BNi—2氩弧钎焊条的成型工艺

ＢＮｉ－２合金是一种脆性材料,不能采用常规冷热加工方法获得丝条状产品,本研究介绍了用真空吸铸工艺解决该合金焊条的生产难题。通过大量工艺试验,合理地确定了真空吸铸的重要参数,如吸铸温度,吸铸真空度,模具预热温度,模具规格等对吸铸条长度的影响。     

合金元素对Zr—Nb合金耐蚀性能的影响

研究了Ｓｎ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ,Ｍｏ,Ｂｉ和Ｔｅ等合金元素对Ｚｒ－Ｎｂ合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在３６０℃水腐蚀试验中,Ｂｉ有较好的作用。在４００℃蒸汽中试验,Ｂｉ和Ｎｉ有较好的作用,其它元素作用不明显。在５００℃高温蒸汽中,仍是Ｂｉ和Ｎｉ有较好的作用。所有合金经５００℃,２００ｈ腐蚀后均未出现疖状腐蚀现象。ＴＥＭ分析表明,腐蚀氧化膜主要是由单斜型（ＺｒＯ２）Ｍ微晶组成,晶粒内存在孪晶亚结构。     

真空吸铸设备的发展与展望

综述了国内外真空吸铸工艺以及真空吸铸设备的发展状况,描述了各种真空吸铸设备的结构和原理。重点介绍了美国Hitchiner公司开发的CLA法、CPV法、CV法、C3法等反重力真空吸铸工艺及其设备。展望了真空吸铸设备的发展趋势。     

Ni—B4C复合镀层的氩气保护预热处理

经过氩气保护预热处理，Ｎｉ－Ｂ４Ｃ复合镀层在８００℃下抗高温氧化的能力较未经预热处理的镀层强。预热处理可使镀层Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒发生分解，并促使Ｂ元素向镀层表面扩散，生成富集于镀层外侧的新相Ｎｉ３Ｂ，并呈“岛状”分布。在高温氧化过程中，新相Ｎｉ３Ｂ优先转化为Ｎｉ３Ｂ２Ｏ６。未经预热处理的镀层，表面氧化膜则为ＮｉＯ和Ｎｉ３Ｂ２Ｏ６的多相结构。均相的Ｎｉ３Ｂ２Ｏ６氧化膜要比多相的ＮｉＯ和Ｎｉ３Ｂ２Ｏ６的致密性     

Ni3Al（B）系金属间化合物在Li2CO3—K2CO3熔盐中的腐蚀电化…

研究了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）系金属间化合物在６５０℃Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３－Ｋ２ＣＯ３熔盐中的腐蚀电化学行为，发现阳极极化曲线具有活化－钝化－过钝化特征；（γ＋γ’）双相Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ基合金由于有Г相「Ｎｉ（Ｍ）」存在其极化曲线出现有类似于Ｎｉ所出现的准钝地区。     

薄壁铸件真空吸铸技术的发展与展望

对真空吸铸技术原理和工艺特点进行了介绍,综述了薄壁铸件真空吸铸技术的研究现状,对几种不同真空吸铸技术的工艺原理、特点及应用进行了阐述,并对它们的特性和适用性作了比较,最后展望了真空吸铸技术的发展趋势.     

机械合金化制备NiAl—TiC复合材料的组织和力学性能

研究了反应球磨方法制备的ＮｉＡｌ－ＴｉＣ复合材料的组织和力学性能。结果表明,强化相呈两态分布。１０００℃长期退火对材料的组织和显微硬度影响不大。ＮｉＡｌ－ＴｉＣ复合材料的强度远高于铸态ＮｉＡｌ的强度,也比ＸＤ ＮｉＡｌ－ＴｉＢ２复合材料的强度高。高温热等静压后,该复合材料的室温和高温屈服强度都明显下降。材料的高温强度依赖于应变速率,变形受扩散机制控制。     

Ti—Ni—Nb三元系相图700℃等温截面

应用多元扩散偶－电子探针微区成分分析技术，测定了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ三元系相图７００℃等温截面，确定了该三元系相图的７００℃等温截面的１２个单相区，２３个两相区和１０个三相区。１２个单相区是：α－Ｔｉ、β－（Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ）、Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ、ＴｉＮｉ、ＴｉＮｉ３、（Ｎｉ）、Ｎｉ３Ｎｂ、Ｎｉ６Ｎｂ７、ＸＡ、ＸＢ、ＸＣ和ＸＤ，其中ＸＢ化合物为首次发现。     

Ni对C—B4C—SiC复合材料显微结构与性能的影响

本文研究了烧结助剂Ｎｉ对Ｃ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料显微结构与性能的影响。Ｘ射线衍射表明Ｎｉ在烧结温度下与ＳｉＣ、Ｂ４Ｃ发生反应在晶界生成Ｎｉ４．６Ｓｉ２Ｂ，并产生液相，有效地促进了Ｃ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的烧结，抑制了晶粒的长大，使复合材料密度与强度大幅度地增加，电阻率下降；同时Ｎｉ４．６Ｓｉ２Ｂ在氧化时生成致密的２ＮｉＯ．Ｂ２Ｏ３，包裹了易氧化的Ｂ４Ｃ和Ｃ，有效地防止了复合材料的氧化，从而大大     

Ti－Ni－Nb三元系相图700℃等温截面

应用多元扩散偶－电子探针微区成分分析技术，测定了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ三元系相图７００℃等温截面，确定了该三元系相图的７００℃等温截面的１２个单相区、２３个两相区和１０个三相区。１２个单相区是：α－Ｔｉ、β－（Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ）、Ｔｉ_２Ｎｉ、ＴｉＮｉ、ＴｉＮｉ_３、（Ｎｉ）、Ｎｉ_３Ｎｂ、Ｎｉ_６Ｎｂ_７、Ｘ_Ａ、Ｘ_Ｂ、Ｘ_Ｃ和Ｘ_Ｄ，其中Ｘ_Ｂ化合物为首次发现。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。