熔盐法制备氧化镁粉体及其活性研究

以MgCl2-6H2O、CaCO3和LiCl为原料,采甩熔盐法制备了MgO粉体。通过热重．差示扫描热量计（TG—DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段对反应过程及产物进行了分析和表征,同时采用水解动力学分析法研究了煅烧温度和时间对氧化镁粉体活性的影响。TG-DSC分析表明,650℃时CaCO3可完全反应;XRD分析表朝,450℃保温3h热处理,产物中有MgO生成。650℃保温3h热处理,产物经无水乙醇洗涤后,全部为MgO晶体;SEM分析表明,所制备的氧化镁形貌为颗粒状,形状不规整,大小介于50-250nm之间;水解动力学分析法表明,当温度大于500℃、保温时阕超过3h后,随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长,MgO粉体活性下降。     

熔盐法制备岩层形貌氧化镁粉体的研究

以MgCl_2·6H_2O、CaCO_3和LiCl为原料,采用熔盐法制备了岩层形貌MgO粉体.借助热重-差示扫描热量计(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对反应过程及产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明,430 ℃保温3 h热处理,产物中有MgO生成,600 ℃保温3 h热处理,产物经无水乙醇洗涤后,全部为MgO晶体;原料在650 ℃下保温3 h热处理,用水浸泡得到的氢氧化镁为不规整的片状形貌,分解为氧化镁后变成颗粒状形貌,粒径介于0.1～0.6 μm之间;EDTA-PEG溶液浸泡得到的氢氧化镁为四面体形貌,分解为氧化镁后为岩层形貌,大部分在顶角处有缺损,最大边长可达1.5 μm,表层粘附着少量颗粒状氧化镁,表面不平整.     

煅烧工艺对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响

采用柠檬酸法测定了均匀沉淀法制备出的纳米氧化镁粉体活性,并与普通氧化镁粉体活性进行了比较.探讨了煅烧温度和煅烧时间对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响.结果表明,煅烧温度和煅烧时间对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响很大,煅烧温度为450 ℃和煅烧时间为3 h得到的纳米氧化镁粉体活性较大.普通氧化镁粉体的活性要低于纳米氧化镁粉体的活性.     

氧化镁活性及用于烟气脱硫的实验研究

用柠檬酸法和XRD法测定氧化镁的活性,得到氧化镁活性与煅烧温度和煅烧时间的关系。用菱镁矿煅烧制备的氧化镁进行湿法烟气脱硫试验,结果表明,当煅烧温度为650℃、煅烧45min时,氧化镁活性最好,在650℃下煅烧45min和700℃下煅烧30min时的氧化镁的脱硫活性好。     

煅烧和消化工艺对白云石活性的影响

以白云石为原料,采用柠檬酸测定法,通过控制煅烧温度、保温时间、消化温度和消化时间等因素,研究了煅烧和消化工艺对白云石活性的影响及最佳的煅烧和消化条件.结果表明:煅烧温度为950℃,保温时间为1.5 h时,煅烧产物中的氧化镁活性最好;以最佳煅烧条件下得到的白云灰粉进行消化反应,消化温度为80 ℃、消化时间为30 min时,得到的消化产物活性最高.工艺简单、操作方便,对进一步利用白云石制备氢氧化镁和氧化镁产品具有重要的参考价值.     

煅烧和消化工艺对白云石活性的影响

以白云石为原料,采用柠檬酸测定法,通过控制煅烧温度、保温时间、消化温度和消化时间等因素,研究了煅烧和消化工艺对白云石活性的影响及最佳的煅烧和消化条件。结果表明:煅烧温度为950℃,保温时间为1.5 h时,煅烧产物中的氧化镁活性最好;以最佳煅烧条件下得到的白云灰粉进行消化反应,消化温度为80℃、消化时间为30 m in时,得到的消化产物活性最高。工艺简单、操作方便,对进一步利用白云石制备氢氧化镁和氧化镁产品具有重要的参考价值。     

均匀沉淀法制备锡酸锌与锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙的研究

以均匀沉淀法制备了羟基锡酸锌和羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙,利用超声分散和共沸蒸馏对所得产物处理后,经高温煅烧得锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙粉体.采用XRD,TG-DTA对羟基锡酸锌及羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙的煅烧产物进行分析,确定合成锡酸锌和锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙的最佳煅烧温度为500 ℃,最佳煅烧时间为3 h.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,锡酸锌已包覆在纳米碳酸钙表面,透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,锡酸锌包覆纳米碳酸钙的粒径在40～60 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法合成铬酸铜

本文以硝酸铜、硝酸铬为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法进行了CuCr2O4粉体的制备。通过XRD、SEM和FTIR等方法考察了pH值和燃烧温度对制备过程及产物结构的影响。结果表明:当硝酸铜:硝酸铬:柠檬酸摩尔比为1:2:3、pH值分别为3、5、7、9、煅烧温度为650℃~950℃,并保温5h时,均能得到晶相为CuCr2O4的粉体。同时,温度和pH值对粉体合成的影响较大。研究表明,850℃为较佳的合成温度,且pH值为3时,合成粉体的结晶度较好。     

由碱式碳酸镁制备过氧化镁

以碱式碳酸镁为原料,首先经过煅烧制备出活性较高的氧化镁,活性氧化镁再与过氧化氢溶液经反应、过滤及干燥制备出过氧化镁产品.研究结果表明,碱式碳酸镁的煅烧时间和煅烧温度对合成过氧化镁的活性氧含量有较大影响,最佳煅烧时间为2 h,煅烧温度为650℃;通过对反应液固比、反应温度及反应时间进行考察,确定了适宜的工艺条件:在室温下...     

纳米Al2O3粉体的热处理工艺参数的优化

以醇铝溶胶-凝胶法制得的水合氧化铝粉为实验原料,通过正交设计,运用(L934)正交表安排热处理实验对水合氧化铝进行热处理,制备具有不同颗粒特性纳米氧化铝粉体,探讨热处理工艺参数对纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的影响规律,优化纳米氧化铝的热处理工艺参数。结果表明:热处理工艺是影响纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的一个重要因素。热处理工艺参数对Al2O3粒子颗粒特性的影响由强到弱的次序为:煅烧温度、煅烧温度点的保温时间、水合氧化铝300℃分解温度点的保温时间;通过控制其热处理工艺参数,可获得一定尺寸范围内的大小均匀、分散性好的球形γ-Al2O3粉体;制备尺寸为8nm的球形γ-Al2O3粉体的最佳的热处理工艺参数为:煅烧温度900℃,煅烧温度点保温4h,300℃温度点不保温。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.