Interactive information services using World-Wide Web hypertext

Most World-Wide Web information servers provide simple browsing access to collections of static text or hypertext files. This paper describes some interactive World-Wide Web servers that produce information displays and documents dynamically rather than just providing access to static files. The PARC Map Viewer uses a geographic database to create and display maps of any part of the world on demand. The Digital Tradition folk music server provides access to a large database of song lyrics and melodies. These applications take advantage of the multimedia capabilities of World-Wide Web to deliver graphical and audio content as well as formatted text. Hypertext links are used not only for navigation, but also for setting search and presentation parameters. In these applications the HTML format and the HTTP protocol are used like a user interface tool kit to provide not only document retrieval but a complete custom user interface specialized for the application.     

Using visual spatial search interface for WWW applications

Most Internet search engines are keyword-based. They are not efficient for the queries where geographical location is important, such as finding hotels within an area or close to a place of interest. A natural interface for spatial searching is a map, which can be used not only to display locations of search results but also to assist forming search conditions. A map-based search engine requires a well-designed visual interface that is intuitive to use yet flexible and expressive enough to support various types of spatial queries as well as aspatial queries. Similar to hyperlinks for text and images in an HTML page, spatial objects in a map should support hyperlinks. Such an interface needs to be scalable with the size of the geographical regions and the number of websites it covers. In spite of handling typically a very large amount of spatial data, a map-based search interface should meet the expectation of fast response time for interactive applications. In this paper we discuss general requirements and the design for a new map-based web search interface, focusing on integration with the WWW and visual spatial query interface. A number of current and future research issues are discussed, and a prototype for the University of Queensland is presented.     

Ajax技术与WebGIS

介绍了Ajax技术的基本概念及其关键技术,以ArcIMS为例分析了传统的网络地理信息系统（WebG1S）在数据传输模式和客服交互方式等方面存在的不足,阐述了在WebGIS中使用Aiax技术带来的优势,如减轻服务器的负担、平衡服务器和客户端的负载、无刷新更新页面、减少用户心理和实际的等待时间、实现地图的动态更新、实现地图的可视化交互以及开发效率高等,并指出在WebGIS中使用Ajax技术应该注意的诸如兼容性和用户习惯等问题。Aiax技术的应用将会为传统的WebGIS带来新的生命力。     

Ajax技术在Web2.0网站设计中的应用研究

Ajax是Web领域的前沿技术,这种技术提供了新的互联网交互模型,并扩展了Web应用的能力。文中在介绍Ajax技术的工作原理、分析比较Ajax工作模式与传统Web工作模式区别的基础上,运用Ajax技术实现了网页的动态加载,用户的请求能更为迅捷地得到Web应用程序的回应。这样就避免了在网络上频繁地重复发送那些没有更新过的信息。相对于传统的Web应用,Ajax技术在丰富客户端的表现能力、改善用户体验中,表现了强大的交互性能。其原因在于Ajax技术实现了客户端与服务器间的数据通信,并提供了两者间异步通信的能力,因而降低了网络传输的数据量,均衡客户端与服务器间的负载。从而体现了Ajax技术提高系统效率与优化用户界面的优良性能。     

Supporting Creativity through the Interactive Exploratory Search Paradigm

In creative tasks, there is a need to explore the space of available information in order to come up with diverse views before converging to a solution. In such tasks, typical search engines that follow the direct search paradigm fail to inspire users. It is hypothesized that contrary to typical engines, interactive exploratory search, which aims at revealing latent, alternative directions in the information space enabling user orientation and engagement, is better suited to assist users in their quest for serendipitous discoveries and inspiration. In this study, an interactive exploratory search tool that combines diversification of content and sources with a user interface design that visualizes clues from the social chatter – generated with micro-blogging services such as Twitter – and lets users interactively explore the available information space is presented. A profiling service and recommendation module in charge of delivering personalized social content complements the setting. A pilot and two task-based user studies comparing our system to a query-based baseline indicate that our system significantly improves inspirational discoveries by providing access to more interesting and serendipitous information.     

An overview of semantic search evaluation initiatives

Recent work on searching the Semantic Web has yielded a wide range of approaches with respect to the underlying search mechanisms, results management and presentation, and style of input. Each approach impacts upon the quality of the information retrieved and the user’s experience of the search process. However, despite the wealth of experience accumulated from evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems, the evaluation of Semantic Web search systems has largely been developed in isolation from mainstream IR evaluation with a far less unified approach to the design of evaluation activities. This has led to slow progress and low interest when compared to other established evaluation series, such as TREC for IR or OAEI for Ontology Matching. In this paper, we review existing approaches to IR evaluation and analyse evaluation activities for Semantic Web search systems. Through a discussion of these, we identify their weaknesses and highlight the future need for a more comprehensive evaluation framework that addresses current limitations.     

An Architecture for Supporting Multi-Device, Client-Adaptive Services

The original idea of the World Wide Web was to create a universe of network-accessible information. Since its inception, the World Wide Web has evolved from a means to help people access and use information into an interactive medium. This has caused a dramatic increase in the development effort for interactive services, which now have to support multiple clients with widely varying computing and user interface capabilities. Personalization features tend to render this task even more complex. The paper presents the MUSA (Multiple User Interfaces, Single Application) system, which addresses both issues with the introduction of an event graph that abstracts user interface and personalization issues from the implementation of the service on different client-devices.     

基于B/S结构的纳税人信息查询系统

介绍了一个基于三层B／S结构和网络数据库技术的纳税人信息查询系统的设计与实现,该信息查询系统由一个Web浏览器作为用户界面、一个数据库服务器用作信息存储和一个连接两者的Web服务器组成。     

Retrieval and Visualization of Human Motion Data via Stick Figures

We propose 2D stick figures as a unified medium for visualizing and searching for human motion data. The stick figures can express a wide range or human motion, and they are easy to be drawn by people without any professional training. In our interface, the user can browse overall motion by viewing the stick figure images generated from the database and retrieve them directly by using sketched stick figures as an input query. We started with a preliminary survey to observe how people draw stick figures. Based on the rules observed from the user study, we developed an algorithm converting motion data to a sequence of stick figures. The feature‐based comparison method between the stick figures provides an interactive and progressive search for the users. They assist the user's sketching by showing the current retrieval result at each stroke. We demonstrate the utility of the system with a user study, in which the participants retrieved example motion segments from the database with 102 motion files by using our interface.     

中文搜索引擎用户行为的演化分析

搜索引擎已经成为人们生活和工作中不可或缺的信息获取工具,对于互联网信息的合理、充分利用发挥着至关重要的作用。用户行为分析一直是搜索引擎提升性能的重要途径,但当前的搜索用户行为分析技术多局限在较短时间段,缺乏对长期时间内用户行为的演化分析研究。基于商业搜索引擎提供的海量规模日志数据,对2006年到2011年间中文搜索引擎用户行为的演化规律进行了分析挖掘,从中得到的结论对于进行搜索技术未来发展方向的讨论具有一定的参考价值。     

基于Ontology的信息检索技术研究

随着Web 的迅速发展,网上信息资源越来越丰富,网络已经成为了一个全球最大的信息库。而用户要从中得到所需的信息一般是通过各种信息检索工具。但是现有的信息检索工具都存在着检索精度不高等问题。本文针对这些问题,提出了将Ontology 融合到信息检索技术中的思路。利用Ontology 中拥有的领域知识,可以大大提高检索系统对自然语言文本的理解能力,同时方便用户以自然语言的方式提出检索请求,从而提高检索的效果。     

Hermes: Data Web search on a pay-as-you-go integration infrastructure

The Web as a global information space is developing from a Web of documents to a Web of data. This development opens new ways for addressing complex information needs. Search is no longer limited to matching keywords against documents, but instead complex information needs can be expressed in a structured way, with precise answers as results. In this paper, we present Hermes, an infrastructure for data Web search that addresses a number of challenges involved in realizing search on the data Web. To provide an end-user oriented interface, we support expressive user information needs by translating keywords into structured queries. We integrate heterogeneous Web data sources with automatically computed mappings. Schema-level mappings are exploited in constructing structured queries against the integrated schema. These structured queries are decomposed into queries against the local Web data sources, which are then processed in a distributed way. Finally, heterogeneous result sets are combined using an algorithm called map join, making use of data-level mappings. In evaluation experiments with real life data sets from the data Web, we show the practicability and scalability of the Hermes infrastructure.     

Interactive image completion with perspective correction

We present an interactive system for fragment-based image completion which exploits information about the approximate 3D structure in a scene in order to estimate and apply perspective corrections when copying a source fragment to a target position. Even though implicit 3D information is used, the interaction is strictly 2D, which makes the user interface very simple and intuitive. We propose different interaction metaphors in our system for providing 3D information interactively. Our search and matching procedure is done in the Fourier domain, and hence it is very fast and it allows us to use large fragments and multiple source images with high resolution while still obtaining interactive response times. Our image completion technique also takes user-specified structure information into account where we generalize the concept of feature curves to arbitrary sets of feature pixels. We demonstrate our technique on a number of difficult completion tasks.     

用UML和Object-Z描述交互式系统的接口规格说明

随着图形用户界面的普及，交互已成为目前软件系统的一个重要特征。与传统的基于字符界面的软件系统相比，基于图形用户界面的软件系统，从某种程序上可看作是一个交互式系统。形式化的规格说明具有精确性，无二义性和一致性等优点，用形式化说明语言来描述交互式系统用户接口的规格说明有很强的实用价值。由于形式化的规格说明的可读很差，因此可以采用标准的对象建模UML来帮助对形式化规格说明的理解。     

How map designers can represent their ideas in thematic maps

Problem analysis in designing thematic maps and user interfaces which assist map designers in incorporating their ideas into maps are presented. Problems in designing choropleth maps are analyzed from the map designers point of view. A graphical user interface, called “Histogram Interface”, is implemented as countermeasure for problems in designing choropleth maps. The user interface can assist map designers in representing their ideas and achieving the desired maps through the designing process. The user interface operations, which correspond to the map designer's ideas, are explained. The user interface effectiveness is confirmed by resulting map examples and the corresponding graphical patterns on the interface. A concept is proposed concerning the importance in any computer graphics field, which the designers should consider in determining how to incorporate their ideas into pictures.     

Internet搜索引擎索引数据库的设计与实现

Internet网络环境搜索引擎主要由三部分组成：搜索器、索引数据库和用户界面。搜索器搜索到Internet的Web页面后，将页面信息存入索引数据库，最后通过用户界面提供给用户。介绍索引数据库的组织和索引过程的实现。搜索器采用Spider，将搜索结果存入索引数据库。     

Dynamic Maps for Exploring and Browsing Shapes

Large datasets of 3D objects require an intuitive way to browse and quickly explore shapes from the collection. We present a dynamic map of shapes where similar shapes are placed next to each other. Similarity between 3D models exists in a high dimensional space which cannot be accurately expressed in a two dimensional map. We solve this discrepancy by providing a local map with pan capabilities and a user interface that resembles an online experience of navigating through geographical maps. As the user navigates through the map, new shapes appear which correspond to the specific navigation tendencies and interests of the user, while maintaining a continuous browsing experience. In contrast with state of the art methods which typically reduce the search space by selecting constraints or employing relevance feedback, our method enables exploration of large sets without constraining the search space, allowing the user greater creativity and serendipity. A user study evaluation showed a strong preference of users for our method over a standard relevance feedback method.     

个性化搜索引擎

随着网络上的知识不断暴涨，用户要求快速、有效地获取网络资源，该文提出了一种通过产生用户动态偏好来达到个性化搜索的方法，通过对搜索结果作一种基于内容的按名分类算法来为用户创建一个以RDF的形式表达的动态偏好。通过对RDF偏好文件的聚类来发现用户社区，产生相应的用户社区偏好。在搜索过程中，通过对该用户及其所属社区的偏好来分析。对搜索结果按重要性排序，达到了用户个性化搜索的目的。     

ＰＣＣＳ部分聚类分类：一种快速的Ｗeb文档聚类方法

ＰＣＣＳ是为了帮助Ｗeb用户从搜索引擎所返回的大量文档片中筛选出自已所需要的文档,而使用的一种对Ｗeb文档进行快速聚类的部分聚类分法,首先对一部分文档进行聚类,然后根据聚类结果形成类模型对其余的文档进行分类,采用交互式的一次改进一个聚类摘选的聚类方法快速地创建一个聚类摘选集,将其余的文档使用Ｎaive-Bayes分类器进行划分,为了提高聚类与分类的效率,提出了一种混合特征选取方法以减少文档表示的维数,重新计算文档中各特征的熵,从中选取具有最大熵值的前若干个特征,或者基于持久分类模型中的特征集来进行特征选取,实验证明,部分聚类方法能够快速,准确地根据文档主题内容组织Ｗeb文档,使用户在更高的术题层次上来查看搜索引擎返回的结果,从以主题相似的文档所形成的集簇中选取相关文档。