基于共同作用模型的ETFE气枕力学性能研究

将ETFE气枕的内充气体假定为势流,联立内充气体波动方程和外部膜材动力方程并引入界面协调条件和边界条件得到气枕系统的共同作用有限元方程;基于该方程建立了ETFE气枕有限元模型并对其进行了形态分析和荷载分析,通过与已有测试结果对比验证了该文数值模型的有效性。此外,通过承载力分析确定了ETFE气枕的破坏模式及失效准则;分别研究了尺寸、矢跨比及膜厚等参数对气枕承载力与内压关系的影响,为气枕结构设计提供量化依据。结果表明:ETFE气枕在风荷载作用下可能出现强度破坏和失稳破坏两种破坏模式;在常见内压范围内,存在一个最优气压使得气枕具有最大承载力;尺寸、矢跨比及膜面厚度等参数变化会显著影响气枕的承载力。     

约束膜式空气弹簧的刚度建模与分析

针对空气弹簧实际刚度与理论值相差较大的问题,建立了约束膜式空气弹簧的改进刚度模型。改进模型兼顾弹性膜弧长变化及其变形引起的腔室体积变化,理论与实验刚度的偏差为9.67%,相比传统模型计算精度提高7.63%。基于改进刚度模型的分析结果表明:大腔室体积、小有效面积、大弹性膜圆弧半径的结构设计,高弧长变化率的材料及高充气压强的工作方式有利于实现低刚度隔振特性。该研究为大承载、低频/超低频约束膜式空气弹簧的结构优化设计与精密加工提供了有效的理论依据。     

热耗散变形下螺旋槽干气密封微尺度气膜流动特性研究

螺旋槽干气密封在高压、高速旋转时内部会产生一定量的热,导致密封环发生热弹变形,从而对密封性能产生影响。首先在速度滑移边界条件下,求出螺旋槽内的气膜压力和气膜速度,然后推导出气膜的无热耗散能量方程及有热耗散能量方程,进而利用气膜的压力、速度和能量方程,通过 Maple 和 Matlab 软件求解槽内气膜的温度分布。然后由热弹变形理论,求解出密封环的变形量,获得螺旋槽内气膜厚度的解析式。最后利用广义雷诺方程求出理论泄漏量,并与泄漏量的实验值进行比较。研究结果表明:随着气体从外径流入内径,槽内温度的分布规律是先升高后降低,槽根部周围温度较高;热弹变形量与温度变化的规律一致,而气膜厚度的变化趋势与之相反;干气密封中的泄漏量随变形量增大而增大,考虑热耗散有变形的泄漏量更接近于实验值。     

SMA滑动摩擦阻尼器的数值模拟及参数分析

该文将超弹性形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)螺栓和摩擦斜面结合,提出一种SMA滑动摩擦阻尼器(SMA slip friction damper,SMASFD)。介绍了SMASFD的基本构造和工作原理,给出描述滞回行为的理论公式,开展了概念验证试验,建立了三维实体单元有限元模型。试验数据和分析结果均表明,采用合理设计的斜面倾角和摩擦系数,阻尼器可展示出“旗帜形”滞回曲线,拥有良好的耗能能力和优越的自复位能力,并且理论公式和模拟结果均与试验数据吻合良好。基于已经验证的有限元模型,建立了6个额外的有限元模型进行参数分析,关键参数包括斜面倾角、摩擦系数和SMA螺栓的预紧力。参数分析结果表明：阻尼器的非线性变形集中于SMA螺栓内,其他部件保持弹性;增大斜面倾角可提高阻尼器的强度、割线刚度和耗能能力;当接触面间的摩擦系数较大时,阻尼器的耗能能力得到提高,但是超过上限值会导致阻尼器无法自复位;对SMA螺栓施加预紧力可提高阻尼器的初始刚度和割线刚度,但是会降低阻尼器的最大变形能力。     

预压对蜂窝纸板缓冲性能的影响

通过压缩试验,研究了预压缩之后蜂窝纸板二次加载时的缓冲性能,并与首次加载时的缓冲性能进行对比分析,结果表明蜂窝纸板预压之后二次加载时没有首次加载时的峰值,直接进入屈服平台,其弹性阶段刚度小于首次加载,缓冲性能优于未预压的蜂窝纸板.     

大扁平比胎侧解析刚度建模及轮胎动力学分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对重载轮胎大扁平比结构建模问题,从动力学建模、实验模态分析、结构参数辨识等方面,基于解析弹性基础的欧拉梁模型,对重载轮胎的柔性胎体和大扁平比胎侧曲梁的低频动力学特性开展研究,建立了考虑充气预紧力的欧拉梁胎体模型,利用实验模态方法,探究了不同充气压力下的柔性胎体振动特性;考虑胎侧曲梁预紧力弦效应和结构弯曲效应,建立了大扁平比胎侧曲梁解析刚度模型;基于模态测试结果,进行柔性胎体与解析胎侧结构参数辨识。研究结果表明:在0~180 Hz频率范围内,重载轮胎以结构周向弯曲振动为主,可利用基于弹性基础的柔性梁模型表征;大扁平比胎侧曲梁的解析刚度与胎侧的几何、结构和充气压力参数直接相关;轮胎充气压力影响柔性胎体梁的轴向预紧力和胎侧的弦刚度,进而影响轮胎弯曲振动特性。     

The vibration analysis model of pipeline under the action of gas pressure pulsation coupling

Pipeline vibration is the main factor that makes pipeline system can't work properly. And the pressure pulsation of the air flow is one of the important factors, which causes the gas pipeline vibration. In order to further understand the influence of the pressure pulsation on the pipeline system vibration, the analysis model and calculation method of the pressure pulsation and pipe coupling interaction are established. Taking transferring matrix method to calculate the natural frequency of gas column, and using the stiffness matrix method to obtain the pressure pulsation. According to the interaction force between the pressure pulsation and the pipeline wall, the equation of forced vibration of pipeline is established, which can obtain the variation trends of vibration displacement and velocity of pipeline system. Using field test data to verify the theoretical calculation results, the results of the calculated values and test values are within error limits. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the safety evaluation of oil and gas pipeline, and provide a reference for the pipeline mechanical properties research.     

缓冲空气垫静态刚度研究

以柱状空气垫为研究对象,在几何压缩模型的基础上,基于准静态压缩中空气垫内气体变化为等温过程,建立了气垫静态刚度与气垫内初始相对内压、压缩变形量关系的理论模型;取规格不同、初始内压相近及规格相同、初始内压不同的空气垫,通过准静态压缩试验,得到了静态刚度并与理论值进行了比较。研究表明,当压缩量较小时,理论模型对空气垫静态刚度的预测较为准确。     

弹性圆环冲击弹性柱的碰撞回弹行为研究

目的研究弹性薄壁圆环低速冲击理想弹性柱的碰撞回弹行为。方法实验方面,使用高速数码显微系统记录铜环冲击3种不同橡胶柱的碰撞相互作用的全过程。理论方面,应用模态叠加法和拉格朗日方程法导出圆环约束运动阶段和自由运动阶段的运动控制方程,并建立2组方程间的迭代关系,据此描述碰撞相互作用的全过程。结果碰撞次数随着刚度比的增大而增加,无量纲回弹时间和恢复系数随着刚度比的增大而减小。多次碰撞的临界刚度比随着圆环厚径比的增大而增大。结论理论方法成功预测了弹性薄壁圆环低速冲击理想弹性柱的碰撞回弹行为,可为防撞结构的几何与材料参数选择,以及实验模态分析中的锤头选择提供理论指导。     

基于二阶理论的弹性约束变截面悬臂梁刚度与稳定性分析

从计入二阶效应的挠曲微分方程出发,对惯性矩沿轴向二次变化的变截面Bernoulli-Euler梁在弹性约束下的刚度和稳定性进行了分析,推导了在弹性约束下变截面悬臂梁在复合载荷作用下的挠度和稳定性的精确表达式,给出轴向压力引起的挠度影响系数。在极端情况下,该文公式可相应退化为根部固支的变截面梁及等截面梁之刚度与稳定表达式。将该文的计算结果与用ANSYS软件密分单元的计算结果进行分析比较,分析比较结果验证了该文推导的刚度和稳定性表达式的正确性,该文方法可广泛应用于弹性约束下变截面悬臂梁的刚度和稳定性分析。     

温度影响下Winkler-Pasternak弹性地基上多孔FGM矩形板的自由振动分析

基于经典薄板理论和Hamilton原理研究温度影响下Winkler-Pasternak弹性地基上多孔功能梯度材料(FGM)矩形板的自由振动特性。采用Voigt混合幂率模型和孔隙任意分布模型来表征多孔FGM矩形板的材料属性,并考虑多孔FGM矩形板内部均匀温升和材料具有温度依赖特性;应用物理中面推导弹性地基上多孔FGM矩形板自由振动的控制微分方程并进行无量纲化;采用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程及其边界条件进行变换,引入典型的六种边界在MATLAB统一编程且保证计算精度一致,经过迭代收敛,求解出无量纲固有频率;通过算例研究了边界条件、梯度指数、升温、孔隙率、长宽比、边厚比、无量纲弹性刚度系数和无量纲剪切刚度系数对多孔FGM矩形板振动特性的影响。     

弹性支撑旋转Timoshenko梁动力学特性

为研究弹性支撑旋转梁动力学特性随转速及弹性支撑参数变化规律,考虑剪切效应、转动惯量和陀螺效应,采用Hamilton原理推导旋转Timoshenko梁动力学方程,应用Chebyshev谱方法获得系统涡动频率与模态振型数值解。结果表明,在高速转动状态下陀螺效应、支撑结构刚度对Timoshenko梁动力学特性有显著影响;各阶固有频率随着转速增加而分成正向涡动频率与反向涡动频率,高阶频率变化幅度更大;涡动频率随支撑结构直线刚度增加而呈阶梯状变化,当直线刚度增加到一定值后系统涡动频率将保持稳定;随着支撑结构转动刚度增加,涡动频率出现一个最小值与最大值,前者低于自由边界条件下频率值,后者高于固定边界条件下频率值。相关结果可用于各类旋转梁机构的设计与优化。     

Stress intensity factors in a reinforced thick-walled cylinder

In this paper an elastic thick-walled cylinder containing a radial crack is considered. It is assumed that the cylinder is reinforced by an elastic membrane on its inner surface. The model is intended to simulate pressure vessels with cladding. The formulation of the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation. Various special cases including that of a crack terminating at the cylinder-reinforcement interface are investigated and numerical examples are given. Among the interesting results found one may mention the following: In the case of the crack touching the interface the crack surface displacement derivative is finite and consequently the stress state around the corresponding crack tip is bounded, and generally, for realistic values of the stiffness parameter, the effect of the reinforcement is not very significant.     

Membrane analogy of the Stevens-Tiersten equation for essentially thickness modes in plate quartz resonators

We show that the well-known Stevens-Tiersten equation for essentially thickness modes in doubly rotated quartz resonators is mathematically analogous to the equation governing the transverse motion of a pre-stretched elastic membrane resting on an elastic foundation. The implication of this analogy is that commercial finite element software for structural analysis can be used to solve the Stevens-Tiersten equation for resonators.     

冻融条件下公路桥梁板式氯丁橡胶支座抗剪试验

公路桥梁橡胶支座比建筑橡胶支座更容易受到气候的影响,为了研究公路桥梁板式氯丁橡胶支座在受到气候影响时的各项抗剪性能指标变化情况,采用标准冻融试验箱模拟低温气候变化,对氯丁橡胶支座进行冻融循环处理25、50、75、100次,并对其进行抗剪试验,采用与标准试件进行对比分析的方法,研究冻融循环对氯丁橡胶支座的抗剪承载力、抗剪强度、水平等效刚度、抗剪弹性模量的影响。结果表明,氯丁橡胶支座在冻融循环处理条件下比标准试件更易发生破坏,且钢板外露、裂缝等破坏现象更严重。氯丁橡胶支座的抗剪承载力、抗剪强度、水平等效刚度、抗剪弹性模量都随冻融程度的加深而降低。采用最小二乘法对其抗剪强度和抗剪弹性模量变化进行分析并给出衰减曲线和衰减函数,抗剪强度和抗剪弹性模量的变化趋势基本符合幂函数规律。     

Effect of couple stresses on static and dynamic characteristics of MHD wide tapered land slider bearing

This paper presents an analytical study on the effect of couple stress on static and dynamic characteristics of wide tapered land slider bearing in the presence of applied magnetic field. A non-dimensional modified Reynolds equation is derived for the bearing under consideration. Closed-form expressions for the steady fluid film pressure, steady load carrying capacity and dynamic characteristics, viz., dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping coefficients are obtained. Numerical computations of the results revealed that magnetohydrodynamics tapered land slider bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid provides higher steady load carrying capacity, dynamic stiffness coefficient and dynamic damping coefficient as compared with the corresponding Newtonian case. It is observed that the presence of applied magnetic field characterized by the Hartmann number in the couple stress lubrication of tapered land slider bearing provides the improved static and dynamic characteristics as compared with the non-magnetic case.     

负压钻井液振动筛气液喷射器性能的数值模拟研究

随着石油钻井技术的发展,传统钻井液振动筛不能满足现有工程需求,因此提出了一种新型负压钻井液振动筛。气液喷射器是负压钻井液振动筛的核心设备,通过它在筛网下方形成负压区域,使钻井液受振动和负压的复合作用,增大钻井液透过筛网的能力,因此其性能直接影响负压振动筛的处理效率。为了提高负压振动筛的工作效率,需要对气液喷射器的结构和工况进行合理设计。运用流体动量守恒方程,推导出恒定流动状态下气液喷射器混合室的动量方程及其性能计算方程。运用计算流体力学方法对气液喷射器内部复杂的两相流动过程进行数值模拟,并通过对比数值模拟结果与理论计算结果来验证数值模型的合理性。对不同引射流体液体体积分数、工作气体压力、喷嘴距和喷管面积比下气液喷射器的喷射效果进行数值模拟,结果表明气液喷射器的工作参数和结构参数对其喷射系数和真空度有极大的影响。根据模拟结果可知,在引射液体体积分数为30%、工作气体压力为300 kPa、喷嘴距为60 mm、喷管面积比为3.484的情况下,气液喷射器的性能达到最佳。研究结果为负压钻井液振动筛中气液喷射装置的设计和现场应用提供了理论依据。     

The indentation of pressurized elastic shells: from polymeric capsules to yeast cells

Pressurized elastic capsules arise at scales ranging from the 10 m diameter pressure vessels used to store propane at oil refineries to the microscopic polymeric capsules that may be used in drug delivery. Nature also makes extensive use of pressurized elastic capsules: plant cells, bacteria and fungi have stiff walls, which are subject to an internal turgor pressure. Here, we present theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations of the indentation of a linearly elastic shell subject to a constant internal pressure. We show that, unlike unpressurized shells, the relationship between force and displacement demonstrates two linear regimes. We determine analytical expressions for the effective stiffness in each of these regimes in terms of the material properties of the shell and the pressure difference. As a consequence, a single indentation experiment over a range of displacements may be used as a simple assay to determine both the internal pressure and elastic properties of capsules. Our results are relevant for determining the internal pressure in bacterial, fungal or plant cells. As an illustration of this, we apply our results to recent measurements of the stiffness of baker''s yeast and infer from these experiments that the internal osmotic pressure of yeast cells may be regulated in response to changes in the osmotic pressure of the external medium.     

三层组合式高承载缓冲垫力学性能研究

目的 为提高大型低速风洞建设过程中移动设备支撑缓冲垫的承载和隔振能力,对新型弹性材料Fabreeka Pad以及由其与钢和减摩材料粘接组合的三层式缓冲垫的力学性能进行研究。方法 对该材料和缓冲垫样件进行静态压缩和剪切试验,获得应力-变形曲线和能承受的最大剪切力;对缓冲垫样件进行静摩擦试验,得到其减摩层与不锈钢板间的静摩擦因数。结果 该材料和缓冲垫的应力-变形曲线均具有明显的非线性特征,同时将加载载荷下缓冲垫的变形量设计在1.1 mm内;剪切破坏未发生在粘结缝处,且缓冲垫能承受的最大剪切力为2.7 kN;减摩层与表面粗糙度为12.75的钢板间的静摩擦因数为0.141,且其不随加载速度的变化而出现较大波动。结论 三层式缓冲垫具有优良的隔振和竖向承载能力,抗剪能力强,且静摩擦因数小,能满足设备的移动要求,可应用于大、中型设备可移动支撑的减振设计。     

On the performance of narrow porous journal bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid

Summary In the present analysis an attempt has been made to study the performance characteristics of a narrow porous journal bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid. A modified form of Reynolds equation is derived for the lubrication of porous journal bearings with couple stress fluid as lubricant. The analysis takes into account the velocity slip at the surface of a porous medium by using Beavers-Joseph criterion. The governing equation for flow in the porous media and the modified Reynolds equation derived from the Stokes [1] constistutive equations for the couple stress fluid satisfying the velocity slip boundary condition, are solved analytically for the film pressure distribution. Eigen type of expansions for the field variations are obtained. The dimensionless load capacity, attitude angle and coefficient of friction are presented for different operating parameters. The effect of couple stress and velocity slip on the dynamic characteristics of narrow porous journal bearings are discussed. It is observed that the bearings with couple stress fluid as lubricant provide significant load carrying capacity and ensure considerable reduction in the coefficient of friction compared with viscous lubricants.