彩色豆腐加工技术

以胡萝卜和大豆为主要原料,制作出具有营养价值的彩色豆腐.并对豆浆与菜汁的添加比例,凝固剂的选择与用量进行研究,结果表明:豆浆与菜汁的最佳配比为3∶1,凝固剂采用6-葡萄糖酸内酯与氯化钙按7∶3的质量比例混合,添加量为0.3%.     

海带豆腐的研制

以大豆和海带为原料，以葡萄糖酸-δ内酯（GDL）为凝固剂，研制了海带豆腐。结果表明，其制作的最佳工艺参数为：海带浸泡50min，豆乳浓度1：6，海带汁添加量30％，GDL添加量0．22％。该产品口感细腻，具有纯正的豆香味及海带特有的风味。     

新型豆腐复合凝固剂的研究

运用回归正交方案设计,研究以内酯为主的豆腐复合凝固剂中石膏,磷酸氢二钠（改良剂）,单甙酯（乳化剂）的不同添加量对豆腐凝胶强度及品质的影响,确定了以内酯为主的豆腐复合凝固剂的最佳配方。结果表明;以内酯为主的豆腐复合凝固剂向豆浆中添加量的最佳配方为内酯0．3％,石膏0．069％,磷酸氢二钠0．047％。单甘酯0．019％（以豆浆计）。     

正交实验法优化黑豆胡萝卜汁豆腐工艺研究

以黑豆和胡萝卜为主要原料,开发具有较强抗氧化能力的豆腐产品。通过质构特性、感官、保水性以及得率评价,基于正交实验获得黑豆胡萝卜汁豆腐的最佳工艺。单因素实验结果表明,黑豆胡萝卜汁豆腐的硬度和得率均随豆浆浓度和凝固剂添加量的增加而增大;随着胡萝卜汁添加量的增加,胶粘性、得率、保水率均呈逐渐降低趋势,当添加量为15%时,感官接受度最高。正交实验优化结果表明,影响抗氧化能力的因素主次为:豆水比胡萝卜汁添加量凝固剂添加量,最佳工艺条件为豆水比1∶5(W/V)、胡萝卜汁添加量为15%(V/V)、凝固剂添加量为0.8%(W/V)。在此工艺条件下,豆腐抗氧化活性最高。     

绿茶内酯豆腐的研制

以大豆、干茶叶为主要原料,以葡萄糖酸-δ内酯(GDL)为凝固剂,研制绿茶内酯豆腐。通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了豆浆浓度、豆浆与茶汁的混合比例、GDL添加量及凝固温度对绿茶内酯豆腐产品品质的影响。结果表明:当豆浆浓度为料水比1∶5,豆浆和绿茶汁的混合比例为8∶2,加热凝固温度为90℃,GDL添加量为0.20%时,绿茶内酯豆腐的品质最好,制得的豆腐呈浅黄色,口感细腻爽滑,具有绿茶特有的清香。     

芹菜花色豆腐的研制

本文研究了芹菜豆腐的制作工艺.通过单因素和正交试验研究芹菜汁与豆浆的比例,凝固剂葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)添加量、凝固时间、凝固温度、淀粉添加量对豆腐品质的影响.试验结果表明,芹菜花色豆腐的最佳工艺条件:芹菜汁与豆浆的比例为1∶4,凝固剂葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)添加量为0.4%,凝固时间为30min,凝固温度为95℃,淀粉添加量为0.5%.     

乳酸钙充填豆腐工艺技术研究

为了探明乳酸钙豆腐凝固剂应用参数对豆腐成品物理特性的影响,从豆腐凝固剂的应用参数:乳酸钙添加量、豆浆浓度(磨浆时干豆与水的比例),点浆温度及凝固温度和时间对成品凝胶强度、保水率和感官品质的影响进行研究。结果表明乳酸钙作豆腐凝固剂最佳应用参数:乳酸钙添加量0.2%(以豆浆体积计),豆浆浓度1:6(干豆/水=1/6,w/w),点浆温度30℃,凝固温度90℃,凝固时间30min。      

乳酸钙充填豆腐工艺技术研究

为了探明乳酸钙豆腐凝固剂应用参数对豆腐成品物理特性的影响,从豆腐凝固剂的应用参数:乳酸钙添加量、豆浆浓度(磨浆时干豆与水的比例),点浆温度及凝固温度和时间对成品凝胶强度、保水率和感官品质的影响进行研究。结果表明乳酸钙作豆腐凝固剂最佳应用参数:乳酸钙添加量0.2%(以豆浆体积计),豆浆浓度1:6(干豆/水=1/6,w/w),点浆温度30℃,凝固温度90℃,凝固时间30min。     

钙盐作豆腐凝固剂

豆腐的传统作法首先是把大豆磨成豆浆.往豆浆里添加钙盐,然后成型、切块。现在人们已经认识到:选择合适的盐类物质作凝固剂和合适的添加量是豆腐生产中最重要的环节。盐的添加量少时,大豆蛋白则不能完全凝固,形成“散脑”.盐的添加量过多时,则使作出的豆腐质地较硬,风味不佳。史密斯(1949年),史密斯等人(1960年),施罗德等人(1973年)和萨尔克(1977年)报告了用硫酸钙作豆腐凝固剂的情况。王氏(1967年)报告了用硫酸钙和硫酸镁的混合剂作豆腐凝固剂的情况。硫酸钙几乎是最常用的豆腐凝固剂。但是用硫酸钙有一些问题。实际上硫酸钙这种盐是不溶解的。以这种盐作豆腐凝固剂时,需要有较熟练的技术,而且每批作出的豆腐在质量上也不一样。材料及实验方法豆腐的制作: 大豆在水中浸泡过夜,然后用相当于大豆体积2.5倍体积的水在捣浆机中高速捣浆二分钟,将大豆均     

豌豆豆腐的研制

以豌豆和大豆为原料,以葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)为凝固剂,对豌豆、大豆复合豆腐的加工工艺进行了研究.探讨了浸泡条件、豌豆浆与大豆浆的复合比例、豆浆加热条件以及凝固条件对豆腐品质的影响.结果显示:豌豆最佳浸泡水温为20℃,浸泡17 h;在豌豆浆中加入一定比例的大豆豆浆可以提高豆浆的蛋白质含量,增加豆腐的凝胶强度和降低失水率,最低复合比例为豌豆浆:大豆浆按1:1比例混合;复合豆浆的最佳加热条件为95℃水浴加热15 min;最适凝固条件为GDL用量0.3%,CaSO4用量0.1%;凝固温度95℃,凝固时间40 min.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the