时效处理对离心铸造铝铜合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用立式离心铸造的方法,制备了铝铜合金铸件。通过光学显微镜、显微硬度计和室温拉伸、压缩性能测试,研究了人工时效处理对铝铜合金铸件显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长,合金试样的抗拉强度、抗拉屈服强度、抗压强度、压缩屈服强度以及显微硬度先升高后降低,在160℃时效5 h时达到最大值,此时的抗压强度达到241 MPa,显微硬度为108 HV,铸件的伸长率却发生相反的变化;力学性能呈现上述规律是由于显微组织发生相应变化引起的。     

纳米TiC对Al-Cu合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了纳米TiC对Al-Cu合金铸态、轧态和热处理态微观组织和对热处理态力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入适量的纳米TiC颗粒,可以有效细化合金的微观组织。当TiC含量较小时,随着TiC含量的增加,合金在轧制变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸减小。当TiC含量超过0.5%(质量分数,下同)时,再结晶晶粒又逐渐长大粗化。当纳米TiC含量为0.5%时,合金的综合性能最优,与基体相比,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提升了约18.6%和7%。TiC/Al-Cu合金在热处理过程中产生了析出相和大量位错,这有助于提高材料的力学性能。     

热处理对粉末冶金铝铜合金组织性能的影响

以纯铝和氧化铜粉末为原料,运用热等静压原位合成技术,制备了粉末冶金铝铜合金(Al-4.5%Cu)。研究了固溶和时效工艺对其组织和性能的影响,并分析讨论其作用机理。结果表明,粉末冶金法制备的铝铜合金组织均匀、致密,固溶+时效处理使合金硬度、强度明显提高,塑性和韧性略有下降。经过550℃×11 h固溶+150℃×46 h时效处理,合金的维氏硬度HV为1300 MPa,抗拉强度σb为328 MPa,冲击韧性αk为72.85 kJ.m-2,伸长率δ为6.63%。     

固溶处理和人工时效对Al-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

对Al-Cu合金进行析出强化和人工时效处理以获得优异的力学性能,如高的强度、好的韧性。其热处理工艺条件为:510～530℃固溶处理2h;60℃水淬;160～190℃人工时效2～8h。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和拉伸实验对经固溶和人工时效处理的Al-Cu合金的组织和力学性能进行表征。固溶处理实验结果表明,Al-Cu合金的力学性能随着固溶处理温度的升高先增加,然后降低。这是由于Al-Cu合金的残余相逐渐溶解进入基体中,从而导致析出相的数量和再结晶晶粒尺寸不断增加。相较于固溶处理温度,固溶处理时间对Al-Cu合金的影响较小。人工时效处理实验结果表明,合金经180℃时效8h,可以获得最大的拉伸强度。合金的最大拉伸强度和屈服强度随着时效时间的延长和温度的升高而升高。     

不同压力下挤压铸造铝铜合金的组织与性能

采用挤压铸造工艺制备出一种新开发的、高强韧铝铜合金.T5热处理状态下其抗拉强度达到433 MPa,伸长率为14%.通过对该合金力学性能及其显微组织的研究表明,铸态和经T5热处理的抗拉强度和伸长率均随压力的增加而增大,在压力为50MPa时达到最大值,但在铸态下,未加压力的铸造合金其硬度高于挤压铸造的合金硬度.随挤压力增加,晶粒明显细化,二次枝晶增加,枝晶间距减小.     

Effect of returns on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu based alloys

It is well known that maximal utilization of the returns can be beneficial for cost reduction,preservation of natural resources and protection of the environment,by making them into recycled Al-Cu alloys.In this study,the influences of returns on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloys have been investigated by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that the returns could be used to produce recycled Al-Cu alloys with fine and uniform microstructu...     

Al-Cu系合金的真空压铸及热处理

为了弥补目前Al-Cu系铸造合金应用于压铸成形时韧性不足问题,进行了ZL201合金的压铸及热处理的试探性研究,研究了Cu含量及T6热处理工艺对Al-Cu系合金普通压铸和真空压铸合金拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：Cu含量为4.6wt%的试样拉伸性能优于Cu含量为5wt%的试样;T6热处理后,普通压铸和真空压铸试样抗拉强度都有较大提高,伸长率下降,且真空压铸试件综合力学性能提升幅度较普通压铸大;T6热处理使得合金的微观断裂形式从脆性的准解理断裂变为准解理和韧窝的混合断裂。     

Evolution of precipitates of Al-Cu alloy during equal-channel angular pressing at room temperature

The evolution of precipitates and hardness changes in Al-Cu alloys during equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） at room temperature were investigated by hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that with the increase of the total equivalent strain during ECAP from 0 to 8.4, the hardness of specimens with metastable θ″ phase increases first and decreases in later period. The hardness increases successively in specimens containing metastable θ′ phase and equilibrium θ phase. It is believed that the evolutions of hardness are related to the mechanism of re-dissolution of precipitates. A critical nuclei size concept is provided to express the mechanism of such re-dissolution of three precipitates in Al-Cu alloys.     

离心压力对AZ31镁合金的组织和力学性能的影响

通过XRD、压缩试验等方法研究了不同离心压力对AZ31镁合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着离心压力的增大,离心铸造AZ31镁合金的晶粒明显细化,平衡凝固的共晶转变被抑制,第二相β-Mg17Al12析出量减少,由粗大的“骨骼”状分布转变成弥散分布在晶界,形成以过饱和初生相ɑ-Mg为主相的凝固组织。XRD分析表明,离心压力的增大引起X射线衍射峰向高角度方向偏移,α-Mg的晶格常数减小。随着离心压力的增大,合金力学性能得到明显改善,抗压强度从199 MPa提高到256 MPa,而伸长率变化不明显。     

高强Al-Cu合金脉冲MIG焊工艺

研究了单丝单脉冲、单丝复合脉冲和双丝TandemMIG焊对高强A1-Cu合金焊缝组织及性能的影响。试验结果表明，单丝复合脉冲焊接时，峰值电流周期性变化引起的熔池液体强烈的搅拌作用，使熔池的温度梯度降低，固液界面前沿成分过冷区中的形核核心增加，促进了焊缝组织的细化，提高了焊缝的强度和塑性。双丝MIG焊高的热输入和快的焊接速度，使焊缝产生了粗大的等轴枝晶组织，并增加了晶界和枝晶间共晶相的数量，使焊缝的强度、硬度和塑性降低。     

孕育剂Ti和Zr元素对2219铝铜合金焊缝组织和性能的影响

采用5种焊丝对2219铝铜合金进行MIG焊,研究了孕育剂Ti和Zr元素对焊缝组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Ti和Zr元素的细化作用是相容的,当焊丝中单独添加孕育剂Ti或Zr元素时,焊缝几乎由粗大的柱状晶组成.焊丝中复合添加少量的孕育剂Ti和Zr元素时,Ti和zr元素在熔池中分别形成Al3Ti和Al3Zr,促进了α(Al)非均质形核.随着焊丝中Ti和Zr元素含量的增加,焊缝组织逐步细化.当焊丝中Ti和Zr元素含量较高时,Ti和Zr元素还在熔池中形成大量的Al3(Ti,Zr)质点,促进α(Al)非均质形核,焊缝组织由细小均匀的等轴晶组成,显著提高了接头强度和塑性.     

Control of equiaxed grains in a complicated Cu-Ni based alloy prepared by centrifugal casting

A complicated Cu-Ni based alloy was developed to fabricate wear-resisting bush for high temperature application.The concern focuses on the control of equiaxed grains in the developed alloy ingot prepared by centrifugal casting.The results show that the equiaxed grains are determined by the pouring temperature of the melt,the cooling rate and the rotation speed of the mold.With the decrease in pouring temperature,the fraction of the equiaxed grains in the transverse section of the ingot increases and the average length of columnar grain decreases.When the pouring temperature is confined below 1,250℃,complete equiaxed grains can be obtained.Based on the optimal centrifugal casting processing,the tensile strength of the developed alloy ingot with complete equiaxed grains reaches to 810 MPa and 435 MPa at room temperature and 500℃,respectively,which is 14% and 110% higher than that of common commercial QAl10-4-4 alloy.The wear rate of the developed alloy is 7.0 × 10-8 and 3.8 × 10-7 mm3?N-1?mm-1 at room temperature and 500℃,respectively,which is 5 times and 39 times lower than that of QAl10-4-4 alloy.     

双辊激冷铸造A8006合金的均匀化(英文)

通过SEM、XRD与硬度测定研究均匀化过程对双辊激冷铸造(TRC)与直接冷却铸造(DC)A8006合金的微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着TRC合金微观组织的细化,均匀化后合金中的共晶相进一步细化。DC合金均匀化后其共晶相形态相似于TRC合金中的共晶相形态。均匀化后,合金共晶相中的Fe、Mn元素均匀地扩散到铝基体中,引起合金硬度的降低。TRC合金的成形性能优于均匀化的DC合金,所以,对于TRCA8006合金的后续加工过程可省去均匀化过程。     

Inhomogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties of a 500 mm diameter heavy section semi-continuous cast AZ61 magnesium alloy ingot简

For the large magnesium alloy ingot, there is a considerable difference in cooling rate of different parts in the ingot, which leads to non-uniform distribution of the secondary phases, solute segregation and tensile properties. In the present research, an heavy AZ61 alloy ingot with a diameter of 500 mm was made by semi-continuous casting. The microstructure and mechanical properties at different positions along the radial direction of the large ingot were investigated by using an optical microscope(OM), a scanning electron microscope(SEM), an energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS), and a micro-hardness tester. The results indicate that the microstructure of the AZ61 ingot is non-uniform in different locations. It changes from equiaxed to columnar grains from the center to the edge; the average grain size gradually reduces from 1,005 μm to 763 μm, the secondary dendrite arm spacing reduces from 78 μm to 50 μm, and the Mg17(Al,Zn)12 phase is also refined. The micro-hardness value increases from 55.4 HV at the center to 72.5 HV at the edge of the ingot due to the microstructure differences, and the distribution of micro-hardness at the edge of the ingot is more uniform than that in the center. The tensile properties at room temperature show little difference from the center to the edge of the ingot except that the elongation at the edge is only 3.5%, much lower than that at other areas. The fracture mechanism is ductile fracture at the center and cleavage fracture at the edge of the ingot, and at the 1/2 radius of the ingot, a mixture of ductile and cleavage fracture is present.     

高强铝铜合金MIG焊工艺

研究了单脉冲、电磁搅拌、电磁搅拌和单脉冲复合作用对高强Al-Cu合金MIG焊焊缝组织及性能的影响.结果表明,普通MIG焊焊缝组织几乎由粗大、方向性很强的柱状晶组成,接头抗拉强度仅为286.5 MPa,断后伸长率为2.4%;单脉冲或电磁搅拌均能细化焊缝组织,提高接头力学性能;电磁搅拌和单脉冲复合作用降低了固一液界面前沿液相的温度梯度,增加了非均质形核率,促使柱状晶转变为细小均匀的等轴晶,细化了焊缝组织,显著提高了接头力学性能,接头抗拉强度高达326.0 MPa,断后伸长率为7.8%.     

Al-Cu合金熔炼技术研究

结合生产实际研究连铸连轧生产YL185Al-Cu合金的熔炼工艺.采用w(Cu)=2.5%的Al-Cu中间合金来调配YL185铝合金的化学成分.在熔炼炉内添加Al-B中间合金对铝合金细化晶粒处理,获得细小晶粒的产品,采用电磁搅拌铝合金熔体,其频率越高则产品越容易获得细小晶粒且组织均匀致密.铸造工序在线添加AI.Al-Ti-B丝,有利于Ti在熔体中均匀分布,使Ti在熔体浇铸过程中更能有效地抑制品粒长大,从而更有效地细化品粒.     

Al-Cu合金时效初期的价电子结构

用固体经验电子理论(EET)对Al-Cu合金时效初期的析出相的价电子结构进行计算.计算结果表明:合金基体析出的共格GP区、θ″相,具有比基体更强的共价键络,提升了合金的整体键络强度.从价电子结构层次上解释了时效初期的GP区和θ″相对合金强化作用的内在原因.     

挤压铸造对Al-Cu合金性能的影响

针对Al-Cu系合金，采取不同的成分配比及铸造，挤压铸造两种方法加工的试样进行实验，主要考察了配料成分，加工工艺及热处理工艺对合金力学性能的影响，发现试样在挤压铸造工艺下的组织及塑性较铸造的工件性能好，可提高组织致密性，硬度增加，力学性能得到改善。     

含钪Al-Cu合金的显微组织

采用硬度测试、金相观察、扫描电镜和透射电镜测试及能谱分析的方法,研究了稀土元素Sc含量对Al-4Cu合金组织的影响.结果表明:Sc可显著细化Al-Cu合金的网胞组织,减小枝晶间距,细化合金的晶粒组织,提高合金的显微硬度,提高幅度最约70%;将Sc添加到Al-4Cu合金中,当w(Sc)≈0.3%时,Sc除部分固溶于基体外,大部分与Al形成Al3Sc相,其与基体的共格或半共格界面促进了θ′(CuAl2)的析出;当w(Sc)＞0.3%时,Sc除部分固溶和形成Al3Sc外,还与Al、Cu元素作用形成W(AlCuSc)相,降低Cu在α(Al)中的固溶度,减少Al2Cu(θ′)相的生成,从而降低了合金的性能.     

丝材成分对电弧增材Al-Cu合金组织及力学性能的影响

针对电弧增材制造Al-Cu合金力学性能非均匀问题,采用不同成分的丝材研究了Cu含量及Fe、Si杂质含量对热处理后成形组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Cu含量低(5.3%,质量分数),α(Al)基体中固溶Cu含量不足,成形试样屈服强度显著降低,Cu含量适中(5.8%～6.5%),成形组织中残余少量θ相(Al_2Cu),对塑性影响较小,成形试样强度提高;在Cu含量适中、Si含量较低(ω(Si)0.08%)时,随着Fe含量增加,成形组织中残余的块状或条状α(Fe)相增加,α(Al)基体中固溶Cu含量减少,成形试样屈服强度降低;在Cu含量适中,Fe、Si含量较高时(0.15%),成形试样层间形成的针状β(Fe)相增加,垂直方向塑性显著降低;严格控制丝材中Fe、Si杂质含量(Si少于0.08%,Fe少于0.15%),Cu含量适中(5.8%～6.5%),成形试样无明显各向异性,平均抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率分别超过440 MPa、300 MPa、10%。