Comparative analysis of three tetrachloroethene to ethene halorespiring consortia suggests functional redundancy

Three anaerobic, dechlorinating consortia were enriched from different sites using methanol and tetrachloroethene (PCE) and maintained for approximately 3 years. These consortia were evaluated using chemical species analysis including distribution of dechlorination products, production of organic acids and methane, and using qualitative and quantitative PCR (qPCR), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with primers specific to Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA gene sequences. TRFLP and analysis of organic acids revealed differing fermentative populations in each consortium, which were dominated by acetogens. Monitoring methane production combined with qPCR for archaea showed that complete dechlorination of PCE-to-ethene occurred in the presence and absence of methanogens. The 16S rRNA gene-based analyses demonstrated that enrichment with PCE resulted in dechlorinating communities dominated by Dehalococcoides and Dehalobacter, and that up to four different PCE-dechlorinating organisms coexisted in one consortium. Further, the DGGE analysis suggested that at least one consortium contained multiple Dehalococcoides strains. The combined analysis of 16S rRNA and reductive dehalogenase genes suggested that one consortium contained a member of the Dehalococcoides "Cornell" group with the ability to respire VC.     

Comparative analysis of promoter regions containing binding sites of the heterodimeric transcription factor Ino2/Ino4 involved in yeast phospholipid biosynthesis

The inositol/choline responsive element (ICRE) functions as a UAS element mediating coordinate expression of structural genes required for yeast phospholipid biosynthesis. However, ICRE motifs could be detected upstream of various genes apparently not involved in lipid metabolism. In this work we investigated the expression pattern of selected genes containing ICRE promoter motifs, as identified by in silico analysis (ARG4, ERG20, FAR8, GPD2, RSF1, URA8, VHT1 and YEL073C). It turned out that the presence of an ICRE upstream of a gene of unknown function indeed allows to conclude for regulation by phospholipid precursors, which is mediated by activators Ino2/Ino4 and the repressor Opi1. We also demonstrated in vitro binding of Ino2/Ino4 heterodimers to promoter regions. Thus, our analysis supports the view that identification of regulatory elements by a database search provides evidence for a specific pattern of gene expression. Activation by pathway-specific regulators may suggest a physiological function for as yet uncharacterized genes.     

生物检测技术在食品检验中的研究

生物检测技术在食品检验中应用越来越广泛，对食品检测中的主要生物检测方法及其主要应用领域进行了综述，并对发展前景做了展望。     

旋流器中分散相颗粒动力学分析

从湍流和两相流动的角度全面阐释了分散相颗粒在旋流场中的受力，重点介绍了分散相颗粒在旋流场中所受的颗粒加速度力（巴西特力、视质量力、速度波动力）和由速度梯度引起的力（马格拉斯力、滑移-剪切升力）等。并对在此受力分析基础上建立的分散性运动方程进行了简化分析，指出可以得到分散相径向速度对于径向位置的分布和径向运动特性时间。同时指出旋流场中应力的作用及其与连续相介质阻力的关系，纠正了相关文献的说法。     

Characterization of the DGAT1 mutations and the CSN1S1 promoter in the German Angeln dairy cattle population

The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes with influence on milk production traits has been the objective of various mapping studies in the last decade. In the centromeric region of Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 14, the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 gene (DGAT1) has been identified as the most likely causative gene underlying a QTL for milk fat yield and content. Recently, a second polymorphism in the promoter of DGAT1 emerged as an additional source of variation. In this study, the frequencies and the effects of alleles at the DGAT1 K232A and at the DGAT1 promoter variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) locus on BTA14, and of alleles at the CSN1S1 (α_S1-casein-encoding gene) promoter on BTA6 in the German Angeln dairy cattle population were investigated. Analyzed traits were milk, fat, protein, lactose, and milk energy yield, fat, protein, lactose, and milk energy content and somatic cell score. The lysine variant of the DGAT1 K232A mutation showed significant effects for most of the milk production traits. A specific allele of the DGAT1 promoter VNTR showed significant effects on the traits lactose yield and content, milk energy content, and SCS compared with the other alleles. Additionally, a regulation mechanism between the DGAT1 K232A mutation and the DGAT1 promoter VNTR was found for fat yield and content, which could be caused by an upper physiological bound for the effects of the DGAT1 gene. At the CSN1S1 promoter, 2 of 4 alleles showed significant allele substitution effects on the milk yield traits.     

Rest before slaughter ameliorates pre-slaughter stress-induced increased drip loss but not stress-induced increase in the toughness of pork

One factor affecting meat quality is pre-slaughter stress. We investigated the effects of exercise stress on drip loss and toughness in relation to resting times of 0, 1 or 3 h following exercise on a treadmill. This exercise stress was regarded as combined physical and physiological stress. Exercise stress increased the muscle temperature, reduced the creatine phosphate, ATP and glycogen content of pigs slaughtered immediately after stress exposure. These conditions lead to a reduced pH early post mortem and an increased drip loss, while only 1 h of rest after exercise stress normalised these effects. However, an overshooting effect was noted when pigs were rested for 1–3 h before slaughter, emphasising the importance of critical control of the resting period when studying exercise stress-induced effects on meat quality. Furthermore, meat from exercise stressed pigs, irrespective of resting, had increased toughness compared to controls, indicating that the toughness was not related to drip loss in meat from exercise stressed pigs.     

口罩标准比较分析

从口罩产品的分类、材料组成、标准规范比较方面进行介绍和信息整理,罗列国内各项口罩执行标准的适用范围和评价指标,同时与国外相关口罩标准技术规范中的关键性参数进行对比,为今后口罩产品的开发提供参考.     

Genetic analysis of cow survival in the Israeli dairy cattle population.

The linear model method of VanRaden and Klaaskate for analyzing herd life was expanded. Information on conception and protein yield was included in the estimation of predicted herd life of Israeli Holsteins. Variance components were estimated by a multitrait animal model. Heritability was slightly higher for herd life than for number of parities, but genetic correlations were close to unity. Animal model heritability estimates of herd life were higher than were sire model estimates. The expected herd life of pregnant cows was 420 d greater than for open cows. Each kilogram of increase in protein yield increased expected herd life by 9.5 d. Heritability of expected herd life increased from 0.11 for cows 6 mo after first calving to 0.14 for cows 3 yr from first calving. The genetic correlation of expected and actual herd life increased from 0.87 for records cut after 6 mo to 0.99 for records cut 3 yr after first calving. Phenotypic correlations increased from 0.61 to 0.94. Sire genetic evaluations based on predicted herd life of live cows were strongly biased if all records were weighted equally, and evaluations derived by weighting incomplete records to account for the effects of current herd life on variance components were nearly unbiased.     

不同洗毛工艺对比分析

文章研究了非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷APG作为洗涤剂和助剂在纺织行业的洗涤机理,探讨APG洗剂复配物组分、洗涤工艺条件、稳定性、生态指标等.利用烷基糖苷与其他洗剂复配后,采用不同洗毛工艺,运用正交设计方法进行实验,对不同洗毛工艺条件下洗净毛的断裂强度、白度以及含脂率进行性能测试,分析了不同洗毛工艺对洗净毛质量的影响,以获得具有性能和价格双重优势的APG及其复配洗剂,提出较好的非离子洗毛方案.     

国产烤烟总灰分含量对比分析

对173份国产烤烟样品总灰分含量进行了测定,并对总灰分含量与烤烟感官质量之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明：不同产区烤烟总灰分含量差异极显著,烤烟总灰分含量表现为河南〉贵州〉山东〉云南〉四川〉福建.不同部位烤烟总灰分含量差异极显著,表现为下部叶〉中部叶〉上部叶.不同厚度、油分、色度的烤烟总灰分含量差异极显著,随着烟叶厚度的增加,总灰分含量呈降低的趋势;油分越多,总灰分含量越低;色度越强,烟叶总灰分含量越低.烤烟总灰分含量与香气质、香气量、杂气、评吸总分、刺激性和余味呈显著或极显著负相关.     

中国生物技术领域专利发展及其现状分析

本文简要论述了我国生物技术领域专利的发展概况,概括总结了我国在此领域内的专利保护范围,对其专利保护现状进行了介绍和分析,并就如何加强在该领域内的专利保护提出了建议。     

双螺杆磨浆机螺纹元件三维流场分析

建立了双螺杆磨浆机中螺纹元件流道的三维几何模型,利用FLUENT有限元软件对悬浮液纸浆在流道内的流动状态进行了模拟分析,得出了速度场和压力场.在此基础上,对剪切速率及剪切粘度进行了模拟计算.结果表明,纤维物料通过正向螺纹段时,受到较大的挤压和剪切,促使纤维分离并帚化分丝;纤维物料通过反向螺纹时,同样受到剪切,并能使物料匀整化.     

Comparative characteristics of nutrition of the male population in some cities of the USSR (a cooperative study)]

The state of nutrition was studied in men of varying age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-54 years) living in different cities of the USSR. The standard method of food ration "daily reproduction" was used to investigate 25% of representative subsample in each age group. It has been found that the daily ration of men living in the European part of the USSR (Moscow, Kiev, Tallinn) is characterized by a rather high caloric value and by a significant imbalance in the consumption of the main food substances.     

市售四川香肠中生物胺含量比较分析

利用高效液相色谱,以丹磺酰氯为衍生试剂,分析了四川地区30种市售四川香肠中色胺、苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺和亚精胺的含量。结果表明:30种市售四川香肠中7种生物胺的检出率均为100%,其中组胺含量最高,平均为182.69 mg/kg;酪胺、尸胺和腐胺次之,平均含量分别为176.93、163.40和60.88 mg/kg;亚精胺平均含量最低,为7.68 mg/kg。30种四川香肠中生物胺的总含量为335.76~1 267.13 mg/kg,1号样品的生物胺总量最高,1、2、5、13、14、15和16号样品中尸胺、组胺和酪胺含量均超过100 mg/kg,存在一定的安全隐患。     

Genetic analysis of persistency in the israeli holstein population by the multitrait animal model

Persistency was defined as the predicted milk production 180 d after peak divided by peak production (in %). Heritability of persistency in a multitrait analysis including parities 1 through 5 increased from 0.16 to 0.27 from first through third parity, and then declined through fifth parity. Genetic correlations for persistency between consecutive parities were all > 0.8. First-parity genetic correlations of the traits included in the Israeli selection index with persistency were all < 0.1, except for fertility and herdlife, which were 0.20 and 0.25; whereas second-parity genetic correlations of persistency with the 3 milk production traits were all > 0.34, and the genetic correlation with fertility was only 0.10. The genetic correlation between second-parity persistency and herdlife was 0.58. Persistency in the Israeli Holstein population was analyzed by the multitrait animal model. The genetic trend since 1985 for the multiparity index was 0.22% persistency/yr, even though there was no direct selection on persistency.     

南瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量及特征指标比较

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱和化学滴定法等手段,对我国不同产地的10个南瓜籽油的特征指标(碘值、皂化值、相对密度、折光指数、脂肪酸组成)和角鲨烯含量进行了分析,并和其他特种木本油脂中的角鲨烯含量进行比较.结果表明:南瓜籽油相对密度范围为0.9188～0.9215;折光指数为1.4560～1.4669;碘值为108.4～...     

Short communication: new alleles of the bovine kappa-casein gene revealed by resequencing and haplotype inference analysis

We tested the hypothesis that extensive undiscovered genetic diversity exists in important functional genes from domestic and wild cattle species (Bos spp.). We resequenced 483 bp of a key exon (exon IV) from the kappa (κ)-casein gene (CSN3) for a panel of samples of domestic cattle from 8 countries and a close relative species, the gayal (Bos frontalis). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Haplotype inference revealed 12 haplotypes, of which 8 were newly discovered. Among these 8 new haplotypes, 5 differed by one nonsynonymous mutation and 3 differed by one silent mutation from previously well-characterized CSN3 alleles. From those, one was shared by the gayal and Zebu, was different from CSN3*B at position Ile136Thr, and showed a close phylogenetic relationship with the banteng, gaur, and yak. The other 7 new haplotypes were detected in our panel of worldwide local cattle breeds but were absent from previously reported commercial breeds. These results support the hypothesis that genetic diversity at the coding region of CSN3 has been underestimated. This study also highlights how important it is to resequence functionally important genes in worldwide local cattle breeds, many of which are threatened by extinction or replacement by commercial breeds.