Progress in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for fuel-thanol production

以木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇具有原料可再生性和环境友好的优点而备受重视。本文介绍了国内外木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇中的水解工艺过程,包括浓酸水解、稀酸水解和酶水解工艺,分析了各工艺的技术特点,同时指出稀酸预处理-酶水解工艺将成为近几年国内外研究和开发的重点。     

木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇水解工艺技术进展

以木质纤维素生产燃料酒精因为具有原料可再生性和环境友好的优点而备受重视。本文介绍了木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇中的水解工艺过程,包括浓酸水解、稀酸水解和生物酶水解,讨论了各个工艺的关键技术问题。     

纤维素燃料乙醇生产技术研究进展

纤维素燃料乙醇已成为下一代燃料乙醇的必然发展方向。文章综述了近年来以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇的关键技术,重点对物理法、化学法、蒸汽爆破法、生物法等木质纤维素原料预处理技术,酸水解、酶水解等水解(糖化)技术,以及直接发酵法、水解发酵两步法、同步水解发酵法等发酵工艺进行了总结,并指出了未来纤维素乙醇的产业化过程中必须解决的关键问题和发展趋势。     

生物法制取纤维素乙醇技术

以纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇,由于其原料来源广泛及环保效益良好而被认为是最有前景的生产燃料乙醇的方法之一。在阐述我国发展纤维素乙醇必要性的基础上,综述了纤维素乙醇的浓酸水解、稀酸水解、酶水解及生物质合成气等发酵工艺及研究进展。分析了各工艺优缺点,并讨论了各工艺过程需要解决的关键技术问题,展望了纤维素乙醇的产业化前景。     

生物质稀酸水解动力学及其反应器的研究进展

木质纤维素类生物质经过稀酸水解可制取可发酵性糖,进而形成糖平台,生产纤维素乙醇等能源和化工产品。不同类型和结构的反应器中,原料的水解行为不同,被水解的效果也就不同。本文从稀酸水解反应器和反应动力学两方面入手,综述了近年提出的木质纤维素类生物质稀酸催化动力学模型和反应器。通过比较不同反应器的水解效果,推测出多步处理、逆流过程、动态反应是木质纤维素类生物质稀酸高效水解反应的发展趋势。     

木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的技术现状。评述了纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖和发酵成酒精的各生产工艺。分析了各工艺的技术特点和经济性。提出应进一步加强纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究。     

木质纤维素乙醇原料预处理技术的研究进展

近十年来,随着石油价格的上涨以及化石燃料使用对全球变暖的影响,利用木质素纤维素制取燃料乙醇日益成为国内外研究的热点。木质纤维素制取乙醇的主要步骤包括:原料的预处理、纤维素的糖化、发酵、产品分离。木质纤维素的组成包括木质素、半纤维素和纤维素,其中木质素和半纤维素对纤维素的水解具有阻碍作用。因此,在木质纤维素制取乙醇的工艺过程中,原料的预处理是非常关键的步骤,影响整个木质纤维素乙醇的生产过程。文章回顾了木质纤维素原料主要的预处理技术的最新进展,并结合后续的水解与发酵工序,对各种预处理技术的优缺点进行了对比。     

木质纤维素原料生产燃料酒精开发技术研究进展

在分析美国、日本、加拿大等国关于纤维素制取乙醇技术发展的基础上,对木质纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖技术和纤维素原料发酵生产酒精生产技术、酒精废糟的处理利用进行了述评与讨论,对木质纤维素原料不同的预处理、水解和发酵方法进行了比较,展望了木质纤维素原料生产燃料酒精的前景.     

纤维素水解的研究进展

纤维素类物质制燃料乙醇有着十分重要的意义,但其水解较为困难,因而在一定程度上限制了其发展。介绍了燃料乙醇的发展现状和目前存在的各种水解方法并分析了其优缺点,重点介绍了目前较常使用的稀酸水解法。     

木质纤维素稀水解液脱毒研究进展

稀酸水解作为一种广泛使用的木质纤维原料的预处殚方法,已在生产中得到广泛应用,但由于木质纤维素经稀酸水解预处理后,水解液中会产生大量的对发酵有毒的物质如乙酸、糠醛、酚类物质等,从而影响进一步发酵.主要综述了木质纤维素稀酸水解的原理、发酵抑制物的产生及种类、发酵抑制物抑制发酵的原因及发酵液中发酵抑制物的脱毒方法进行了综述,并对脱毒发展前景做了展望.     

电解水预处理对玉米秸秆和柳枝稷酶解产糖的研究

预处理是利用生物质原料制备燃料乙醇的工艺过程中至关重要的一步。以电解水为介质对玉米秸秆和柳枝稷进行预处理,考察了不同预处理条件对这两种生物质酶催化水解性能的影响。玉米秸秆预处理试验条件为:165、180和195℃;10、20和30 min。柳枝稷预处理试验条件为:170、185和200℃;5、15和25 min。结果表明,电解水预处理法针对不同的生物质有较好的处理效果,在玉米秸秆和柳枝稷的试验中,分别获得了83%和67%的纤维素转化率。同时,电解水预处理过程中,木糖只有在较高温度(195℃和200℃)时,才发生明显的降解。HPLC检测表明预处理过程中生成的发酵抑制物较少。     

Emerging role of nanobiocatalysts in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass leading to sustainable bioethanol production

Catalytic conversion (hydrolysis) of carbohydrate polymers present in the lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the production of bioethanol. Although, acid and enzymatic catalysts are conventionally used for the catalysis of various lignocellulosic biomass, recently application of immobilized enzymes (biocatalysts) have been considered as the most promising approach. Immobilization of different biocatalysts such as cellulase, β-glucosidase, cellobiose, xylanase, laccase, etc. on support materials including nanomaterials to form nanobiocatalyst increases catalytic efficacy and stability of enzymes. Moreover, immobilization of biocatalysts on magnetic nanoparticles (magnetic nanobiocatalysts) facilitates easy recovery and reuse of biocatalysts. Therefore, utilization of nanobiocatalysts for catalysis of lignocellulosic biomass is helpful for the development of cost-effective and ecofriendly approach. In this review, we have discussed various conventional methods of hydrolysis and their limitations. Special emphasis has been made on nanobiocatalysts used for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Moreover, the other most important aspects, like nanofiltration of biomass, conversion of lignocellulose to nanocellulose, and toxicological issues associated with application of nanomaterials are also discussed.     

Second-generation ethanol production from steam exploded barley straw by Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875

Barley straw is nowadays being considered a potential lignocellulosic raw material for fuel-ethanol production as an alternative to starch- or sugar-containing feedstock. In this work, several configuration strategies for ethanol production from steam-exploded barley straw by Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875 have been studied with the aim of obtaining higher ethanol concentrations.Different substrate loading (2-15%, w/v) were studied during enzymatic hydrolysis. The xylanase contribution on glucose production and glucan conversion at different substrate loading was also investigated. In addition, three different process configurations, separate hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification, were compared at different water insoluble solids concentration (5%, 10% and 15%). The influence of xylanase addition on the ethanol yield was studied as well.Results show that endo-xylanases improved glucan conversion and ethanol yield compared with a standard enzymatic mixture, markedly at low substrate concentration. The positive effect of added xylanase was most evident at early stages of enzymatic hydrolysis. Regarding process configurations for the period of 72 h, SSF with endo-xylanases provided the best ethanol yield, nearly 70%, for 10% WIS. Nonetheless, the higher ethanol concentration, 29.4 g/l, was obtained at 15% WIS.     

新平台化合物乙酰丙酸制备方法研究进展

综述了目前国内外以糠醇催化水解法和生物质直接水解法制备乙酰丙酸的研究进展 ,对这两种方法的优缺点进行了比较。目前我国乙酰丙酸制备存在着企业生产规模小、收率低、环境污染严重等问题。今后乙酰丙酸制备将以生物质资源直接水解法为主 ,通过对制备工艺的深入研究 ,向高效化、绿色化方向发展     

FAME Production and Fatty Acid Profiles from Moist Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata Biomass

In the present study, we investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from moist Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata biomass using a hydrolysis–esterification process. Additionally, we evaluated for the first time the fatty acid profile before and after this process. Hydrolysis of the lipid fraction was performed on a moist biomass in the presence of differing amounts of an acid catalyst in both 50 and 100 % w/w water relative to the biomass. The esterification of the crude extracts of the free fatty acids (FFA) was then investigated. The experiments show that in the presence of 50 % w/w water relative to the biomass, the hydrolysis–esterification process results in higher FFA and FAME yields. The analysis of the fatty ester profiles did not reveal any degradation of the FFA from the microalgae biomass under the hydrolysis–esterification conditions. The results were compared with both extraction–transesterification and direct transesterification processes using dry biomass. The extraction–transesterification and hydrolysis–esterification processes resulted in similar FAME yields and similar profiles of the fatty esters from dry and moist biomass materials, respectively.     

Pretreatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> residue by flow-through process for production of fermentable sugar

The pretreatment of Helianthus tuberosus residue was studied for fermentable sugar production. The pretreatment was performed by varying the temperature, type of chemical solution, and concentration. Two different catalytic pretreatments using sulfuric acid and aqueous ammonia were operated and compared in a flow-through column reactor system. The flow-through process was required to increase the sugar production yield of biomass. To selectively remove the lignin of biomass and achieve fractionation of hemicellulose in the liquid phase to produce pentose, the flow-through process could be controlled by the pretreatment conditions. Furthermore, the remaining solid underwent enzymatic hydrolysis for hexose production. The mass balances of biomass pretreated with aqueous ammonia and sulfuric acid solution were compared in terms of production of fermentable sugars. The glucose recovery compared to the initial biomass was 71.2% in the pretreatment using aqueous ammonia at 170 °C, and pretreatment using sulfuric acid solution at 150 °C was 52.3%.