蜂胶不同溶剂萃取物组成和抗氧化性的研究

以蜂胶为原料,分别以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、蒸馏水为溶剂进行萃取,测定各萃取物总酚与黄酮类物质的含量,通过测定还原能力,清除DPPH 自由基能力的测定来比较4 种不同萃取物的抗氧化性。结果表明：甲醇萃取物具有较强的抗氧化性。甲醇萃取物浓度为0.25mg/ml 时还原力高达1.162,且浓度为0.05mg/ml 时对DPPH 自由基清除率为64.676%。乙醇萃取物通过石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮依次分级萃取后所得到4 种萃取物各项指标测定结果表明,氯仿萃取了蜂胶乙醇萃取物中主要成分,但乙酸乙酯和丙酮萃取物的还原能力及清除DPPH 自由基清除能力较佳,在浓度为0.05mg/ml 时还原力分别为2.087 和1.798,DPPH自由基清除率达87.724% 和88.013%。     

Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

Abstract: GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p‐cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC₅₀ of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.     

蛇菰提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH·法及Fe3+ 还原力法对蛇菰提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,分别测定蛇菰乙醇提物、石油醚提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、水层部分、水提粗多糖及碱提粗多糖的抗氧化作用,同时以VC 作为阳性对照。结果表明：蛇菰提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,尤其是乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、总醇提取物及水提粗多糖;它们对DPPH·的清除作用与VC 相当,其中乙酸乙酯提取物IC50 值为6.0μg/mL,活性略高于VC,同时以上提取物对Fe3+ 也具有很强的还原能力。     

山奈抗氧化活性部位研究

为筛选具有较优抗氧化活性的山奈抗氧化活性部位,采用80%乙醇溶液超声提取山奈,提取物依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,制备了山奈乙醇提取物和石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水余相5个部位,并分别采用DPPH和ABTS法测试了其抗氧化活性。结果显示:山奈提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,5个部位中,氯仿相抗氧化活性最好,其对ABTS的半清除浓度约为阳性对照V_C的2倍,对DPPH的半清除浓度约为阳性对照V_C的4倍,乙酸乙酯相也具有较好的抗氧化活性,再次是正丁醇相,石油醚相抗氧化活性较差,水余相基本没有抗氧化活性。山奈具有较好的抗氧化活性,抗氧化活性成分主要集中在氯仿相和乙酸乙酯相。     

Improved functionality of soft soybean curd containing Monascus fermented soybean ethanol extract

Monascus fermented soybeans (MFS) were produced by solid state fermentation and ethanol extractions were carried out to recover monacolin K (MK) and isoflavones from the MFS. About 99 and 87% of monacolin K (891 mg/kg) and isoflavones (895 mg/kg) were recovered by 80%(v/v) ethanol extraction. The 80% ethanol extract also showed significantly higher antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) than the other ethanol extracts prepared by either 40 or 60% ethanol. The 80% Monascus fermented soybeans extract (MFSE) also contained significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (2.7 acarbose g equivalents/g MFS). Based on the results, MFSE can be used to enrich bioactive MK and isoflavone aglycones in soft soybean curd products.     

In vitro antioxidant activities of three selected brown seaweeds of India

In vitro antioxidant activities of three selected Indian brown seaweeds – viz., Sargassum marginatum, Padina tetrastomatica and Turbinaria conoides – were investigated. Total phenolic content and reducing power of crude methanolic extract were also investigated. The activity of total methanolic extract and five different fractions (viz., petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous) were studied using total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging and deoxyribose assays. EA fraction of S. marginatum exhibited higher total antioxidant activity of 39.62 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract (or 0.31 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g seaweed on dry weight basis) among the all the fractions. Among the fractions obtained from different seaweeds, EA fraction of S. marginatum showed higher DPPH scavenging activity of 23.16%; while PE fraction of T. conoides exhibited lower deoxyribose activity of 47.81%. Higher phenolic content (49.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract or 0.86 mg GAE/g of seaweed on dry weight basis) was noticed in aqueous fraction of T. conoides. Reducing power of crude methanolic extract increased with increasing concentration. Reducing power of T. conoides and P. tetrastomatica were higher compared to standard antioxidant (α-tocopherol). Among the seaweeds, total methanolic extract of T. conoides had significantly higher phenol content (P < 0.05) compared to the other two species. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from all the three seaweeds showed an increase with increasing concentration indicating the dose dependency of these properties.     

Antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of various extracts from defatted wheat germ

Defatted wheat germ (DWG) is the main by-product of the wheat germ oil extraction process. Its nutritional value has well been accepted. In this study, the antioxidant properties of 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, and aqueous extracts of DWG were measured using various in vitro assays. Among the DWGEs (DWG extracts) tested, the 70% ethanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging power while the 100% ethanol extract showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition, both the 70% ethanol extract and the 50% ethanol extract exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. The extracts in question exhibited total phenolic contents ranging from 13.98 to 16.75 mg GAE/g. DWG, as a source of natural antioxidants, can be used to formulate nutraceuticals with potential applications to reducing the level of oxidative stress. The antioxidant potency of the DWG extracts could be the basis for its health promoting potential.     

不同溶剂提取乳苣的抗氧化作用研究

以乳苣全草为原料,75%乙醇为溶剂提取乳苣,提取液用不同极性溶剂依次萃取,得石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物,同时测定了各相提取物对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力,并与VC进行比较。结果表明:各萃取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,且随着浓度的增加而增强;对羟自由基的清除能力大小依次为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>VC>水萃取物>石油醚萃取物;对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力大小依次为VC>正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>石油醚萃取物>水萃取物;对DPPH自由基清除能力大小依次为VC>乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>水萃取物>石油醚萃取物;各萃取物还原能力大小依次为VC>正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>水萃取物>石油醚萃取物。     

黄花倒水莲不同极性部位抗氧化和降血糖活性研究

探究黄花倒水莲醇提物的不同萃取物的抗氧化和降血糖作用。采用95%乙醇制备黄花倒水莲提取物,通过有机溶剂萃取法对其进行纯化,分别得到石油醚部分、乙酸乙酯部分、正丁醇部分、氯仿部位和水相部分;采用Folin-Ciocalteu法分别测定其多酚含量,采用NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃法分别测定其黄酮含量;通过ABTS法、DPPH法、羟自由基法、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性来评价黄花倒水莲的体外抗氧化、降血糖活性。结果显示,黄花倒水莲醇提物中多酚、黄酮含量丰富,经萃取分段后乙酸乙酯萃取物中多酚含量最高,可达(483.9±0.8)mg/g,石油醚部位黄酮含量最多高达(53.1±0.57)mg/g。黄花倒水莲醇提物及各萃取物均表现出很好的抗氧化能力。ABTS总抗氧能力显示乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性最强,其对羟自由基,DPPH自由基清除率远高于阳性对照V_C,此外其对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较强的抑制活性(IC₅₀=(0.064±0.013)mg/mL),其作用强度远高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC₅₀=(0.867±0.032)mg/mL)。因此,黄花倒水莲各部位均有抗氧化,降血糖作用,乙酸乙酯部位最佳,可能活性成分为多酚类化合物。     

龙牙百合花和甜茶提取物对食用油抗氧化作用的研究

采用无水乙醇、丙酮、无水乙醚从龙牙百合花和甜茶中超声浸提得提取物,将提取物分别添加到食用油中,通过Schaal烘箱法和煎炸性能实验研究龙牙百合花和甜茶提取物对食用油的抗氧化作用。结果表明:无水乙醇甜茶提取物抗氧化效果最好,且优于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT;添加无水乙醇甜茶提取物的煎炸油某些煎炸特性(茴香胺值、酸值、碘值、过氧化值)优于添加BHT和TBHQ的。     

Antioxidant activities of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracts produced by ethanol,hot water,and subcritical water extraction

Onion (Allium cepa L.) peels were extracted by ethanol, hot water and subcritical water (SW) extraction and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. Extraction yields of SW extraction were 4-fold higher than ethanol extraction. However, the ethanol extraction increased the total phenolics contents (327.5 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids contents (183.95 mg QE/g extract) in the onion peel extract. The onion peel extracts by ethanol extraction showed greater DPPH radical scavenging activities and greater antioxidant activities determined by ferric thiocyanate assay than those by hot water extraction and SW extraction at 165°C. Antioxidant activity of onion peel extract by SW extraction at 110°C was similar to that of ethanol extraction. HPLC profiles revealed that SW extraction at lower temperature (110°C) increased the concentration of quercetin. These results demonstrated that the onion peel extracts produced by SW extraction technique have great potential as a source for useful antioxidant.     

Antioxidant activity of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis

Antioxidant activities of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis were determined by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods, using α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as references. The DPPH assay showed that ethanol extract possessed significantly higher activity compared with BHT and petroleum ether extract but lower than that of α-tocopherol. Results from the FTC assay indicated that the activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of α-tocopherol and petroleum ether extract but lower than BHT. Basically, this antioxidant activity was dose-dependent and ethanol extract exhibited higher activity than that of petroleum ether extract at the same concentration. Additionally, the chemical constituents of propolis were determined, and results showed that the propolis contained high content of antioxidant compositions, such as flavonoids (73.00 g kg⁻¹), total phenolic compounds (134.40 g kg⁻¹), and Vitamin E (0.16 g kg⁻¹), which contributed greatly to its strong antioxidant activity.     

广林9号桉叶多酚抗氧化活性研究

采用不同极性有机溶剂对广林9号桉叶提取物进行系统萃取分离,用福林-酚法测定各组分的总酚含量,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2＇-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)、还原能力3种体外抗氧化活性方法测定了桉叶各组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,不同萃取组分中,乙酸乙酯组分总酚含量最高,达到502.67mg/g;其对DPPH自由基和ABTS＋·的清除能力和还原能力也最强,优于阳性对照物茶多酚,其清除两种自由基的IC50分别为0.097mg/mL 和0.034mg/mL;通过总酚含量与抗氧化活性比较发现,其抗氧化活性与总酚含量成正相关,由此判断桉叶提取物的抗氧化活性成分主要为多酚类物质;桉叶粗提物中多酚含量达到30%以上,与茶叶粗提物中多酚含量相当,具有开发意义。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts

The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities, total phenolic compound contents and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol and hot water extracts of Polygonum cognatum Meissn were studied in vitro. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the water extract. However, there were no statistically significant differences among 15 µg ml^?1 extract‐containing samples in linoleic acid emulsion (0.02 M , pH 7.0) during 120 h of incubation (P > 0.05). The reducing power of the water extract was the highest, but its reducing power was markedly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The highest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was found in the water extract, with 50% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 100 µg ml^?1 dried water extract, while at the same concentration of dried ethanol extract the value was 12%. Surprisingly, no DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was observed in the ether extract. The concentrations of phenolic compounds found were 0.48, 0.50 and 0.01 µg ml^?1 gallic acid equivalent in 10 µg ml^?1 water, ethanol and ether extracts respectively. The ether and ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The water extract did not show antimicrobial activity against the studied micro‐organisms. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

紫苏饼粕的残油醇提工艺及品质分析

为提取紫苏饼粕残油,减少有毒有机溶剂残留和污染,同时获得低脂、高蛋白紫苏饼粕,采用95%乙醇浸提法提取紫苏饼粕残油。在单因素试验的基础上,选出最优浸提温度、浸提次数、液固比、浸提时间。通过正交试验优化获得的工艺条件为:浸提温度75℃、浸提次数5次、液固比3.50:1、时间3 h。在该工艺下对紫苏饼粕残油的提取率可达96.04%,紫苏饼粕含油率降至0.51%,蛋白富集率提升至57.90%。对紫苏籽压榨油、紫苏饼粕乙醇浸提油及石油醚浸提油进行理化性质比较,结果表明三种油在酸值、过氧化值、碘值、皂化值方面均符合国家标准,其中石油醚浸提油的酸值和过氧化值较大分别为3.65 KOH/(mg/g)和5.96 mmol/kg,乙醇浸提油次之,低温压榨油较小为3.30 KOH/(mg/g)和5.22 mmol/kg。碘值无显著差异,而浸提油的皂化值要大于低温压榨油。通过气相色谱(GC)分析,乙醇浸提油的亚麻酸相对含量及不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例分别为59.60%和89.31%,略低于低温压榨油的61.09%和90.33%,高于石油醚浸提油的57.29%和86.10%。综合来看乙醇浸提油品质高于石油醚浸提油,略低于低温压榨油。     

短瓣金莲花不同提取部位的抗氧化活性

目的：研究短瓣金莲花的抗氧化活性部位。方法：将短瓣金莲花药材依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、95%乙醇、60%乙醇、30%乙醇和去离子水提取,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对不同溶剂提取部位的黄色素、总黄酮和总酚含量进行分析,并测试各提取部位对羟自由基（•OH）和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基的清除作用以对其抗氧化活性进行研究。结果：短瓣金莲花石油醚提取部位的黄色素含量最高,为（11.37±0.07 ）mg/g;而60%乙醇提取部位总黄酮和总酚含量最高,分别为（213.21±1.12）mg/g和（121.75±0.58） mg/g,95%乙醇提取部位次之,分别为（200.47±0.65）mg/g和（105.19±0.61）mg/g。石油醚提取部位清除•OH能力最强,半抑制浓度（50% inhibiting concentration,IC50）为92.77 mg/L;95%乙醇提取部位清除DPPH自由基能力最强,IC50为10.14 mg/L,60%乙醇提取部位次之,IC50为10.70 mg/L。结论：短瓣金莲花清除•OH能力与黄色素含量呈正相关性,而清除DPPH自由基能力与黄酮和多酚含量呈正相关性;短瓣金莲花的石油醚和95%乙醇提取部位是最佳的抗氧化活性部位,有待进一步深入研究。     

茉莉花茶中茶多酚的提取分离纯化及其抗氧化性能研究

本实验采用溶剂法浸提茉莉花茶中茶多酚,研究发现,相对最优的工艺条件为:温度70℃,乙醇溶液浓度60%,提取次数1次,提取时间60min。在此浸提工艺下提取到茶多酚粗提物后用石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取,得乙酸乙酯相过聚酰胺柱分离纯化,将得到的不同洗脱组分过高效液相色谱检测发现:30%乙醇洗脱组分含表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)最高,60%乙醇洗脱组分中含有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),95%乙醇洗脱组分主要是儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)。继而对不同组分进行抗氧化活性研究得出:60%洗脱组分对油脂的抗氧化活性最高;30%洗脱组分与60%洗脱组分对DPPH自由基50%清除率的浓度分别为0.1723mg/ml、0.1693mg/ml。     

红豆越橘不同溶剂萃取物组成及抗氧化相关性

以矮丛红豆越橘为研究对象,用体积分数95%乙醇提取后,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,评价乙醇粗提取物和不同溶剂萃取物中总酚、总黄酮、总花色苷、齐墩果酸含量及体外抗氧化能力(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS~+·)清除能力)。红豆越橘粗提取物及不同溶剂萃取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物的抗氧化活性较强,乙酸乙酯萃取物具有最好的DPPH自由基清除能力(半抑制浓度(50%inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))为0.27 mg/m L)与ABTS+·清除能力(IC_(50)为0.05 mg/m L)。不同溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性与总黄酮和总酚的含量具有较强的相关性。     

川东獐牙菜中抗氧化成分的提取及活性研究

为了研究川东獐牙菜中的抗氧化活性成分,采用不同的溶剂(乙酸乙酯、70%乙醇和水)对獐牙菜进行提取,利用DPPH法、ABTS法和铁氰化钾还原法对提取物进行抗氧化实验。结果表明3种提取物中,体积分数70%乙醇提取物的还原力、清除DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基能力为最强,水提取物次之,而乙酸乙酯提取物相对较弱,并且随着各提取物浓度的增加,其抗氧化活性也相应增强。各提取物的抗氧化活性与其总酚组成及含量有关。     

全叶青兰提取物抗氧化活性的研究

以全叶青兰经超临界CO2萃取后的萃取物为原料,采用乙醇提取后,根据极性差异经乙醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,对所得提取物的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,3种提取物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基均具有比较强的抗氧化活性。其清除DPPH自由基的能力比较接近,而对羟基自由基的清除能力三者差异较大。其中,乙酸乙酯和乙醚提取物清除羟基自由基的半数清除率要明显小于同等条件下的对照品芦丁和BHT的清除浓度,正丁醇提取物清除DPPH自由基的半数清除率的浓度明显要小于清除羟基自由基的浓度,乙酸乙酯萃取物和乙醚萃取物在两个体系内的差异较小。