面向路径的测试数据生成框架及应用

测试数据生成是软件测试的核心与关键,本文介绍了迭代松弛法以及对迭代松弛法进行改进,改进后的方法比原方法生成测试数据的能力更强,不仅能够用于白盒测试数据的自动生成,还能够用于黑盒测试数据的自动生成。在此基础上提出一个面向路径的测试数据生成框架。并讨论该框架在单元测试、组装测试中的应用。     

Cloud-based automatic test data generation framework

Designing test cases is one of the most crucial activities in software testing process. Manual test case design might result in inadequate testing outputs due to lack of expertise and/or skill requirements. This article delivers automatic test data generation framework by effectively utilizing soft computing technique with Apache Hadoop MapReduce as the parallelization framework. We have evaluated and analyzed statistically our proposed framework using real world open source libraries. The experimental results conducted on Hadoop cluster with ten nodes are effective and our framework significantly outperforms other existing cloud-based testing models.     

Integration framework for intelligent manufacturing processes

In this article, we describe a new approach to applying distributed artificial intelligence techniques to manufacturing processes. The construction of intelligent systems is one of the most important techniques among artificial intelligence research. Our goal is to develop an integrated intelligent system for real time manufacturing processes. An integrated intelligent system is a large knowledge integration environment that consists of several symbolic reasoning systems (expert systems) and numerical computation packages. These software programs are controlled by a meta-system which manages the selection, operation and communication of these programs. A meta-system can be implemented in different language environments and applied to many disciplines. This new architecture can serve as a universal configuration to develop high performance intelligent systems for many complicated industrial applications in real world domains.To whom all correspondence should be addressed.     

Dynamic method for software test data generation

Test data generation in program testing is the process of identifying a set of test data which satisfies a given testing criterion. Existing pathwise test data generators proceed by selecting program paths that satisfy the selected criterion and then generating program inputs for these paths. One of the problems with this approach is that unfeasible paths are often selected; as a result, significant computational effort can be wasted in analysing those paths. In this paper, an approach to test data generation, referred to as a dynamic approach for test data generation, is presented. In this approach, the path selection stage is eliminated. Test data are derived based on the actual execution of the program under test and function minimization methods. The approach starts by executing a program for an arbitrary program input. During program execution for each executed branch, a search procedure decides whether the execution should continue through the current branch or an alternative branch should be taken. If an undesirable execution flow is observed at the current branch, then a real-valued function is associated with this branch, and function minimization search algorithms are used to locate values of input variables automatically, which will change the flow of execution at this branch.     

An integrated automatic test data generation system

The Godzilla automatic test data generator is an integrated collection of tools that implements a relatively new test data generation method—constraint-based testing—that is based on mutation analysis. Constraint-based testing integrates mutation analysis with several other testing techniques, including statement coverage, branch coverage, domain perturbation, and symbolic evaluation. Because Godzilla uses a rule-based approach to generate test data, it is easily extendible to allow new testing techniques to be integrated into the current system. This article describes the system that has been built to implement constraint-based testing. Godzilla's design emphasizes orthogonality and modularity, allowing relatively easy extensions. Godzilla's internal structure and algorithms are described with emphasis on internal structures of the system and the engineering problems that were solved during the implementation.Parts of this research were supported by Contract F30602-85-C-0255 through Rome Air Development Center while the author was a graduate student at the Georgia Institute of Technology.     

基于演化算法的结构测试数据自动生成方法评述

结构测试数据自动生成是结构测试结构测试数据自动生成方法后,重点对基于演化算法的结构测试数据自动生成方法加以评述.归纳了该方法的基本思想和基本流程,按照适应度函数构造方式的不同将其划分为面向覆盖法、面向距离法和综合法三大类,并结合相关文献分析了这三类方法各自的技术特点,比较了各自的优劣.最后,指出了存在的不足,探讨了发展方向.     

A framework for Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Simulation

Both Simulation and Artificial Intelligence try to model reality for problem solving and decision making. In this paper, we propose a framework for integrating the two areas by uncovering fundamental similarities between them and opportunities for combining them which can be mutually useful. The framework also shows the potential gains for Simulation by applying Artificial Intelligence concepts (mainly expert systems) to assist in the simulation process and reveals in an organised way the potential gains for Artificial Intelligence by applying concepts derived from Simulation.     

基于蚁群算法的软件测试数据自动生成

提出了一种基于蚁群算法的测试数据自动生成方法。该方法采用位串形式编码,实现了被测程序输入空间到蚂蚁路径网络的映射模型。根据程序插装函数定义的路径信息素轨迹强度,蚂蚁进行群体协作搜索最佳路径,生成测试数据。在基本蚁群算法基础上,通过引入变异算子和自适应挥发系数,提高了蚂蚁路径的多样性,克服了早熟停滞的缺陷。和模拟退火遗传算法进行了对比实验研究,结果表明了该方法的可行性,生成测试数据的效率优于模拟退火遗传算法。     

An object-oriented framework for developing distributed manufacturing architectures

Management of complexity, changes and disturbances is one of the key issues of production today. Distributed, agent-based structures represent viable alternatives to hierarchical systems provided with reactive/proactive capabilities. In the paper, approaches to distributed manufacturing architectures are surveyed, and their fundamental features are highlighted, together with the main questions to be answered while designing new structures. Moreover, an object-oriented simulation framework for development and evaluation of multi-agent manufacturing architectures is introduced.     

Generating test data for both path coverage and fault detection using genetic algorithms

The aim of software testing is to find faults in a program under test, so generating test data that can expose the faults of a program is very important. To date, current stud- ies on generating test data for path coverage do not perform well in detecting low probability faults on the covered path. The automatic generation of test data for both path coverage and fault detection using genetic algorithms is the focus of this study. To this end, the problem is first formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem with one constraint whose objectives are the number of faults detected in the traversed path and the risk level of these faults, and whose constraint is that the traversed path must be the target path. An evolution- ary algorithm is employed to solve the formulated model, and several types of fault detection methods are given. Finally, the proposed method is applied to several real-world programs, and compared with a random method and evolutionary opti- mization method in the following three aspects： the number of generations and the time consumption needed to generate desired test data, and the success rate of detecting faults. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can effectively generate test data that not only traverse the target path but also detect faults lying in it.     

关键字驱动测试框架的研究与实现

为有效解决C++接口测试问题,研究了自动化测试框架的原理和技术.基于关键字驱动方法,通过对目前C++接口测试工具使用复杂,测试脚本脆弱等特点的分析和研究,提出一个具有高易用性和灵活性的测试框架,通过解析由关键字定义的测试描述文件和多种格式的数据文件,自动生成可执行的C++测试代码.测试人员只需编写少量测试代码和数据,即可实现复杂的测试.在实际应用中减少了测试人员工作量,降低了测试成本,取得了很好的效果.     

Knowledge-based facility planning: a review and a framework

The knowledge-based facility planning (KBFP) problem is reviewed. The aim of KBFP is to provide a more comprehensive planning package for users so that their expertise can be augmented with proven knowledge, and yield significantly better plans. The categories reviewed include facilities equipment selection, software model selection, and the generative task of creating a facility planning solution. The employed problem representation and problem-solving techniques are reviewed. Finally, the development of an integrated framework for KBFP is discussed.     

A framework for knowledge-based control

A framework for knowledge-based control is proposed. The approach presented is suitable for control systems and control support of systems which have no adequate mathematical models. Thus, the control is performed by using knowledge engineering methods rather than pure mathematical control methods. The domain expert's knowledge is assumed to be encoded in the form of simple statements (facts) and special reasoning rules, which form the core of the Knowledge-Based Control System (KBCS). The control system reads the input information, and on the basis of the current state of its knowledge base, together with the application of supplied inference rules updates the knowledge base and performs the required control actions. Moreover, some inference control knowledge, reflecting the expert's way of reasoning, is to be incorporated in the KBCS. The main idea of the system consists of selecting an appropriate set of actions to be executed, with regard to the current state specification and the control goal given. An abstract mathematical model of the control process is formulated and a suitable language for knowledge representation is proposed. The reasoning scheme is discussed and the structure of the control system is outlined. A representative application example is provided.     

The integration of an intelligent knowledge-based system into engineering software using the blackboard structure

Over recent years there has been an increase in the use of generic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software packages spread across various application fields. This has created the need for the integration of expertise into CFD software. Expertise can be integrated into CFD software in the form of an Intelligent Knowledge-Based System (IKBS). The advantages of integrating intelligence into generic engineering software are discussed with a special view to software engineering considerations. The software modelling cycle of a typical engineering problem is identified and the respective expertise and user control needed for each modelling phase is shown. The requirements of an IKBS for CFD software are discussed and compared to current practice. The blackboard software architecture is presented. This is shown to be appropriate for the integration of an IKBS into an engineering software package. This is demonstrated through the presentation of the prototype CFD software package FLOWES.     

基于改进PSO算法的测试数据自动生成研究

为了提高软件测试中测试数据自动生成的效率,提出了一种基于改进PSO算法的测试数据自动生成的方法。通过在标准的PSO算法中引入人工免疫的思想,保持了群体的多样性,从而有效避免标准PSO算法易陷入局部最优的问题,提高了算法全局搜索的能力,增强了算法的整体性能。实验结果表明,利用改进后的PSO算法寻找最优解所需的迭代次数和时间明显少于标准粒子群算法,生成测试数据的速度快、效率高。     

Collaborative real-time traffic information generation and sharing framework for the intelligent transportation system

Real-time traffic information collection and data fusion is one of the most important tasks in the advanced traffic management system (ATMS), and sharing traffic information to users is an essential part of the advance traveler information system (ATIS) among the intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Traditionally, sensor-based schemes or probing-vehicle based schemes have been used for collecting traffic information, but the coverage, cost, and real-time issues have remained unsolved. In this paper, a wiki-like collaborative real-time traffic information collection, fusion and sharing framework is proposed, which includes user-centric traffic event reacting mechanism, and automatic agent-centric traffic information aggregating scheme. Smart traffic agents (STA) developed for various front-end devices have the location-aware two-way real-time traffic exchange capability, and built-in event-reporting mechanism to allow users to report the real-time traffic events around their locations. In addition to collecting traffic information, the framework also integrates heterogeneous external real-time traffic information data sources and internal historical traffic information database to predict real-time traffic status by knowledge base system technique.     

A logic-based environment for reactive agents in intelligent CAD systems

This paper is an evolution of a previous article by the authors[1] (Bento, J. P., Feijó, B., Lloyd-Smith, D., Computers and Structures, 1977, 63(5), 1015–1032) motivated by the need to provide computational support to an agent-based implementation of design processes. It presents a new programming environment to support the development of CAD systems based on a hybrid agent architecture in which the symbolic reasoning is carried out by first-order logic. The reactive behaviour of the agents can be achieved through a number of characteristics proposed for the object-oriented environment. This environment is also a general proposal for representing engineering design knowledge in which logic is integrated into an object-oriented paradigm. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved.