调理肉制品保鲜技术研究进展

调理肉制品因食用方便、附加值高、讲究营养均衡、包装精美和小容量化而深受消费者喜爱,生产量和消费量与日俱增,现已成为国内城市人群和发达国家消费的主要肉制品品种。但目前我国调理肉制品主要以速冻调理肉制品为主,货架期短是调理肉制品发展的主要制约瓶颈。因此,开展调理肉制品保鲜技术研究,延长其货架期至关重要。本文从保鲜剂保鲜、非热杀菌保鲜和气调保鲜等方面重点介绍了调理肉制品的保鲜技术研究进展,并对调理肉制品保鲜的发展前景进行了展望。     

植物提取物在肉类加工制品中的应用与研究进展

肉制品易因脂质氧化、微生物生长等问题导致其品质下降,货架期变短.植物提取物中富含多酚、黄酮、萜类等活性物质,具有较好的抑菌和抗氧化活性,且安全性较高,已逐渐成为肉制品防腐保鲜方面研究的热点.对植物提取物中常见的几种活性成分及其在肉制品中的应用进行了阐述,提出了植物提取物应用时存在的问题及展望,为植物提取物在肉类加工制品...     

八角茴香提取物在食品中的应用研究进展

八角茴香提取物及精油因具有较强的抑菌及抗氧化活性,其作为天然添加剂在食品领域具有广泛的应用。文章针对八角茴香提取物及精油在肉制品工业及果蔬保鲜等领域的具体应用实例,阐明其在食品领域具有较高的研究价值和开发前景。另外,根据植物源添加剂的功效特点,对农用精油杀菌剂及保鲜剂研究提出了一点建议。     

预调理肉制品防腐保鲜技术的研究进展

预调理肉制品因具有营养丰富、食用方便等优点而被广大消费者喜爱。目前国内外对于预调理肉制品可采用的保鲜技术较多,但还没有较为完善的保鲜方案,且预调理肉制品在销售过程中还存在货架期短、保鲜技术不完善等问题。因此,对于预调理肉制品的保鲜办法还需要进一步研究。在分析预调理肉制品腐败变质原因的基础上,综述了目前国内外预调理肉制品中研究较多的低温保鲜技术、食品保鲜剂、辐照技术、超高压保鲜技术、包装保鲜及进展,为提高食品行业内预调理肉制品的品质、延长预调理肉制品的货架期提供了参考。     

香辛料提取物在肉品保鲜中的作用及应用

天然香辛料提取物对肉品具有抑菌防腐作用和抗氧化作用,可用于肉品保鲜。本文主要论述了香辛料提取物的提取和使用方法、对肉品的作用以及其作为保鲜剂在冷却肉和肉制品中的应用情况。     

香辛料提取物在肉品保鲜中的作用及应用

天然香辛料提取物对肉品具有抑菌防腐作用和抗氧化作用,可用于肉品保鲜。本文主要论述了香辛料提取物的提取和使用方法、对肉品的作用以及其作为保鲜剂在冷却肉和肉制品中的应用情况。      

冷冻调理小龙虾生物保鲜剂的筛选及复配

为解决冷冻调理小龙虾贮藏期间氧化反应和微生物活动引起的品质劣变,该研究通过体外抑菌和抗氧化试验,从7 种常规生物保鲜剂中筛选出3 种（聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、茶多酚、迷迭香提取物）,并对这3 种生物保鲜剂进行复配优化。利用单因素试验确定各保鲜剂最佳添加量,并采用Box-Behnken 设计模型,以挥发性盐基氮值、硫代巴比妥酸值为响应值,得到复合生物保鲜剂最佳组合方案为聚赖氨酸盐酸盐0.20 g/L、迷迭香提取物0.23 g/L、茶多酚0.20 g/L。结果表明,该复合生物保鲜剂对冷冻调理小龙虾具有抑菌抗氧化作用,并在-18 ℃下显著减缓冷冻调理小龙虾脂质和蛋白质的氧化反应。     

葡萄籽提取物作为肉制品保鲜剂的研究进展

天然提取的食品保鲜剂越来越受到人们的关注,葡萄籽提取物含有大量多酚类物质,具有抗氧化和抗菌活性,能够降低肉制品中脂质氧化,抑制有害微生物的生长。文中主要介绍葡萄籽提取物的保鲜机理及其在肉制品保鲜中的应用。     

药食同源植物提取物对肉制品品质影响研究进展

药食同源植物提取物富含多种天然活性物质,在肉制品加工领域中发挥了显著的品质改善作用,如改善保水性、质构特性、色泽和风味,抑制氧化、亚硝胺生成及有害微生物生长繁殖等.本文系统总结和归纳了药食同源植物提取物对肉制品品质影响的研究现状,并展望了其在肉制品中的应用前景和发展方向,以期为研究其改善肉制品综合品质和货架期质量稳定性...     

天然保鲜剂对预调理冷却黑椒鸭肉的保鲜效果

为延长预调理冷却黑胡椒鸭肉的保存期,通过单因素试验和三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计实验,从乳酸钠、Nisin、竹叶提取物及纳他霉素中筛选出对预调理冷却鸭肉效果较好的天然复合保鲜剂。结果表明,对预调理冷却黑胡椒鸭肉保鲜效果较好的3种保鲜剂为乳酸钠、Nisin与竹叶提取物;正交试验结果表明,复合保鲜剂的最佳水平组合为:乳酸钠2.75%、Nisin 0.032%、竹叶提取物0.012%,对预调理冷却黑胡椒鸭肉的的保存期可达18 d。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.