光纤布拉格光栅耦合器型窄带上下话路滤波器的数值分析

从麦克斯韦方程组出发,通过将光纤波导扰动和光栅折射率调制扰动效应转换成等效的耦合系数,推导出光纤布拉格光栅耦合器的统一特征方程。采用打靶法并结合朗格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)数值积分对两种光纤布拉格光栅耦合器型上下话路滤波器的传输特性进行了详细的分析。结果表明,对于光栅破坏耦合器,利用光栅引入的强色散效应,滤波器的波长选择能力得到极大的提高,低于1 nm的带宽能够满足波分复用(WDM)系统的需求,并且当光栅调制的等效耦合远远超过两光纤消逝场间的耦合效率时,不仅有效地抑制了反射信号,使满足布拉格匹配条件的信号透射输出,还消除了旁瓣纹波;而对于光栅辅助耦合器,其非干涉本质使得器件性能更加稳定,并可通过调整光栅长度进一步改善滤波响应。     

双光栅耦合器型上下话路滤波器的设计和实验

利用两布拉格光栅反射作用的联合效应形成的双光栅耦合器,具有结构紧凑、滤波效率显著加强的优点.通过详细分析光栅写入特性对器件性能的影响,指出优化光栅在耦合区中的位置,不仅可以使得满足布拉格匹配条件的信号最大效率地下话路输出,还能有效消除背向回波干扰.在此基础上,调节光栅写入长度和紫外折射率调制强度,设计制作出一种结构平衡、上下话路滤波响应同时改善的新型双光栅耦合器.并且在实验中发现,耦合区的非均匀是造成下话路响应平坦性恶化的主要因素,为改进熔融拉锥工艺、进一步提高双光栅耦合器的滤波性能提供了依据.     

二芯非线性光栅耦合器的开关特性研究

光纤光栅耦合器既有光栅的反射滤波特性,又有耦合器的多端口特性,是一种重要的光学器件.在龙格-库塔算法 的基础上,研究了一种新的算法来计算光纤光栅耦合器的非线性耦合模方程.研究表明,随着输入功率的增大,折射率发生 非线性变化,布拉格反射域发生偏移,从而使原本在光栅带隙内的脉冲通过光栅.另外在该算法的基础上,对光纤光栅耦合...     

布拉格光栅辅助型上下话路滤波器的实验制作

采用波长为248nm的紫外光,在由标准单模光纤和自制的高掺锗光敏光纤熔融拉锥制作的2×2光纤失配耦合器上写入光纤光栅,实现了全光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)辅助失配耦合器型上下话路滤波器,并测试了器件的传输特性,器件的插入损耗和回波损耗分别为6.74dB和-18.84dB。用10Gbps的光信号进行了传输实验,分别测试了下话路前、后信号的眼图。与输入信号相比,下话路信号的信噪比从10.04dB降低到了9.27dB,信号的消光比从8.89dB降低到了4.68dB。     

基于长周期光纤光栅的液位传感研究

基于简化的光纤三层模型,从折射率传感和长周期光纤光栅级联特性两方面对应用长周期光纤光栅作液位传感器进行了研究,当以峰值损耗为传感参量进行测量时,在没有发生过耦合的情况下,在一个较宽的范围内,光栅峰值损耗与进入液体的百分比成很好的线性关系;而当有过耦合发生时,光栅峰值损耗与进入液体的百分比不再一一对应.     

光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的特性

将修正的矢量等效折射率模型和耦合模理论相结合,系统地研究了光子晶体光纤长周期光栅(PCFLPG)的特性.验证了光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的双谐振峰特性;定量地研究了光子晶体光纤结构参数如空气孔间距、相对孔径比和光栅参数如光栅周期、光栅长度、折射率调制深度和光栅啁啾量对光栅谐振峰强度和谐振波长的影响.研究结果为光子晶体光纤长周期光栅在光纤通信、光纤传感等方面的应用提供了理论依据.     

梯形折射率调制长周期光纤光栅的理论分析

提出一种新型光栅模型——梯形折射率调制类型长周期光纤光栅（LPG）。以耦合模理论为基础，研究了折射率调制梯形上、下底边宽度差对光栅传输光谱特性的影响。计算结果表明：随着梯形上、下底边差值的增大，传输谱谐振峰的位置将向长波方向漂移；与矩形折射率调制LPG相比，梯形折射率调制LPG可以有效地减小光栅的折变量；当梯形上、下底边宽度差值的1／2为30μm时，光栅的折变量仅为相同光栅参数下矩形折射率调制光栅的80．2％。     

环境折射率对长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的影响

长周期光纤光栅是近几年出现的新型光纤器件,表现为前向传播的纤芯导模与同向传播的各阶次包层模在特定波长时的模式耦合,因此它在温度、应变、折射率传感方面比普通的光纤光栅有更大的优越性.运用耦合模理论,首先讨论了长周期光纤光栅的谐振波长,并模拟了其透射谱.其次在理论上详细分析了长周期光纤光栅对环境折射率的敏感特性,讨论了环境折射率敏感度因子与包层模次数的关系,并比较了不同环境折射率下的灵敏度.最后模拟了在环境折射率小于光栅包层折射率的情况下,谐振波长随环境折射率变化的规律.     

折射率非线性调制的双重光纤光栅特性

利用耦合模理论 ,系统分析了双重光纤光栅在折射率深度调制或非线性调制情况下的光谱特性。结果发现 ,在折射率非线性调制情况下 ,双重光纤光栅具有规则的多波长反射特性 ,同时 ,其反射光谱中的二次谐波也变得非常强 ,因此 ,它是一种实现多通道波分复用器、分插复用器及多波长激光器等的潜在技术。     

一种光纤布拉格光栅动态解调系统的研究

设计并实现了一种基于长周期光栅边缘滤波特性解调光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的动态应变检测系统。研究了当试件加载垂直周期力时FBG受到的动态响应特性。将FBG作为传感元件, 利用长周期光栅(LPFG)边缘滤波特性对光强调制, 长周期光栅的透射光信号经光电转换获得电压信号, 通过数采卡与LabView软件设计结合由计算机采集。根据试验结果, 获取信号的时域波形图并进行频谱分析。结果表明, 该系统采集的信号能够较好地反映施加振动载荷的频谱特征, 并实现了3 kHz频率以下的动态应变测量, 波长分辨极限达到0.004 nm。     

Optimum output efficiency of homogeneously broadened lasers with constant loss

The exact solution of a laser power extraction model is analyzed that relates the extraction efficiency with the laser parameters such as output coupling, small-signal gain, absorption loss, and laser cavity length. The model assumes a stable optical resonator and a homogeneously broadened gain medium. Optimum output coupling and resulting maximum extraction efficiency are determined for a range of values of the small-signal gain and absorption loss per pass. A relation is derived that allows determination of the intrinsic laser parameters from output power measurements when output mirrors are utilized with three different reflectances.     

Characteristics of laser-diode modules using thermally-diffused expanded core fibres

0.8 mu m band laser-diode modules have been developed for coupling to fibres with a relative refractive-index difference ( Delta ) as high as 2.3%. A coupling loss of 3.1 dB, fibre output power over 35 mW, and excellent temperature stability in the range from -10 to 60 degrees C were realised using a thermally-diffused expanded core fibre.<>     

High-silica multimode channel waveguide structure for minimizing fiber-waveguide-fiber coupling loss

The optimum structure for high-silica channel waveguides which are connected to input and output graded-index fibers having a 50-μm core diameter and a 1.0-percent refractive-index difference is studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical optimum waveguide structure is obtained on the basis of ray optic analysis. For the step-index waveguide with 1.0-percent refractive-index difference, the theoretical minimum coupling loss (input coupling loss + output coupling loss) is 1.7 dB for an optimum core of 38 μm both in depth and width. For the graded-index waveguide with parabolic-index profile in the depth direction and step-index profile in the width direction, the theoretical coupling loss is 1.1 dB for an optimum core of 38 μm in width and 50 μm in depth. These estimations were in good agreement with the experimental results, which were 1.8 dB for the step-index waveguide and 1.3 dB for the graded-index waveguide.     

Near-field emission from GaAs double-heterostructure laser mirrors

The near fields of GaAs double-heterostructure (DH) laser mirrors are studied both in photoluminescent (PL) excitation and in lasing emission. The various liquid-phase-epitaxial (LPE) layers of the laser diode are optically delineated, withmp0.1-mum resolution, in a wavelength-selective PL detection system. The near fields of the transverse lasing modes are correlated with the LPE layers that constitute the optical waveguide. With special emphasis on the large-cavity fundamental-mode Ppn'N laser, it is found that small changes in refractive index within the waveguide have pronounced effects on the distribution of stimulated power within the LPE layers. The fundamental mode is found to be contained within the slightly higher refractive-index gain region. This explains the previously observed localization of catastrophic mirror damage and the anomalously large angles of beam divergence. High-order modes are also excited in the gain region when its thickness and refractive-index step within the waveguide exceed some prescribed limits.     

空间光通信光纤耦合效率及补偿分析

受大气湍流影响,空间光通信系统中接收光至单模光纤耦合效率降低,根据弱湍流理论,推导了Kolmogorov湍流信道情况下准直高斯光束至单模光纤平均耦合效率表达式,仿真了1 km传输距离下不同接收孔径下平均耦合效率与湍流强度的关系,结果表明:当大气折射率结构常数达到10-12时,耦合效率降到0.1以下,且耦合效率随接收孔径增大而降低。采用37单元自适应光学系统（AO）进行补偿实验,对畸变波前进行重构再利用反射变形镜进行修正的方法,对比不同AO状态下波面图质量及远场长曝光成像及质心位置漂移,发现AO进行低阶像差校正后,波面峰-谷值及标准差减小、斯特列尔比（SR）及耦合效率增加,进行高阶校正后情况进一步改善。     

Analysis and design of combined distributed-feedback/Fabry-Perotstructures for surface-emitting semiconductor lasers

We propose combined distributed-feedback/Fabry-Perot (DFB/FP) structures for surface-emitting semiconductor lasers. The analysis is based on coupled-wave equations modified for surface-emitting lasers. The proposed structures, which exhibit enhanced resonance due to a matching between the gain and field distributions resulting in a reduced threshold compared with simple FP structures, are formed by placing the DFB structure between two DBR mirrors of an FP resonant cavity and introducing phase layers between the DFB region and the mirrors. It was found that the periodic-gain structures are a special case of the combined DFB/FP structures in which the index coupling effect is assumed to be negligible due to a small fill factor or a small refractive-index difference. The effect of complex (gain and index) coupling on the design and the threshold characteristics of the structures is clearly illustrated. Some important design considerations that were neglected in the previous papers are addressed     

Finite-temperature effects in free-electron lasers

The effect of energy spread on the gain of a dense-beam free-electron laser amplifier is analyzed. The formalism includes collective effects and allows for the use of an arbitrary distribution function. The dispersion relation is solved numerically. Besides broadening of the spectrum and decrease in gain, lowering of the central emission frequency with energy spread is observed. An initial-value problem is formulated and numerically solved, with power computed as a function of distance. The relative contributions of the different modes when temperature changes are analyzed. In particular, the competing effects of a decrease in coupling loss with temperature together with Landau damping are investigated.     

The influences of refractive index dispersion on the modal gain ofa quantum-well laser

A new self-consistent method (SCM) for single-quantum-well (SQW) AlGaAs-GaAs diode lasers is introduced to study systematically the influences of refractive-index dispersion on TE modal gain. The refractive-index dispersion of QW layers is calculated by the density matrix method. It is affected by the effective propagation constant of guided mode. Likewise, the transverse guided mode of QW lasers, as obtained by the transfer matrix method, is also influenced by the refractive-index dispersion. SCM, using the density matrix and transfer matrix methods self-consistently, provides the TE modal gain spectra. SCM's calculated results are compared with those of Dumke's approximation and show a decrease in energy of modal gain peak and a decline of modal gain values at high emission energies. The differences between these two methods are seen to increase with an increase of well width and to be unrelated to barrier height. Although not treated formally in this paper, we suggest that SCM results show a significantly superior match to real phenomena     

有源波导环形谐振腔滤波特性分析

将掺铒有源波导材料引入环形谐振腔结构，从理论上分析了有源波导环形谐振腔的滤波特性。结果表明由于抽运光提供的增益补偿了腔内损耗，使得环形谐振腔满足临界耦合条件，实现对信号光的最佳陷波，同时发现通过改变抽运光功率，可以对精细度和带宽进行动态调谐。分析了铒离子掺杂浓度、信号光功率以及抽运光耦合系数对最佳陷波抽运功率的影响，为有源波导器件设计制作提供了理论依据。     

抽运功率配置对双向喇曼放大器性能的影响

为了研究抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器性能的影响,基于已有的耦合方程,采用数值仿真方法,分析了不同抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益、增益饱和以及抽运功率转换效率的影响。结果表明,双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益、增益饱和以及抽运功率转换效率特性均介于同向和反向抽运光纤喇曼放大器之间,并且随着同向抽运功率在抽运总功率中所占比例的升高,增益、增益饱和功率和抽运功率转换效率的数值增加;大信号、抽运功率较大时,抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器性能的影响显著。这对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器和光纤激光研究具有一定的参考价值。