氧化物-氟化物系电解制取金属钕过程碳含量的控制

研究了在氧化物-氟化物体系电解制取金属钕过程中,电解槽结构、电解质组成、电解温度、加料速度等工艺条件对金属钕中碳含量的影响,在改进了电解槽结构,调整了电解质组成、电解温度、加料速度3个工艺参数,进行了为期30d的工业试验。结果表明,采用改进后的电解槽,电解质的配比(质量百分数)控制在NdF3∶LiF=90%∶10%,正常电解时温度控制在1020～1040℃,出金属时的温度控制在1070～1080℃,加料速度控制在每隔40min加2.0～2.5kg就可以将金属钕中碳含量控制在0.03%以下。     

Fe-40Cr-2Ce合金阳极900℃氧化及电解腐蚀行为

采用真空感应熔炼法制备铝电解用Fe-40Cr-2Ce合金阳极。研究了合金阳极900℃下的氧化和电解腐蚀行为。电解测试采用900℃的NaF-AlF3低温电解质体系,阳极电流密度为0.5 A/cm2,电解时间10 h。结果表明：合金的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律;合金中高浓度的Ce形成晶界沉淀,造成Ce的＂活性元素效应＂失效。电解后的阳极表面生成连续的FeCr2O4尖晶石相氧化膜。根据热腐蚀酸-碱溶解机理,氧化物在氧化物/电解质界面上的溶解度负梯度造成了阳极表面氧化物的持续的溶解。电解质中高浓度的氧化铝有利于减缓氧化膜的酸性溶解,降低合金阳极的电解腐蚀速率。     

稀土组元对储氢合金La（Ni3.5Co0.8Mn0.4Al0.3）电化学性能的影响

通过稀土族金属中铈、镨和钕部分替代ＡＢ５储氢合金中的镧,研究了稀土组元变化（共１３组成分变化）对合金电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明稀土组元含量变化明显影响合金电极的电化学性能。镨对保持储氢合金电极的高放电容量有利,当含０．２％（摩尔分数）时放电容量达２９０ｍＡ·ｈ／ｇ,铈则相反;随钕含量的增加,电池的放电容量也降低。     

氧化物与氟化物的加入对氯化物熔盐体系电解制备Mg-La合金的影响

以石墨坩埚为阳极,钨棒为阴极,在750℃的MgCl2-LaCl3-KCl熔盐体系中,采用恒电位电解制备Mg—La合金。研究氧化物和氟化物的加入对电解的影响,通过XRD对部分Mg-La合金产物和电解渣进行表征。随着MgO或La203在熔盐电解质中加入量的增加,电流效率和所得合金产物的质量都减小,表明MgO和La203参与电解质中的反应。在加入的氧化物质量相同的情况下,MgO与La2O3相比对电流效率和合金产物质量的影响更明显。XRD研究结果表明：MgO或La2O3加入到熔盐电解质中后,有LaOCl生成,LaOCl电解渣的生成是氧化物对电解消极影响的主要原因。在本实验的的熔盐体系中,CaF2的加入对消除MgO的负面影响没有积极意义,这可能和镧化合物在熔盐电解质中的复杂反应有关。     

专利五则

熔盐电解制改细钨粉的方法（CN1180112A）一种用馆盐电解技术制取细钨粉的方法．电解质成分按重量计份：基本电解质：NaCl20份～80份、KCl补充至100份．按前述比例所得NaCl、KCl混合物50份～85份、Na2WO48份一叙份、WO33份～8份；电解温度：根据电解质成分的变化，采取相适应的温度，其温度范围为560℃～750℃；阳极电流密度和阴极电流密度均为olstw～1．ho阴极材料：阴极材料可选取为铁质、铁基会金、金属钨、钨合金，除碳质以外的具有导电性能的复合材料之任何一种；阳板材料：用板材料可选取碳质材料和情性金属材料之一种．（屈力…     

Gd、Y含量对烧结钕铁硼永磁体磁性能的影响

本文研究了在不同烧结制度下元素Gd和Y的含量对烧结Nd16Fe78B6永磁材料的磁性能和显微结构的影响。实验中,分别采用Gd、Y等量取代原合金中的部分Nd,实验结果表明,Gd、Y替代Nd含量最佳范围为0～15％（质量）。烧结温度为1120℃回火温度为800℃时（Gd15Nd85）16Fe18B6合金的磁性能最佳。烧结温度为1120℃回火温度为600℃时（Y15Nd85）16Fe78B6合金的磁性能最佳。显微组织研究表明,两种合金样品分别产生新相钆铁钕氧化物相和钇铁钕氧化物相。     

固体电解质用于熔盐电解析氧过程的研究

将氧化物固体电解质制成析氧阳极,研究了在以析氧阳极和碳阴极构成的电解槽中氧化铝熔盐电解过程,测得分解电压约为1.67V,并定性地研究了固体电解质在冰晶石熔盐中的腐蚀问题,实验结果表明,电解条件下固体电解质管内外两表面间的电势差使固体电解质在冰晶石熔盐中存在溶解阻碍,有很好的耐腐蚀性能。     

专利三则

一种稀土烤盐电解陶瓷阳板及其制备方法（CN1188162A）一种稀土熔盐电解陶瓷阳极及其制备方法，涉及一种稀土熔盐电解中用阳板材料，其材料成分为：氧化铁60％～84％，氧化体10％一20％，氧化铜15％～20％．制备时首先将氧化铁、氧化钦和氧化铜混合均匀，制成混合粉，再进行等静压成型制成坯料，最后进行烧结．本发明陶瓷阳极性能优良，其高温电导率高，并且不会给产品带来碳杂质，是稀土熔盐电解用阳极的理想替代品．一种金属集束长纤维的制备方法（CN1212911A）一种金属集束长纤维的制备方法，涉及金属纤维与徐敷隔离层的分离过程．其…     

熔盐电解法制备镁铈合金的研究

研究了不完全脱水氯化镁与稀土氯盐混合在电解槽中直接电解生产镁铈合金的新方法,所用电解质为非氟化物电解质,电解温度低,不改变目前工业镁电解槽的槽型,易于工业推广应用。研究的目的是使我国在用青海盐湖水氯镁石为原料电解镁的研究中取得突破性进展,以此推动利用青海盐湖镁资源取得巨大进展,并结合青海、甘肃周边丰富的稀土资源,制备镁稀土合金。实验过程采用不完全脱水氯化镁为电解原料,简化了工艺步骤,还可以有效利用提取镨、钕后大量剩余的铈稀土,使稀土元素铈可以得到广泛应用,将产生很好的经济效益。     

稀土熔盐电解中新型阳极的研制及耐蚀性能

针对稀土金属钕的氟化物系熔盐电解中石墨阳极所存在的一系列问题,研制了一种新型的电极材料-稀土氧化物阳极;并对其在电解过程中的腐蚀机理进行了较为详细的探讨,提出了还原反应、电解质对电极材料的润湿渗透、电极组分的溶解,析氧膨胀等几种可能的腐蚀原因。     

Electrolytic preparation of Al-Ca master alloy on liquid Al cathode

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｓａｎｅｗｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｓｕｐｅｒ ｐｌａｓｔｉｃａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙ ,Ａｌ Ｃａａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｇｏｏｄｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｂｕｔａｌ ｓｏｇｏｏｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙａｎｄｓｔｒｏｎｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｂｅｉｎｇｆｏｒｍｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ａｌｏｔｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｄｅｖｏｔ ｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ…     

INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING ON SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT OF Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

Effect of carbon, compound RE, quenching temperature, pre-strain and recovery temperature on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. It was shown that the grains of alloys addition with compound RE became finer and SME increased evidently. SME of the alloy was weakening gradually as carbon content increased under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (more than 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content range from 0.1% to 0.12% showed small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE. Results were also indicated that SME was improved by increasing quenching temperature (>1000℃). The amount of thermal induced martensite increased and the relative shape recovery ratio could be increased to more than 40% after 3-4 times thermal training. The relative shape recovery ratio decreased evidently depending on rising of pre-strain. Furthermore, because speed of martensite transi     

由电热法一次铝硅合金制取铸造铝硅合金的研究

由电热还原法制取的一次铝硅合金含有铝55%.硅25%和一些杂质.其中的杂质主要是铁和一些金属氧化物.在实验室中研究了由一次铝硅合金制取铸造铝硅合金的工艺.研究结果得出,使用含冰晶石和氯化钠混合物的精炼剂以及金属锰为除铁剂并采取适当的工艺方法,可以有效地去除一次铝硅合金中的杂质,制取符合工业标准的铸造铝硅合金.文中对精炼剂量的大小以及过滤温度等工艺条件对铸造合金中某些金属杂质含量的影响进行了研究.     

An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.     

Effect of carbon on the coefficient of thermal expansion of as-cast Fe−30wt.%Ni−12.5wt.%Co−×C invar alloys

The segregation (distribution) of nickel and the composition of its constituents influence the low thermal expansion characteristics (Invar effect) in Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy. The change of coefficient of the thermal expansion and magnetic properties were studied as an aspect of carbon addition causing the segregation of Ni in primary austenite of as-cast Fe?30wt.% Ni?12.5wt.% Co Invar alloy. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy showed its lowest value at 0.08 wt.% carbon, increased with increasing carbon content in the range of 0.08–1.0 wt.%C, kept constant at 1.0–2.0 wt.%C and decreased at carbon higher than 2.0 wt.%. The effective distribution of the coefficient of nickel in as-cast Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The volume fraction of the γ phase of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The microstructure of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C alloy changed with the carbon content was independent of the coefficient of thermal expansion. The Curie temperature changed linearly with the carbon content and was similar to the change of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Moreover, the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased when the ratio of saturation magnetization to Curie temperature (σ_s/T_c) increased, decreasing the Curie temperature and showed a specific relationship with the magnetic properties of the Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy.     

Pulse plating of Pd-Ni alloys: Dependence on current density

Pulsed-current electrolysis with the ratio of on-time to off-time of 1:99 has been applied to the deposition of Pd-Ni alloys from a palladium ammine chloride-nickel sulphate bath.The change in the metal ratio of the alloy deposits with an increase in the average current density was less pronounced using the application of pulsed-current electrolysis with extremely short on-time, 0.1 ms. The dependence of the hydrogen content of the Pd-Ni alloys in the current density was also smaller in deposits obtained by the pulsed-current electrolysis with shorter on-time. Even though current density was appreciable, extremely short on-time and much longer off-time brought about no diffusion polarization. The factor affecting the composition of the Pd-Ni alloy deposits (metal ratio and hydrogen content of the films) seemed to be the concentration of the depositable ions in the vicinity of the electrode surface.The preferred orientation of the Pd-Ni alloys deposited by pulsed current changed in the order (111) → (100) → (110) with increase in the current density. The energy required for two-dimensional nucleation on metals with the f.c.c. lattice has been known to increase in the same order. In a similar manner to the deposition of the single metal, an increase in the average current density in the alloy deposition led to a high overpotential and produced fine-grained deposits. The structural features of the Pd-Ni alloy deposits such as the preferred orientation and the grain size seemed to depend on the amount of energy supplied for the crystallization process of the metals.     

Preparation of Al-Sr Master Alloy in Aluminum Electrolysis Cell

1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌ Ｓｒｍａｓｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｍｏｄｉ ｆｉｅｒｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ .Ｉｔｈａｓｍａｎｙａｄ ｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｒｓ .Ｉｔｓｍｏｄｉｆｙｉｎｇｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｃａｎｌａｓｔｆｉｖｅｔｏｓｅｖｅｎｈｏｕｒｓａｎｄｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｉｍｅｓ ,ａｎｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓｏｂ ｓｅｒｖｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｕｒｓｅ[1 ].Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｉｔｉｓｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｄｉ…     

C含量对单晶高温合金再结晶的影响

采用选晶法在真空定向凝固炉中,制备了C含量分别为0.019%、0.048%、0.074%和0.094%的单晶高温合金,合金表面吹沙后分别在1 250、1 300℃进行真空热处理,研究不同C含量对单晶高温合金再结晶的影响。结果表明:随着合金中C含量升高,碳化物含量增多,其形态由块状转变为骨架状、发达骨架状;随着C含量增加,合金再结晶层深度无明显变化趋势,这表明碳化物对合金再结晶无明显的抑制作用,随着热处理温度升高,再结晶厚层深度明显增加;C对单晶高温合金再结晶抑制作用与形成碳化物的形态和密度有关,在合金表层形成高密度的碳化物,从而对再结晶晶界形成钉扎作用,阻碍晶界的迁移,能够起到抑制再结晶的作用。     

电解铝炭素阳极消耗研究评述

电解铝过程中，炭素阳极的实际消耗远高于其理论消耗，直接影响原铝的生产成本。本文在分析铝用炭素阳极消耗机理的基础上，评述了阳极生产和电解铝生产中的诸多因素对炭素阳极消耗的影响，这些因素包括：阳极电流密度、石油焦煅烧温度、阳极焙烧温度、电解槽操作温度、阳极硫含量、阳极金属杂质、残极和灰分、阳极添加剂、电解质添加剂、阳极配方的沥青用量和阳极保护措施等。     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.