氯化法生产四氯化钛中泥浆的回收处理

用机械合金化工艺制备了Ａｌ－１２Ｔｉ－６Ｎｂ合金，对其物相组成和显微组织进行了ＸＲＤ、电子探针和金相分析与观察，测试了其室温力学性能，并用ＳＥＭ观察了断口形貌，结果表明：ＭＡ Ａｌ－１２Ｔｉ－６Ｎｂ合金中生成了粗细不均的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ金属间化合物粒子，但未形成Ａｌ３Ｎｂ；在较大的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ颗粒和Ｎｂ趋向于平行热压面分布。Ｎｂ的加入使合金较好地发挥了大个Ａｌ３Ｔｉ和盘状Ｎｂ颗粒的协同补强增韧作用，三点弯     

复相Al3Ti—8Mn基合金的显微组织

在Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－８Ｍｎ四元系邻近Ｌ１２型Ａｌ３Ｔｉ－８Ｍｎ成份区合金中,随Ｎｂ含量变化,其显微组织发生明显变化。通过对不同合金的微观组织的考察,进一步确认了在Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２５基金中加Ｎｂ并相应调整Ａｌ和Ｔｉ含量可形成ＤＯ２２型Ａｌ３（Ｔｉ,Ｎｂ）,Ｌ１０型ＴｉＡｌ和Ｇａ２Ｈｆ型Ａｌ２Ｔｉ３种类型的第二相。本文列举了Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８ｔＩ２３Ｎｂ２,Ａｌ６５Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２６－５Ｎｂ０．５,Ａｌ５     

Ti3Al基合金中α2／α3＋β相界的计算与测定

对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｍｏ－Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ－Ｖ，ＴＩ３Ａｌ－Ｚｒ－Ｖ三个赝三元合金系的实验结果表明，α２／α２＋β相界遵守电子浓度规律，且合金元素的电子数由它们的电子结构决定，过渡族Ｔｉ，Ｔｉ，Ｚｒ，Ｖ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｂ的价电子为ｓ＋ｄ电子，即ＮＴｉ＝ＮＺｒ＝４（ｓ＾２ｄ＾２），Ｎｖ＝５（ｓ＾２ｄ＾３），ＮＮｂ＝５（ｓ＾１ｄ＾４）ＮＭｏ＝６（ｓ＾１ｄ＾５）；非过渡族元素Ａｌ的价电子为ｓ＋ｐ电子，即ＮＡｌ     

氢化Ti—25Al—10Nb—3V—1Mo铸态合金的热压缩行为及其显微组织

利用等温热压缩方法在９００－１０００℃范围内，研究了氢化对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基的Ｔｉ－２５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－１Ｍｏ合金热变形行为的影响，并分析了显微组织的变化。氢为０．２％的试样可使峰值流变应力比未氢化试样降低３７％－４５％，即相当于降低热压缩温度约５０℃，氢化促进合金的α２相动态再结晶，球化及β相的动态回复。     

Ti—Ni—Nb三元系相图700℃等温截面

应用多元扩散偶－电子探针微区成分分析技术，测定了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ三元系相图７００℃等温截面，确定了该三元系相图的７００℃等温截面的１２个单相区，２３个两相区和１０个三相区。１２个单相区是：α－Ｔｉ、β－（Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ）、Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ、ＴｉＮｉ、ＴｉＮｉ３、（Ｎｉ）、Ｎｉ３Ｎｂ、Ｎｉ６Ｎｂ７、ＸＡ、ＸＢ、ＸＣ和ＸＤ，其中ＸＢ化合物为首次发现。     

锰对Ti—45Al—10Nb合金的组织和性能的影响

研究了Ｍｎ对Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ（原子分数）合金铸态组织和１１００℃再结晶组织的影响以及Ｍｎ对于Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ合金力学性能的影响。结果表明，Ｍｎ能促进Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ合金的再结晶过程，并改善合金的力学性能。     

Ti－Al系金属间化合物的高温热腐蚀

研究了Ｔｉ３ＡＬ，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ及ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００℃及９５０℃空气中当表面有（０．９Ｎａ，０．１Ｋ）２ＳＯ４盐膜存在时的高温热腐蚀行为．结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ，ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００、９５０℃遭受严重的热腐蚀．合金表面均没有形成单一的Ａ１２Ｏ３保护层，而是形成外层为富ＴｉＯ２层，内层为ＴｉＯ２、Ａ１２Ｏ３或Ｎｂ２Ｏ５的混合氧化物层，在氧化膜／合金基体界面形成一些硫化物．合金的腐蚀以电化学机制进行．硫化物的形成也促进了电化学反应的阳极过程．向Ｔｉ３Ａｌ中添加Ｎｂ可以显著地改善其热腐蚀性能，这归因于Ｎｂ促进富Ａｌ氧化物内层的形成．ＴｉＡｌ的耐蚀性能优于Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金．     

基体组织对TiB颗粒增强Ti3Al—Nb基复合材料高周疲劳强度的影响

在颗粒强化复合材料中,强化颗粒的数量、形状、分散形状及基体的组织对复合材料的机械性能有很大影响．Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ／ＴｉＢ复合材料有望用于汽车发动机等有高周疲劳问题的部位,因此要求高周疲劳强度高,并且一致性好．实践证明,细化金属组织对改善高周疲劳强度非常有效．日本金属材料技术研究所的江村等人对元素粉末法制备的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ／ＴｉＢ复合材料的热处理细化进行了研究,并且探讨了组织细化的控制机制及基体组织对材料机械性能的影响． 基体Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ的化学组成为Ｔｉ－１４％Ａｌ－２１％Ｎｂ,组织为α２和…     

Ti＿3Al基合金中α_2／α_2＋β相界的计算与测定

对Ｔｉ_３－Ｍｏ－Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ－Ｖ，Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｚｒ－Ｖ三个赝三无合金系的实验结果表明，α_２／α_２＋β相界遵守电子浓度规律，且合金元素的价电子数由它们的电子结构决定过渡族元素Ｔｉ，Ｚｒ．Ｖ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｂ的价电子为ｓ＋ｄ电子。即Ｎ_（Ｔｉ）＝Ｎ_（Ｚｒ）＝４（ｓ~２ｄ~２），Ｎ_ｖ＝５（ｓ~２ｄ~３），Ｎ_（Ｎｂ）＝５（ｓ~１ｄ~４），Ｎ_（Ｍｏ）＝６（ｓ~１ｄ~５）、非过渡族元素Ａｌ的价电子为ｓ＋ｐ电子，即Ｎ_（Ａｌ）＝３（ｓ~２ｐ~１）α_２相的计算模型为Ｎ＝ΣＮ_ｉｆ_ｉ，α_２／α_２＋β相界的特征电子浓度值为Ｎ_ｃ＝ΣＮ_ｉｆ_ｉ＝３．７８７．     

Ti—24Al—11Nb—3V—1Mo合金热稳定性研究

研究了Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－１Ｍｏ合金在６５０－７５０℃不同时间暴露后的热稳定性。结果表明：合金的弯曲强度σｂｂ及挠度ｆ随暴露温度的升高及时间的延长而连续下降；在真空相同条件下暴露，σｂｂ和ｆ稍有下降。其主要原因是合金在空气中暴露后除表面生成ＴｉＯ２外，还形成富氧脆性层。长期热暴露后其显微组织发生变化，即形成“Ｏ“相，但它不是合金性能下降的主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。