共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
G. H. BEALL B. R. KARSTETTER H. L. RITTLER 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1967,50(4):181-190
Metastable solid solutions with the β-quartz structure can be crystallized from most glasses in the system SiO2 -Mg(AlO2 )2 -LiAlO2 as well as from many containing the additional components Zn(AlO2 )2 Al(AlO2 )3 , Li2 ZnO2 , and Li2 BeO2 . Internal nucleation is afforded by additions of ZrO2 or TiO2 . Either transparent or opaque crystalline materials can be formed from glasses containing about 70% SiO2 . The transparency is due to a combination of low birefringence in the major stuffed β-quartz phase and minute crystal size. Thermal expansions vary from -20 to +50 × 10−7 /°C. Thermal stability is highly variable. Breakdown products include spinel, cordierite, β-spodumene, willemite, mullite, and cristobalite. Magnesian compositions can be strengthened by a 2Li+ ⇌ Mg2+ ionexchange reaction. Abraded flexural strengths range from 30,000 to 160,000 psi. 相似文献
2.
Commercial β-SiAlON ceramics were joined using mixed Si3 N4 , Y2 O3 , Al2 O3 , and SiO2 powders. At a joining temperature of 1600°C and a hold time in excess of 10 min, the adhesive was converted to an approximate 60:40 vol% composite of β-SiAlON–glass-ceramic. The grain size of the acicular β-SiAlON grains precipitated in the joint (submicrometer diameter, average aspect ratio of 10) was significantly smaller than those in the adherend ceramic (1–5 μm diameter). Intergrowth of β-SiAlON grains at the joint interface resulted in high bond strengths. The chemistry and microstructure of the ceramic adhesives used are described. 相似文献
3.
Akihiko Sakamoto Yusuke Himei Tadashi Seto 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2008,91(8):2570-2574
The applicability of Rayleigh-Gans and quasi-continuum scattering models to β-quartz solid solution (s.s.) glass–ceramics was studied. We evaluated the validity of these models using two specimens with different microstructures. The refractive indices of the crystalline and glass phases of the specimens were calculated by a method utilizing the transmittance change of the specimens due to structural relaxation. It was found that the quasi-continuum model is applicable to the glass–ceramics for estimating scattering intensity and its microstructure dependence. We demonstrated that the optical transmittance of the glass–ceramics can be simulated as a function of the microstructure on the basis of this model. The result of this study provides a quantitative approach for controlling the optical transmittance of β-quartz s.s. glass–ceramics. 相似文献
4.
Elongated β'-SiAlON grains grown from several finegrained Ym/3 Si12(m+n) Alm+n On N16–r compositions with α-Si3 N4 , AlN, Al2 O3 , and Y2 O3 starting materials have been examined. These grains have large aspect ratios and are oriented along the [0001] axis. TEM structural and chemical analysis suggests that they are nucleated from various seed crystals, which can be α-Si3 N4 , β-Si3 N4 , or other β'-SiAlON. The β'-SiAlON seed and the initial precipitation on β-Si3 N4 show a higher content of Al and O, indicating that a large transient supersaturation of Al and O in the liquid is instrumental for β'-SiAlON formation, whereas subsequent growth proceeds under a much lower driving force. The misfit between phases is accommodated by interfacial dislocations ( c -type and a -type). Fully grown β'-SiAlON grains usually contain several variants independently nucleated from the same seed. In particular, the two alternative α/β phase-matching possibilities result in two [0001] growth habits separated by a twin boundary. 相似文献
5.
The development of crystalline phases in lithium oxynitride glass-ceramics was examined, with particular emphasis placed on the effect of the nitrogen source (AlN or Si3 N4 ) on the formation and stability of a β-quartz solid-solution ( ss ) phase. Oxynitride glasses derived from the Li-Si-Al-O-N system were heat-treated at temperatures up to 1200°C to yield glass-ceramics in which β-quartz( ss ) and β-spodumene( ss ) of approximate composition Li2 OAl2 O3 4SiO2 formed as major phases and in which X-phase (Si3 Al6 O12 N2 ) and silicon oxynitride (Si2 N2 O) were present as minor phases. The nitrogen-containing β-quartz( ss ) phase that was prepared with AlN was stable at 1200°C; however, the use of Si3 N4 as the nitrogen source was significantly less effective in promoting such thermal stabilization. Lattice parameter measurements revealed that AlN and Si3 N4 had different effects on the crystalline structures, and it was proposed that the enhanced thermal stability of the β-quartz( ss ) phase that was prepared with AlN was due to both the replacement of oxygen by nitrogen and the positioning of excess Al3+ ions into interstitial sites within the β-quartz( ss ) crystal lattice. 相似文献
6.
Yong Ding Akiyoshi Osaka Yoshinari Miura 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(3):749-752
β-Barium borate (BBO) surface crystallized glass composites were prepared for a glass of composition 40BaO·15Tio2 –45B2 O3 (in mol%). Enhanced nucleation was attained by ultrasonic surface modification with an aqueous suspension of BBO particles, resulting in dense BBO thin films on the glass surfaces. Second harmonic generation signals were observed for samples subjected to ultrasonic treatment. 相似文献
7.
M. Backhaus-Ricoult V. Guerin A.-M. Huntz V. S. Urbanovich 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(2):385-392
High-temperature oxidation behavior, microstructural evolution, and oxidation kinetics of additive-free α-, β-, and mixed silicon nitride ceramics is investigated. The oxidation rate of the ceramics depends on the allotropic ratio; best oxidation resistance is achieved for ceramics rich in α-phase. Variations in the oxidation kinetics are directly related to average grain size and glass distribution in the oxidation scale. The oxygen contents incorporated into the Si3 N4 phase before its dissolution at the oxidation front affects the local glass composition and thereby yields nucleation and growth rates of SiO2 crystallites within the glass phase and a final oxidation scale microstructure, which depend on the incorporated oxygen contents. For the α-polymorph, the dynamic oxygen solubility is found to remain negligible; therefore, a nitrogen-rich glass forms at the oxidation front, which promotes devitrification and yields a scale with small grain size and thin intergranular glass films. β-Si3 N4 is observed to form oxygen-rich solid solutions on oxidation, which are in contact with silicon oxynitride or oxygen-rich glass. Nucleation of cristobalite in the latter is sluggish, yielding coarse-grained oxidation scales with thick intergranular glass film. 相似文献
8.
The mechanical properties of β-SiAlON ceramics joined using β-SiAlON-glass-forming adhesives consisting of mixed Si3 N4 , Y2 O3 , Al2 O3 , and SiO2 powders are described. Use of adhesives with a β-SiAlON:glass ratio of 60:40 gave an optimum joint strength of 650 MPa in four-point bending mode, i.e., 85% of that of unbonded material, when joining was carried out at 1600°C for 10 min, under an applied uniaxial pressure of 2 MPa. Bonding pressures in excess of 2 MPa caused excessive compressive creep distortion during the joining operation. The strengths of postjoined HIPed material and HIPed, unbonded material, differed by only 4%, i.e., 975 and 1010 MPa, respectively, which indicates that HIPing reduces the size of critical defects in the joint. Fracture toughness of the joint also improved upon HIPing. 相似文献
9.
10.
转炉渣微晶玻璃热处理制度研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以60%转炉渣和40%硅石为原料,采用熔融法制备了微晶玻璃.借助XRD,SEM和DTA等分析手段研究了晶化和核化时间对微晶玻璃析晶行为和性能的影响.在不同的晶化和核化时间下,微晶玻璃的晶相均为钙铁辉石和铁透辉石,晶体均为球形.随着晶化时间的延长,晶体析出量增加,微晶玻璃的平均粒径和显微硬度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,当晶化时间为75 min时达到最大值,分别为0.44 μm和733 Hv;随着核化时间的延长,晶体尺寸逐渐减小,晶核数量逐渐增加,显微硬度变化平缓. 相似文献
11.
β-spodumene glass–ceramics with a whisker-like microstructure were prepared from the following materials (in wt%): 64.5 SiO2 , 18.0 Al2 O3 , 4.2 Li2 O, 4 ZrO2 , and 8 MgF2 . Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that phase separation in the base glass leads to the formation of a primary crystal phase of MgF2 that promotes the formation of spherical β-spodumene. Whisker spodumene crystals surrounded by spherical crystals are observed at 720°C after 1 h, and the whisker crystals grow at the cost of spherical crystals with increasing temperature and time. The flexural strengths of the glass–ceramics reach a maximum of 228 MPa after heat treatment at 850°C for 1 h. 相似文献
12.
Guo-Dong Zhan Mamoru Mitomo Yuichi Ikuhara Taketo Sakuma 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(12):3179-3184
The influence of grain shape and size on superplastic behavior and deformation mechanisms was investigated in annealed β-silicon nitride materials and compared with the results for hot-pressed material. The microstructure of the annealed materials consisted of fine equiaxed β-grains together with some elongated ones. Similar to the deformation behavior in the hot-pressed material, strain hardening did not occur in these annealed materials. Moreover, in contrast to the deformation behavior under tension, grain alignment under compression resulting from the development of a mild texture did not give rise to strain hardening. An annealed material with small elongated grains had a flow-stress dependency of n = 1, whereas other annealed materials with large elongated grains exhibited a flow-stress dependency of n = 1.6. In terms of texture development and the effect of grain shape on the creep rate when diffusion was the rate-controlling mechanism, a single curve with a stress exponent of ∼1 and a grain-size exponent of 3 were obtained for all materials. This suggests that the deformation mechanism in these annealed materials was the same as that of fine equiaxed β-silicon nitride. 相似文献
13.
Luisa Barbieri Cristina Leonelli Tiziano Manfredini Cristina Siligardi Anna Bonamartini Corradi Piercarlo Mustarelli Corrado Tomasi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(12):3077-3083
An aluminosilicate glass of composition 61SiO2 6Al2 O3 10MgO6ZnO·12Li2 O·5TiO2 (mol%) has been prepared by a melting process and investigated as far as crystallization is concerned. Glass-ceramic is easily obtained because glass shows a high tendency to crystallize starting from 700°C. The crystalline phases evolve with temperature, showing the aluminosilicates to be the main phase up to 1050°C, followed by metasilicates and silicates, some of which have lower melting points. The titanates of Mg and Zn develop from the phase-separated glass, soon after T g , and grow to form nucleation centers for the other crystalline phases. The evolution from phase-separated glass to glass-ceramic has been followed by many thermal, diffractometric, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. 相似文献
14.
Hot pressing kinetics of α-Si3 N4 , AIN, Al2 O3 , and Y2 O3 powder mixtures forming α'- and β'-SiAlONs have been studied. Densification proceeds in two steps, first by a small shrinkage upon ternary eutectic oxide melting (SiO2 –Al2 O3 –Y2 O3 ) at 1340°C, followed by a massive particle rearrangement and further shrinkage at higher temperature when nitride dissolution begins. With better wettability, AIN initially traps the oxide melt and delays densification. In addition, the preferential dissolution of AIN at 1450°C enriches the melt composition in AI, triggering transient precipitation of supersaturated β'-SiAlON. Full densification is readily achieved at 1550°C without complete α-Si3 N4 conversion. 相似文献
15.
Thommy Ekström Lena K. L. Falk Zhi-Jian Shen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(2):301-312
Duplex αβ,-sialon ceramics with a minimum volume fraction of residual intergranular glass have been prepared using Dy or Sm as the α-sialon stabilizing element. These microstructures contained high aspect ratio β-sialon grains homogeneously distributed in an α-sialon matrix. A number of the larger α-sialon grains contained dislocations and showed a core/shell structure. Dy gave an α-sialon which was stable over a wide temperature range (1350–1800°C) for long holding times, while the use of Sm resulted in less stable α-sialon structures at medium temperatures (1450°C) and the formation of melilite, R2 Si3−x Alx O3+x N4−x , β-sialon, and the 21R sialon polytype during prolonged heating. High α-phase contents gave a very high hardness ( H V10 is approximately 22 GPa) but a comparatively low indentation fracture toughness (around 4.4 MPam1/2 ). Duplex sialons fabricated from powder mixtures corresponding to an α-to-β sialon ratio of around 50:50 resulted in a sialon material with a favorable combination of high hardness (around 22 GPa) and increased toughness (to around 5.5 MPam1/2 ). 相似文献
16.
A nonuniform distribution of K was found in β -alumina that had been in contact with sodium polysulfide or sodium nitrate melts containing small amounts of K. Large β -alumina grains in contact with the melt had approximately the equilibrium concentration of K expected from studies on single crystals of β -alumina, but surrounding grains contained little or no K. Thus the mobility of K ions in grain boundaries in β -alumina appears to be very low. Stresses from K concentration at the ceramic surface could enhance other incipient sources of failure such as seal stresses, cracks, and other defects. 相似文献
17.
Mamoru Mitomo Hideki Hirotsuru Hisayuki Suematsu Toshiyuki Nishimura 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(1):211-214
Fine β-powder with an average particle size of 0.28 μm was prepared by grinding and centrifugal sedimentation of sub-micrometer β-powder. Fine- and uniform-grained ceramics were fabricated from the powder by hot pressing. The average grain size of the ceramic was 0.21 μm. It was shown that this kind of microstructure was desirable for the matrix of in situ composite. It was also shown that the ceramics could be superplastically deformed at a temperature as low as 1500°C. 相似文献
18.
Jian-Feng Yang Yoshihisa Beppu Guo-Jun Zhang Tatsuki Ohji Shuzo Kanzaki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(7):1879-1881
Single-phase β'-SiAlON (Si6− z Al z O z N8− z , z = 0–4.2) ceramics with porous structure have been prepared by pressureless sintering of powder mixtures of á-Si3 N4 , AlN, and Al2 O3 of the SiAlON compositions. A solution of AlN and Al2 O3 into Si3 N4 resulted in the β'-SiAlON, and full densification was prohibited because no other sintering additives were used. Relative densities ranging from 50%–90% were adjusted with the z -value and sintering temperature. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that single-phase β'-SiAlON free from a grain boundary glassy phase could be obtained. Both grain and pore sizes increased with increasing z -value. Low z -value resulted in a relatively high flexural strength. 相似文献
19.
Dong-Duk Lee Suk-Joong L. Kang Gunter Petzow Duk N. Yoon 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1990,73(3):767-769
By using α-Si3 N4 and β-Si3 N4 starting powders with similar particle size and distribution, the effect of α-β (β') phase transition on densification and microstructure is investigated during the liquid-phase sintering of 82Si3 N4 ·9Al2 O3 ·9Y2 O3 (wt%) and 80Si3 N4 ·13Al2 O3 ·5AIN·5AIN·2Y2 O3 . When α-Si3 N4 powder is used, the grains become elongated, apparently hindering the densification process. Hence, the phase transition does not enhance the densification. 相似文献
20.
The kinetics of partial melting in a β-spodumene glass-ceramic was measured by holding fully crystallized material above the solidus but below the liquidus temperature. The kinetics was apparently limited by the rate of diffusion of silica in the crystalline phase. The measured lattice diffusivity of silica was 8×10−10 exp(-251 kJ mol−1 /RT ) m2 s−1 with a possible error of ±60 kJ mol−1 in the activation energy. The partially molten samples were heat-treated below the solidus to obtain the kinetics of crystallization, which was found to be interface-reaction-controlled. 相似文献