service and network management

As the Internet evolves into an all-IP communication infrastructure, a key issue to consider is that of creating and managing IP-based services with efficient resource utilization in a scalable, flexible, and automatic way. In this paper, we present the Autonomic Service Architecture (ASA), a uniform framework for automated management of both Internet services and their underlying network resources. ASA ensures the delivery of services according to specific service level agreements (SLAs) between customers and service providers. As an illustrative example, ASA is applied to the management of DiffServ/MPLS networks, where we propose an autonomic bandwidth sharing scheme. With the proposed scheme, the bandwidth allocated for each SLA can be automatically adjusted according to the measured traffic load and under policy control for efficient resource utilization, while SLA compliance over the network is always guaranteed.     

A model-driven workflow fragmentation framework for collaborative workflow architectures and systems

This paper focuses on a workflow distribution methodology for rationally deploying workflow models onto a distributed workflow system running on cloud computing environments, and we particularly lay a stress upon that those workflow systems operable on cloud computing environments are dubbed collaborative workflow systems, which are not only built upon the collaborative workflow architectures proposed in the paper, but pursuing the so-called collaborative computing paradigm characterized by focusing collaboration over cloud computing environments. The essential idea of the workflow distribution methodology is about how to fragment a workflow model and how to allocate its fragments to each of the architectural components configuring the underlying collaborative workflow architecture and system. As a reasonable solution to realize the essential idea, the paper proposes a model-driven workflow fragmentation framework, which provides a series of fragmentation algorithms that semantically fragmentate a workflow model by considering the semantic factors - performer, role, control-flow, data-flow, etc. - of the ICN-based workflow model as fragmentation criteria. The algorithms are classified into the vertical fragmentation approach, the horizontal fragmentation approach, and the hybrid approach of both. Conclusively, this paper conceives a possible set of collaborative workflow architectures embedding the collaborative computing paradigm, and describes the detailed formalism of the framework and about how the framework works on those collaborative workflow architectures and systems.     

面向集团企业的服务工作流系统架构研究

集团企业必须适应动态的业务组织方式,以响应瞬息万变的市场需求。在服务相关知识的基础上,对服务工作流进行分析和定义,并构建基于服务工作流的引擎执行框架。针对服务工作流在组合过程中的不足,对服务进行语义信息扩展,建立动态的服务调度机制。提出一种面向集团企业的服务工作流系统体系架构,为集团企业在新环境下实现按需整合业务和优化资源配置提供解决方案。最后通过具体的集团制造应用实例说明该架构的实施方法。     

Designing an evaluation framework for IT service management

Applying IT Service Management (ITSM) is a key issue in the management of an organisation's IT function. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the most popular and influential framework for applying ITSM. With adoption growing globally it is important to understand the benefits that ITIL processes can bring to an organisation. To date the benefits of implementing and using ITIL processes have been predicted or assumed with very little research and minimal anecdotal evidence. We present a design of a holistic evaluation framework for ITSM improvement efforts with particular focus on ITIL.     

A distributed server architecture supporting dynamic resource provisioning for BPM-oriented workflow management systems

Workflow management systems have been widely used in many business process management (BPM) applications. There are also a lot of companies offering commercial software solutions for BPM. However, most of them adopt a simple client/server architecture with one single centralized workflow-management server only. As the number of incoming workflow requests increases, the single workflow-management server might become the performance bottleneck, leading to unacceptable response time. Development of parallel servers might be a possible solution. However, a parallel server architecture with a fixed-number of servers cannot efficiently utilize computing resources under time-varying system workloads. This paper presents a distributed workflow-management server architecture which adopts dynamic resource provisioning mechanisms to deal with the probable performance bottleneck. We implemented a prototype system of the proposed architecture based on a commercial workflow management system, Agentflow. A series of experiments were conducted on the prototype system for performance evaluation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed architecture can deliver scalable performance and effectively maintain stable request response time under a wide range of incoming workflow request workloads.     

Developing a framework for evaluating service oriented architecture governance (SOAG)

Today, service oriented architecture (SOA) has created the opportunities to improve agility and speed in aligning business needs with information technology infrastructure. Most of the organizations in the process of applying this technology encounter with challenges and may have failure despite of spending a lot of energy and huge investments. Therefore they need to implement a service oriented framework for governance. The organizations require a framework to assess their current status of SOA governance, determine their SOA governance requirements and then offer a suitable model for their SOA governance. The aim of this study is development of a framework for evaluating SOA governance. Data collection tool is questionnaire and in order to test the proposed framework, a sample of 16 experts in the field of SOA was included. The results confirm the proposed framework. Then in order to evaluation of the confirmed framework; it was implemented in an Iranian private bank.     

构造可扩展工作流的语义机制模型*

为了提高复杂多样的应用环境下的工作流性能,基于Petri网构建块定义了工作流元对象模型和工作流领域本体OWLW,在传统工作流系统中引入了元对象协议,构造了一种新的面向语义的工作流模型;在此基础上讨论了一种基于多agent的软件架构来实现面向语义的工作流机制,说明了面向语义的工作流对于提高传统工作流的灵活性和可扩展性是有效的。     

BOM驱动的维修需求和计划业务对象管理框架

高质量的维修服务已成为产品成功与否的最重要因素之一。而维修需求和计划管理是产品维修服务的核心业务。提出了由中性结构和实例结构组成的复合式维修BOM结构,建立和分析了维修需求和计划管理的业务对象模型。在此基础上,提出了维修需求和计划管理的业务对象管理框架。描述了基于此框架进行维修需求和计划管理的过程,并举了一个实例。原型系统和业务逻辑推理的结果表明,该框架对于各种产品尤其是复杂产品的维修业务有很好的灵活性和实用性。     

Ontological map of service oriented architecture for shared services management

Service oriented architecture (SOA) and shared services (SS) have been widely studied in the information technology literature. However, there is a lack of tools for shared services management (SSM) to apply SOA. This paper proposes an ontological map for SSM to apply SOA. This mapping approach, based on the well-known Zachman framework of information architecture, specifies the ontological perspective of SOA for SSM. The ontological map semantically links all aspects of SOA for SSM. Through a case study, a design artifact of computerized ontological map of SOA demonstrates the usability of the artifact for SSM.     

一种网格工作流委托授权框架模型

在动态构建服务网格虚拟组织以协同问题求解的新趋势下,提出了一种服务网格工作流委托授权模型。提出委托凭证以细粒度地表示授权决策结果,定义了委托步和委托结构体以及它们之间的依赖关系以形式化地描述流程任务之间的内在约束关系。工作流的每个原子任务被授予一个由委托凭证和激活凭证集组成的委托步,每个任务被授予一个由委托步集和激活凭证集组成的委托结构体。各自的激活凭证集分别规定了委托步之间和委托结构体之间的依赖关系。通过监控委托步和委托结构体能够细粒度地控制网格工作流授权执行过程。实例表明了该模型能满足工作流应用对安全的需求。     

Magi: an architecture for mobile and disconnected workflow

Automated workflow systems do not yet adequately address information mobility or tasks disconnected from the rest of a business process. While the current Web infrastructure lends itself to disseminating information, it also inhibits the decentralization of process definitions and their execution required by workflow systems. The Micro-Apache Generic Interface which is based on the popular Apache HTTP server, is an architecture that can overcome some of these limitations