Analysis of 3D frame problems by DQEM using EDQ

The differential quadrature element method (DQEM) and extended differential quadrature (EDQ) have been proposed by the author. The development of a differential quadrature element analysis model of three-dimensional shear-undeformable frame problems adopting the EDQ is carried out. The element can be a nonprismatic beam. The EDQ technique is used to discretize the element-based governing differential equations, the transition conditions at joints and the boundary conditions on domain boundaries. An overall algebraic system can be obtained by assembling all of the discretized equations. A numerically rigorous solution can be obtained by solving the overall algebraic system. Mathematical formulations for the EDQ-based DQEM frame analysis are carried out. By using this DQEM model, accurate results of frame problems can efficiently be obtained. Numerical results demonstrate this DQEM model.     

Numerical simulation of two-dimensional sine-Gordon solitons by differential quadrature method

During the past few decades, the idea of using differential quadrature methods for numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) has received much attention throughout the scientific community. In this article, we proposed a numerical technique based on polynomial differential quadrature method (PDQM) to find the numerical solutions of two-dimensional sine-Gordon equation with Neumann boundary conditions. The PDQM reduced the problem into a system of second-order linear differential equations. Then, the obtained system is changed into a system of ordinary differential equations and lastly, RK4 method is used to solve the obtained system. Numerical results are obtained for various cases involving line and ring solitons. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions and the numerical solutions that exist in literature. It is shown that the technique is easy to apply for multidimensional problems.     

Vibration analysis of edge-cracked beam on elastic foundation with axial loading using the differential quadrature method

The eigenvalue problems of clamped-free and hinged-hinged Bernoulli-Euler beams on elastic foundation with a single edge crack, axial loading and excitation force were numerically formulated using the differential quadrature method (DQM). Appropriate boundary conditions accompanied the DQM to transform the partial differential equation of a Bernoulli-Euler beam with a single edge crack into a discrete eigenvalue problem. The DQM results for the natural frequencies of cracked beams agree well with other literature values. The sampling point number effect, the location of the crack effect and the depth of the crack effect on the accuracy variation of calculated natural frequencies are presented by using two elements in this work. The effects of axial loading, foundation stiffness, opening crack and closing crack are also studied.     

Solution of initial value problems by the differential quadrature method with Hermite bases

The differential quadrature method (DQM) is used to solve the first-order initial value problem. The initial condition is given at the beginning of the interval. The derivative of a space-independent variable at a sampling grid point within the interval can be defined as a weighted linear sum of the given initial conditions and the function values at the sampling grid points within the defined interval. Hermite polynomials have advantages compared with Lagrange and Chebyshev polynomials, and so, unlike other work, they are chosen as weight functions in the DQM. The proposed method is applied to a numerical example and it is shown that the accuracy of the quadrature solution obtained using the proposed sampling grid points is better than solutions obtained with the commonly used Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto sampling grid points.     

The numerical method of successive interpolations for two-point boundary value problems with deviating argument

A new numerical method for two-point boundary value problems associated to differential equations with deviating argument is obtained. The method uses the fixed point technique, the trapezoidal quadrature rule, and the cubic spline interpolation procedure. The convergence of the method is proved without smoothness conditions, the kernel function being Lipschitzian in each argument. The interpolation procedure is used only on the points where the argument is modified. A practical stopping criterion of the algorithm is obtained and the accuracy of the method is illustrated on some numerical examples of the pantograph type.     

DQM in-plane free vibration of laminated moderately thick circular deep arches

A differential quadrature (DQ) solution for moderately thick laminated circular arches with general boundary conditions is presented. The governing equations are based on the Reissner–Naghdi type shell theory, which include the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. Explicit discrete forms of the equations of motion and the boundary conditions are presented. It is shown that using only few grid points, accurate results are obtained which demonstrate the efficiency and convenience of the DQ method (DQM) for the problem under consideration. The effects of different types of boundary conditions, opening angle, thickness-to-length and orthotropy ratios on the frequencies of antisymmetric cross-ply laminated arches are studied.     

A new radial basis functions method for pricing American options under Merton's jump-diffusion model

A new radial basis functions (RBFs) algorithm for pricing financial options under Merton's jump-diffusion model is described. The method is based on a differential quadrature approach, that allows the implementation of the boundary conditions in an efficient way. The semi-discrete equations obtained after approximation of the spatial derivatives, using RBFs based on differential quadrature are solved, using an exponential time integration scheme and we provide several numerical tests which show the superiority of this method over the popular Crank–Nicolson method. Various numerical results for the pricing of European, American and barrier options are given to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this new algorithm. We also show that the option Greeks such as the Delta and Gamma sensitivity measures are efficiently computed to high accuracy.     

A numerical algorithm for computation modelling of 3D nonlinear wave equations based on exponential modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method

In this paper, the authors proposed a method based on exponential modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method (Expo-MCB-DQM) for the numerical simulation of three dimensional (3D) nonlinear wave equations subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. This work extends the idea of Tamsir et al. [An algorithm based on exponential modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method for nonlinear Burgers’ equation, Appl. Math. Comput. 290 (2016), pp. 111–124] for 3D nonlinear wave type problems. Expo-MCB-DQM transforms the 3D nonlinear wave equation into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To solve the resulting system of ODEs, an optimal five stage and fourth-order strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta (SSP-RK54) scheme is used. Stability analysis of the proposed method is also discussed and found that the method is conditionally stable. Four test problems are considered in order to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.     

Quadrature imposition of compatibility conditions in Chebyshev methods

Often, in solving an elliptic equation with Neumann boundary conditions, a compatibility condition has to be imposed for well-posedness. This condition involves integrals of the forcing function. When pseudospectral Chebyshev methods are used to discretize the partial differential equation, these integrals have to be approximated by an appropriate quadrature formula. The Gauss-Chebyshev (or any variant of it, like the Gauss-Lobatto) formula cannot be used here since the integrals under consideration do not include the weight function. A natural candidate to be used in approximating the integrals is the Clenshaw-Curtis formula; however, we show in this article that this is the wrong choice and it may lead to divergence if time-dependent methods are used to march the solution to steady state. We develop, in this paper, the correct quadrature formula for these problems. This formula takes into account the degree of the polynomials involved. We show that this formula leads to a well-conditioned Chebyshev approximation to the differential equations and that the compatibility condition is automatically satisfied.     

Numerical analysis of fluid squeezed between two parallel plates by meshless method

This paper presents the steady-state and transient analysis of the fluid squeezed between two long parallel plates. The governing coupled partial differential equations have been discretized by element free Galerkin method and implemented using variational approach. Penalty and Lagrange multiplier techniques have been utilized to enforce the essential boundary conditions. Four point Gauss quadrature has been used to evaluate the viscous terms in the coefficient matrix whereas reduced integration scheme (i.e. one point Gauss quadrature) has been used to evaluate the penalty terms over two-dimensional domain (Ω). Cubicspline, exponential and rational weight functions have been used in the present work. The results obtained by EFG method are compared with those obtained by finite element and analytical methods. The effect of scaling and penalty parameters on EFG results has been discussed in detail.     

Stability and accuracy of differential quadrature method in solving dynamic problems

In this paper, the differential quadrature method is used to solve dynamic problems governed by second-order ordinary differential equations in time. The Legendre, Radau, Chebyshev, Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto and uniformly spaced sampling grid points are considered. Besides, two approaches using the conventional and modified differential quadrature rules to impose the initial conditions are also investigated. The stability and accuracy properties are studied by evaluating the spectral radii and truncation errors of the resultant numerical amplification matrices. It is found that higher-order accurate solutions can be obtained at the end of a time step if the Gauss and Radau sampling grid points are used. However, the conventional approach to impose the initial conditions in general only gives conditionally stable time step integration algorithms. Unconditionally stable algorithms can be obtained if the modified differential quadrature rule is used. Unfortunately, the commonly used Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto sampling grid points would not generate unconditionally stable algorithms.     

Free vibration analyses of Timoshenko beams with free edges by using the discrete singular convolution

In this paper, the free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with various combinations of boundary conditions are performed by using the discrete singular convolution (DSC). Since Timoshenko beams with clamped-free, pinned-free, slide-free, and free-free boundaries have not been successfully solved by using the DSC thus far, the main objective of the present paper is focused on the way to apply the free boundary conditions in using the DSC for the free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams. A simple method to apply the free boundary conditions is proposed and verified. Results for various ratios of thickness-to-length (h/L) are presented and compared with either existing solutions in the literature or the results obtained by the differential quadrature method (DQM). It is shown that accurate results can be obtained by using the DSC together with the proposed method for applying the free boundary conditions. The research extends the application range of the DSC method.     

An optimal order numerical quadrature approximation of a planar isoparametric eigenvalue problem on triangular finite element meshes

Abstract This paper deals with a finite element numerical quadrature method. It is applied for a class of second-order self-adjoint elliptic operators defined on a bounded domain in the plane. Isoparametric finite element transformations and triangular Lagrange finite elements are used.We establish the rate of convergence for approximate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of second-order elliptic eigenvalue problems, obtained by a numerical quadrature finite element approximation. Thus the relationship between possible quadrature formulas and the optimal and almost optimal precision of the method is established. The emphasis of the paper is on the error analysis of the approximate eigenpairs. Numerical results confirming the theory are presented.     

Neural-network methods for boundary value problems with irregularboundaries

Partial differential equations (PDEs) with boundary conditions (Dirichlet or Neumann) defined on boundaries with simple geometry have been successfully treated using sigmoidal multilayer perceptrons in previous works. The article deals with the case of complex boundary geometry, where the boundary is determined by a number of points that belong to it and are closely located, so as to offer a reasonable representation. Two networks are employed: a multilayer perceptron and a radial basis function network. The later is used to account for the exact satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The method has been successfully tested on two-dimensional and three-dimensional PDEs and has yielded accurate results.     

Rapid heating vibrations of FGM annular sector plates

In this paper, thermally induced vibration of annular sector plate made of functionally graded materials is analyzed. All of the thermomechanical properties of the FGM media are considered to be temperature dependent. Based on the uncoupled linear thermoelasticity theory, the one-dimensional transient Fourier type of heat conduction equation is established. The top and bottom surfaces of the plate are under various types of rapid heating boundary conditions. Due to the temperature dependency of the material properties, heat conduction equation becomes nonlinear. Therefore, a numerical method should be adopted. First, the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is implemented to discretize the heat conduction equation across the plate thickness. Next, the governing system of time-dependent ordinary differential equations is solved using the successive Crank–Nicolson time marching technique. The obtained thermal force and thermal moment resultants at each time step from temperature profile are applied to the equations of motion. The equations of motion, based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), are derived with the aid of the Hamilton principle. Using the GDQM, two-dimensional domain of the sector plate and suitable boundary conditions are divided into a number of nodal points and differential equations are turned into a system of ordinary differential equations. To obtain the unknown displacement vector at any time, a direct integration method based on the Newmark time marching scheme is utilized. Comparison investigations are performed to validate the formulation and solution method of the present research. Various examples are demonstrated to discuss the influences of effective parameters such as power law index in the FGM formulation, thickness of the plate, temperature dependency, sector opening angle, values of the radius, in-plane boundary conditions, and type of rapid heating boundary conditions on thermally induced response of the FGM plate under thermal shock.

     

A boundary oriented domain quadrature technique for arbitrary multiply-connected regions

An innovative two-dimensional domain quadrature technique inherently sensitive to functions which develop a singularity within the integration region is developed. The quadrature method utilizes a finite set of points located along the boundary and connected into a series of elements to represent the domain geometry, a feature which makes it extremely convenient for BEM work. The method combines the convenience of high order Gaussian quadrature with the practical advantages of implicit discretization of the domain. The application of the technique is to be illustrated with several useful examples of interest to engineers.     

Differential quadrature domain decomposition method for a class of parabolic equations

In this paper the differential quadrature method (DQM) and the domain decomposition method (DDM) are combined to form the differential quadrature domain decomposition method (DQDDM), in which the boundary reduction technique (BRM) is adopted. The DQDDM is applied to a class of parabolic equations, which have discontinuity in the coefficients of the equation, or weak discontinuity in the initial value condition. Two numerical examples belonging to this class are computed. It is found that the application of this method to the above mentioned problems is seen to lead to accurate results with relatively small computational effort.     

Critical rotational speed,critical velocity of fluid flow and free vibration analysis of a spinning SWCNT conveying viscous fluid

In this article, the influences of rotational speed and velocity of viscous fluid flow on free vibration behavior of spinning single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated using the modified couple stress theory (MCST). Taking attention to the first-order shear deformation theory, the modeled rotating SWCNT and its equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The formulations include Coriolis, centrifugal and initial hoop tension effects due to rotation of the SWCNT. This system is conveying viscous fluid, and the related force is calculated by modified Navier–Stokes relation considering slip boundary condition and Knudsen number. The accuracy of the presented model is validated with some cases in the literatures. Novelty of this study is considering the effects of spinning, conveying viscous flow and MCST in addition to considering the various boundary conditions of the SWCNT. Generalized differential quadrature method is used to approximately discretize the model and to approximate the equations of motion. Then, influence of material length scale parameter, velocity of viscous fluid flow, angular velocity, length, length-to-radius ratio, radius-to-thickness ratio and boundary conditions on critical speed, critical velocity and natural frequency of the rotating SWCNT conveying viscous fluid flow are investigated.     

A Collocation Method with Exact Imposition of Mixed Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we propose a natural collocation method with exact imposition of mixed boundary conditions based on a generalized Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre-Birhoff quadrature rule that builds in the underlying boundary data. We provide a direct construction of the quadrature rule, and show that the collocation method can be implemented as efficiently as the usual collocation scheme for PDEs with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We apply the collocation method to some model PDEs and the time-harmonic Helmholtz equation, and demonstrate its spectral accuracy and efficiency by various numerical examples.     

Nonlinear bending vibration of a rotating nanobeam based on nonlocal Eringen’s theory using differential quadrature method

This study investigates the small scale effect on the nonlinear bending vibration of a rotating cantilever and propped cantilever nanobeam. The nanobeam is modeled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. The axial forces are also included in the model as the true spatial variation due to the rotation. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the governing equation and boundary conditions for the Euler–Bernoulli beam based on Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The differential quadrature method as an efficient and accurate numerical tool in conjunction with a direct iterative method is adopted to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies of nanobeam. The effect of nonlocal small–scale, angular speed, hub radius and nonlinear amplitude of rotary nanobeam is discussed.