基于捷径重试规则晶圆带式搬运系统性能优化

开口管桩由于其承载力高、质量可靠、施工方便等优点得到越来越广泛的应用.土塞的生成使得开口管桩沉桩阻力不同于闭口管桩, 不仅包括桩外侧摩阻力、桩端阻力, 桩内侧摩阻力亦是其重要组成部分.针对开口管桩沉桩受力特性, 采用自主研发的大尺度模型试验装置, 进行不同桩靴形式下开口管桩的贯入试验, 并与闭口管桩进行对比分析.研究表明, 开口管桩随沉桩深度的增加趋于闭塞, 沉桩阻力随沉桩过程基本呈线性增加, 桩内、外侧单位摩阻力均存在“侧阻退化”效应; 桩体贯入时桩周地表隆起量随径向距离增加逐渐减小, 隆起速率随沉桩深度增加逐渐变缓, 桩周土影响范围约为5 ~ 7倍桩径; 桩靴对开口管桩土塞生成、沉桩阻力和挤土效应均有重要影响, 内30°桩靴土塞生成高度、桩内侧摩阻力及其所占总沉桩阻力比例最大, 桩周土地表隆起量最小, 外30°桩靴与内30°桩靴情况相反, 直角桩靴居中; 闭口管桩沉桩阻力、外侧摩阻力与挤土程度均大于开口管桩.      

水平荷载作用下桩基础与桩筏基础承载性状数值模拟对比

运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立桩基础与桩筏基础模型,通过控制桩长、桩数、竖向荷载及桩间距,对其施加水平荷载进行全过程模拟,分析受荷过程中桩体水平位移变化、桩身弯矩和剪力变化及土体变形规律。模拟结果表明：相同水平荷载作用下,桩基础的桩体水平位移随荷载增大而增大,以桩底为旋转中心发生破坏;桩筏基础由于筏板的作用,倾斜非常小,群桩较单桩有更好的稳定性。桩基础的桩周土塑性区域明显大于桩筏基础,二者在荷载作用下土体均会出现土拱效应,但桩基础的土拱效应更明显;桩基础的桩底会出现塑性区域,桩筏基础几乎不会出现,桩数的增加会减小塑性区域范围。桩基础的最大弯矩均出现于0.8倍桩身处,桩筏基础的最大弯矩出现在0.2倍桩身处。桩基础和桩筏基础最大正剪力出现在桩顶和桩底附近,最大负剪力出现在桩身中部。桩筏基础弯矩值和剪力值都小于桩基础,因此桩筏基础具有更好的抗弯、抗剪能力。     

开口管桩贯入特性的大尺度模型试验

开口管桩由于其承载力高、质量可靠、施工方便等优点得到越来越广泛的应用.土塞的生成使得开口管桩沉桩阻力不同于闭口管桩, 不仅包括桩外侧摩阻力、桩端阻力, 桩内侧摩阻力亦是其重要组成部分.针对开口管桩沉桩受力特性, 采用自主研发的大尺度模型试验装置, 进行不同桩靴形式下开口管桩的贯入试验, 并与闭口管桩进行对比分析.研究表明, 开口管桩随沉桩深度的增加趋于闭塞, 沉桩阻力随沉桩过程基本呈线性增加, 桩内、外侧单位摩阻力均存在"侧阻退化"效应; 桩体贯入时桩周地表隆起量随径向距离增加逐渐减小, 隆起速率随沉桩深度增加逐渐变缓, 桩周土影响范围约为5~7倍桩径; 桩靴对开口管桩土塞生成、沉桩阻力和挤土效应均有重要影响, 内30°桩靴土塞生成高度、桩内侧摩阻力及其所占总沉桩阻力比例最大, 桩周土地表隆起量最小, 外30°桩靴与内30°桩靴情况相反, 直角桩靴居中; 闭口管桩沉桩阻力、外侧摩阻力与挤土程度均大于开口管桩.      

不同桩体材料复合地基承载及变形性状对比试验研究

通过室内模型试验,实测得到碎石桩、夯实水泥土桩和CFG桩复合地基桩土荷载分担比、桩土应力比和桩间土深层变形,并对三类不同桩体材料复合地基的承载及变形性状进行了对比分析.认为碎石桩复合地基和夯实水泥土桩复合地基均存在有效桩长或有效复合土层厚度;碎石桩桩长超过有效桩长,对提高复合地基承载力和压缩模量、减小变形效果不明显,除一些特别情况如为处理可液化地基外,设计桩长可适当超过有效桩长,但不宜过长;夯实水泥土桩复合地基的有效桩长与桩身强度相关性显著,应以桩身强度控制进行夯实水泥土桩桩体设计,使按桩身强度确定的单桩承载力大于或等于由桩周土及桩端土的抗力所提供的单桩承载力;CFG桩复合地基桩身强度高,桩体自身压缩性小,可全桩长发挥侧阻作用,当桩端落在好的持力层时,能很好地发挥端阻,提高承载力,减小变形,设计时应优先选择好的桩端持力层进行设计.      

水泥土群桩复合地基桩土应力比测试研究

桩土应力比是反映搅拌桩复合地基工作状态的一个重要参数,也是计算复合地基承载力和沉降的重要指标。通过在单桩、四桩承台下的桩周土和桩顶埋设土压力盒．获得系统的水泥土桩复合地基的桩土应力等原位试验数据。分析了群桩效应在搅拌桩复合地基中的影响,具有工程实用价值。     

桩端压力注浆在基桩加固中的应用

在大直径灌注桩基桩加固中,桩端持力层力学性能不良、桩底沉渣过厚等原因造成单桩承裁力迭不到设计要求的情况,可以运用桩端压力注浆的方法进行加固.并阐述了实现合理的桩端注浆条件,桩端注浆提高单桩承载力的机理以及注浆加固效果分析.     

端承桩荷载传递与阻力分析试验研究

为了验证单桩承载能力,了解桩周和桩端阻力,采用钻孔灌注端承桩进行荷载和应变测试,并采用循环荷载方法,进行了端承桩荷载传递与阻力分析试验。根据静载试验和阻力测试结果,并依据地层剖面,分别求得单桩容许承载力、轴向力的分布、桩周岩土阻力和桩端岩基阻力,同时对如何考虑桩周阻力和利用桩端地基强度,提出了建议。     

某工程预应力管桩静载荷试验结果分析

通过对某工程预应力管桩单桩竖向抗压静载荷试验结果的分析研究,指出沉桩时的挤土效应、桩的卸压回弹、桩端持力层软化、桩周土体重新固结程度不足等因素,都有可能导致桩在试验时发生异常沉降现象,并总结了设计和施工中应注意的问题及应采取的预防措施.     

自重湿陷性黄土场地双向螺旋桩复合地基承载能力试验研究

通过现场试验,分别研究在不同桩间距下,经过挤密处理后大厚度湿陷性黄土地基中桩间土的物理力学指标、非排土双向螺旋素土挤密桩(柔性桩)复合地基承载力特征值、非排土双向螺旋素混凝土挤密桩(刚性桩)复合地基承载力特征值,确定双向螺旋挤土桩技术在处理大厚度湿陷性黄土地基具有技术先进、稳定可靠的特点,同时具有一定的环保优势。     

桩端后压浆技术及应用

文章主要介绍了钻孔灌注桩由于桩端土层的扰动或桩底残留清理不彻底,使得桩端承载力不能充分发挥.采用后压浆技术可有效加固桩端持力层和孔底残留,使得桩端反力大大提高.通过工程实例,从压浆目的、设计、施工工艺等几个方面介绍了桩端压浆技术在砂土层中的应用.     

Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for Psychologists.

Presents the Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists. These guidelines reflect the continuing evolution of the study of psychology, changes in society at large, and emerging data about the different needs of particular individuals and groups historically marginalized or disenfranchised within and by psychology based on their ethnic/racial heritage and social group identity or membership. These guidelines reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in US society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients. The specific goals of these guidelines are to provide psychologists with (a) the rationale and needs for addressing multiculturalism and diversity in education, training, research, practice, and organizational change; (b) basic information, relevant terminology, current empirical research from psychology and related disciplines, and other data that support the proposed guidelines and underscore their importance; (c) references to enhance ongoing education, training, research, practice, and organizational change methodologies; and (d) paradigms that broaden the purview of psychology as a profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

重金属加压浸出技术现状及展望

加压浸出作为一种高效的湿法冶金手段,迄今为止已在铜、锌、镍、钴等重金属行业,以及铀、钼、黄金和铂族等稀贵金属行业得到推广应用。总结了重有色金属铜、铅、锌、镍、钴行业和冶炼过程副产物加压浸出技术研究和工业化应用现状,包括复杂硫化铜矿、铜钴矿、硫化砷渣、黑铜泥、铜阳极泥、白烟尘和铜钴冶炼转炉渣加压浸出,复杂硫化锌矿、锌浸出渣、赤铁矿除铁、镓锗富集物、铜渣等加压浸出,硫化镍矿、红土镍矿、白合金、铜渣和钴冰铜加压浸出等。最后,对加压浸出技术在重有色金属行业未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Management of Fluid Mud in Estuaries, Bays, and Lakes. II: Measurement, Modeling, and Management

Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.     

Obituary: Clara Mayo (1931-1981).

Obituary [Clara Mayo; 1931-1981]. When she died, Clara Mayo's teaching, researching, writing, and administering were very much in motion. Her primary goal, as always, was to understand and alleviate prejudice, sexism, and racism. Clara Mayo was a complete teacher, an indefatigable colleague, and a collaborator par excellence. In all three she urged us to be committed, and she showed us how to think and act with subtlety, passion, detachment, verve, and yes, with fun. Clara Mayo was committed to intellectual adventure and social justice, and in that she saw no contradiction and no end. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Darwin on race, gender, and culture.

Darwin's theories of natural selection and sexual selection are significant scientific achievements, although his understanding of race and gender was defined and limited by his own life circumstances and the sociohistorical context within which he worked. This article considers the ways in which race, gender, and culture were represented and explained by Darwin and the ways in which his observations and opinions on gender and race were taken up by others and, more often than not, misapplied. Whereas the challenge of race (for Darwin) was to demonstrate the fundamental similarity and, hence, the common origin, of human races, the challenge of gender (for Darwin) was to identify a mechanism that could account for differences between women and men that, to him, were obvious, fundamental, and significant. The article concludes by considering the implications of Darwin's views for contemporary scientific psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

P507+N235高酸砷铁反萃溶液处理工艺的优化

介绍了某锌冶炼厂采用P507+N235组成的双溶剂萃取体系从硫酸浸出液中萃取砷铁的生产情况,并对高酸砷铁反萃溶液返回锌冶炼系统存在的问题进行分析。采用膜分离工艺处理反萃溶液,对比分析纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜分离的工艺条件和投资运行成本。结果表明,纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜均可以有效分离溶液中杂质元素：其中采用纳滤膜工艺时,截留浓液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别为91.2%、88.55%、87.5%、47.44%和50%,酸回收利用率为52.56%;采用扩散渗析膜工艺,渗析残液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别92%、87.94%、90%、5.13%和75%,酸回收利用率为94.87%。截留浓液和渗析残液均采用石灰中和法脱除溶液中的砷铁,过滤溶液返回系统实现资源循环利用,扩散渗析膜相比纳滤膜投资少,操作维护简单,生产成本低,更适合用于工业生产。     

Pesticide Runoff Loads from Lawns and Golf Courses

Pesticide runoff loads from grass surfaces were estimated for 29 chemicals commonly applied to U.S. lawns and golf courses. Data on pesticide properties and typical application rates and schedules were developed and summarized as input parameters for the TurfPQ runoff model. Weather data for each of 9 U.S. cities were generated by the USCLIMATE model and modified by the addition of growing season irrigation. Simulation runs were made for each chemical, grass surface (lawns, greens, fairways), and city, and the results were summarized as mean annual and 1-in-10 year annual maximum daily pesticide loads. These loads varied greatly with pesticide, grass surface, and city, ranging from 0 to 875?g/ha for mean loads and 0 to 818?g/ha for 1-in-10 year daily loads. Mean annual loads averaged over the 29 chemicals and 3 grass surfaces were found to be closely related to growing season precipitation. Variations among the nine cities were well-captured by three general climate categories: Humid, characterized by abundant precipitation and warm temperatures, represented by Atlanta and Houston; temperate, with moderate precipitation and temperature, as with Albany, Columbus, Madison, and Olympia; and dry, with sparse precipitation, represented by Bismarck, Fresno, and Roswell. Mean annual pesticide runoff was 37, 9, and 2?g/ha in the humid, temperate, and dry regions, respectively.     

低碳高效高炉的设计研究

高炉炼铁的物理本质是铁素物质流在碳素能量流的驱动和作用下,按照设计的流程网络和运行程序,经过一系列复杂物理化学冶金反应过程,将铁矿石转变/转化为液态生铁的过程。碳素不仅是铁矿石还原过程的能量驱动源,也是生成铁水的重要非金属合金元素。面向全球“碳达峰”“碳中和”的发展形势,传统高炉必须在已有工艺技术的基础上进行改进、优化和创新,努力实现低碳化、高效化、绿色化、智能化等多重目标。提出了未来高炉在实现高效低碳的同时,必须从功能设计、装备设计和流程设计入手,遵循节能减排、低碳绿色新的发展理念,通过工艺优化、结构优化和技术开发,使传统高炉更加适应于炉料结构和燃料结构的变革,减少焦炭消耗和对其依赖,在碳素能量输入降低的条件下,形成新的耗散结构体系,进而实现高炉低碳高效炼铁的工程演进和技术发展。     

The Relation of Children's Everyday Nonsocial Peer Play Behavior to Their Emotionality, Regulation, and Social Functioning.

The relations of children's nonsocial behavior to their emotionality, regulation, and social functioning were examined in a short-term longitudinal study. Parents (primarily mothers) and teachers rated children's effortful regulation, emotionality, asocial behaviors, problem behaviors, and social acceptance, and children's nonsocial play behaviors were observed for two semesters. Peers also rated likability. Children's observed reticent activities were related to adults' ratings of high regulation, low externalizing problems, and high asocial behavior, as well as to low anger and low positive emotion. On the other hand, solitary play was associated with low positive emotion and low regulation over time and with high asocial behavior and high peer exclusion. Peer rejection mediated the relation of internalizing emotions (anxiety, low positive emotion) and regulation to solitary play later in the school year, and asocial play mediated the relation of internalizing emotions to both solitary and reticent play behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of the consulting psychologist in the prevention, detection, and correction of bullying and mobbing in the workplace.

It is clear that psychological aggression is both common in workplaces and harmful to individuals and organizations. An emerging line of research examines organizational responses to allegations of bullying and mobbing. As a result, some researchers now identify processes for detecting, correcting, and preventing bullying and mobbing. Strategies to improve the quality of working life such as surveillance, policy development, training, coaching, and the development of selection, performance management, and reward systems that set standards for collaborative and supportive behavior at work are all necessary to move organizations toward eliminating tolerance of bullying and mobbing. Consulting psychologists have the expertise to provide such interventions because of their in-depth understanding of personality, testing, and assessment, and the application of these concepts to selection, coaching, and performance management. The consulting psychologist brings an attention to human factors that humanize the workplace. The author reviews research on bullying and mobbing, adds practitioner insights based on 13 years of practice in this area, and discusses interventions applied in practice settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)