限制过电压条件下的光伏发电并网设计

大规模发展分布式光伏发电有助于缓解能源危机,但随着分布式光伏发电的大规模接入,将对配电系统产生较大影响.阐述了光伏发电并网系统结构,结合分布式光伏发电特点和电网工程实际,设计出限制过电压条件下的光伏发电并网方案,提出光伏发电系统并网后直流与谐波分量的治理措施.实际运行表明,所设计的分布式光伏发电并网方案既能够保证接入点电压不越限,又能够有效减少占用线路走廊资源和电网调度、运行维护工作量.     

光伏电站输出功率影响因素分析

光伏发电系统的发电量取决于太阳辐照强度和温度等因素,其输出功率的变化具有间歇性和不可控性,大规模的光伏并网应用将对大电网的稳定运行造成冲击。光储联合应用将有助于降低光伏电源的负面影响,为了协调配置光伏系统与储能系统,需要深入了解光伏发电系统的输出特性。首先分析了大规模光伏发电系统并网应用对电网带来的影响,进而介绍了光伏发电原理和影响光伏组件输出的因素;然后依托某100 kWp光伏电站的实际历史运行数据,基于统计学方法,从气象因素如日类型、太阳辐射强度和温度等影响光伏出力的角度,对光伏发电系统的输出特性作了定性、定量的分析,从而归纳了光伏输出特性,最后据此提出了光伏电站输出功率的评价指标。     

与景观结合的奥运森林公园并网光伏发电系统

并网光伏发电系统与奥运森林公园景观相结合,体现了"绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运"三大理念,是清洁能源技术在奥运会中的应用。并网光伏发电系统设计中采用了MPPT技术、防孤岛效应技术、逆功率反送保护技术和完善的并网光伏发电系统监控技术,提高了并网光伏发电系统运行的可靠性和电网的安全性。奥运期间奥运区域供电等级提升为特级,为满足供电可靠性,示范电站采用带功率流向检测的并网模式,当并网光伏发电系统的有功功率超过指定负载的有功功率时,切断并网光伏发电系统,防止电能馈入电网。     

光伏发电系统建模及运行特性仿真研究

随着并网光伏发电装机规模的快速扩张,光伏发电大规模接入电网后运行特性的分析研究已成为当下光伏发电相关核心课题之一,而光伏发电系统建模是理论课题研究最为关键的一个环节。文章结合目前国内大中型光伏电站关键部件应用现状建立了光伏发电系统仿真模型,基于PSASP软件仿真分析了光伏发电的正常运行和故障运行特性,同时验证了模型的有效性。     

计及光伏出力随机性的电网运行风险评估

针对光伏发电输出功率具有随机性、可能带来电网运行风险的问题,利用蒙特卡洛模拟法对太阳光辐照度分布区间进行模拟,建立了光伏随机输出模型,对整个系统的设备及光伏电源出力进行随机抽样;结合风险理论,对并网光伏系统随机出力情况下电网的运行风险指标进行了计算。以IEEE-RTS79系统为例,分析了不同光伏并网点和不同并网容量对电网运行风险的影响。结果表明,在负荷较重区域增设光伏并网,可以有效地降低电网运行风险。因此,选择适当的光伏并网点和容量可以降低电网运行风险。     

光伏发电并网大电网面临的问题与对策分析

随着社会的发展,绿色能源逐渐成为我们生活必不可少的新能源,极大地促进了我国光伏发电技术的发展。先进的光伏发电系统可以提供给人们绿色的电能,但是光伏发电并网大电网在实际应用发展过程中,还有很多问题存在,比如雷击的影响、对大电网运行的影响、控制电网运行方式改变和新型配电系统的规划等等。所以文中主要是对这些问题提出解决措施,合理地、科学地帮助光伏发电技术更好的发展,促进我国光伏发电技术走在世界的前列。     

光伏发电系统输出功率计算方法研究

准确计算光伏发电系统的输出功率,对光伏发电系统发电量的监管和光伏并网系统与电网调度、电力负荷等的配合问题具有重大意义。根据光伏发电系统的结构和工作原理,提出了光伏发电系统输出功率计算方法,可以计算任意太阳辐射量、环境温度、系统结构下的光伏发电系统输出功率。通过与真实光伏电站运行数据的比对,结果显示了光伏发电系统输出功率计算方法的适用性与准确性。     

龙羊峡水电站水光互补优化调度研究

针对光伏发电大规模并网后水电站如何运行才能有效减小光电不稳定出力对电网造成的影响问题,建立了光伏发电出力预测模型及龙羊峡水光互补短期优化调度模型,采用改进的逐步优化算法对模型进行求解,设置了6种情景分析水光互补效果。结果表明,汛期或非汛期调度期内的龙羊峡水库水位在相应时段允许范围内,优化后的水光互补系统均不存在弃水仅产生少量的弃光。研究成果为光伏大规模并网后的水光互补短期优化调度方式提供了参考依据。     

一种新型光伏发电主动参与电网频率调节控制策略

大规模光伏发电并网挤占了具有转动惯量的同步发电机组空间,导致电力系统面临惯量减小与调频能力不足的问题,迫切需求光伏发电主动参与电网频率调节。文章以双级式光伏发电为研究对象,从光伏发电的惯量控制和与同步发电机组协调控制两个方面出发,通过改进Boost变换器和网侧逆变器的控制策略,实现光伏发电主动参与电网频率调节。其中,在惯量控制方面,提出基于高压直流电容动态的虚拟惯量控制,并分析控制参数对虚拟惯量控制的影响。最后,基于时域仿真算例验证了控制策略的有效性。     

并网光伏发电系统综述(上)

一并网光伏系统优越性和国外发展概况 并网光伏系统就是光伏发电系统与常规电网相联,共同承担供电任务.光伏发电进入大规模商业化应用的必由之路,就是将光伏系统接入常规电网,并网发电.目前并网光伏系统的年安装容量已占到世界光伏电池年产量的70%以上,发展迅猛.     

大规模光伏发电接入对直流输电系统的影响研究

直流输电系统是实现高电压、大容量、远距离送电和区域电网互联的一个重要技术手段,对于大规模新能源发电的跨区域消纳具有重要的作用。以大规模光伏发电发电接入西北某电网为对象,建立光伏电站模型,分析光伏电站不同运行方式及电网扰动情况下对直流系统的影响,并提出为保证大规模光伏发电接入后直流系统稳定运行的措施与建议。     

Optimal operation of DC smart house system by controllable loads based on smart grid topology

From the perspective of global warming mitigation and depletion of energy resources, renewable energy such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic generation (PV) are getting attention in distribution systems. Additionally, all-electric apartment houses or residence such as DC smart houses are increasing. However, due to the fluctuating power from renewable energy sources and loads, supply-demand balancing of power system becomes problematic. Smart grid is a solution to this problem. This paper presents a methodology for optimal operation of a smart grid to minimize the interconnection point power flow fluctuation. To achieve the proposed optimal operation, we use distributed controllable loads such as battery and heat pump. By minimizing the interconnection point power flow fluctuation, it is possible to reduce the electric power consumption and the cost of electricity. This system consists of photovoltaic generator, heat pump, battery, solar collector, and load. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, results are used in simulation presented.     

Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems—A review

Traditional electric power systems are designed in large part to utilize large baseload power plants, with limited ability to rapidly ramp output or reduce output below a certain level. The increase in demand variability created by intermittent sources such as photovoltaic (PV) presents new challenges to increase system flexibility. This paper aims to investigate and emphasize the importance of the grid-connected PV system regarding the intermittent nature of renewable generation, and the characterization of PV generation with regard to grid code compliance. The investigation was conducted to critically review the literature on expected potential problems associated with high penetration levels and islanding prevention methods of grid tied PV. According to the survey, PV grid connection inverters have fairly good performance. They have high conversion efficiency and power factor exceeding 90% for wide operating range, while maintaining current harmonics THD less than 5%. Numerous large-scale projects are currently being commissioned, with more planned for the near future. Prices of both PV and balance of system components (BOS) are decreasing which will lead to further increase in use. The technical requirements from the utility power system side need to be satisfied to ensure the safety of the PV installer and the reliability of the utility grid. Identifying the technical requirements for grid interconnection and solving the interconnect problems such as islanding detection, harmonic distortion requirements and electromagnetic interference are therefore very important issues for widespread application of PV systems. The control circuit also provides sufficient control and protection functions like maximum power tracking, inverter current control and power factor control. Reliability, life span and maintenance needs should be certified through the long-term operation of PV system. Further reduction of cost, size and weight is required for more utilization of PV systems. Using PV inverters with a variable power factor at high penetration levels may increase the number of balanced conditions and subsequently increase the probability of islanding. It is strongly recommended that PV inverters should be operated at unity power factor.     

西北电力系统如何应对大规模风电开发与利用

分析了我国风电大规模开发面临的主要问题,并指出要解决风电并网的调峰和电力系统稳定等难题,必须依靠和建设统一坚强智能电网,坚定不移的实施“一特四大”战略,在坚持电网电源统一规划的基础上,实施风电与火电配套建设和打捆外送,实现区域问能源资源优化配置,建立风能全国消纳平台,促进新能源、常规电源与电网科学有序协调发展。     

Operation strategy of distributed energy storage system with multi-battery under output smoothing scenario

随着光伏发电在电网中渗透率的不断增加,光伏发电功率的不确定性和间歇性引起的光伏并网和弃电问题已引起关注。而采用"光伏+储能"的模式,却能有效缓解这一问题。在考虑储能电池容量衰退和光伏弃电率下,通过对不同光伏子阵配备的不同类型储能电池系统的运行进行仿真模拟,以消除光伏发电随机波动特性对电网的冲击为目的,研究平滑输出场景下分布式储能系统的电池的操作策略,优化储能系统中各储能电池子阵的运行。最后,采用共和地区20 MW （峰值）储能实证基地项目多电池储能系统实际案例对本模拟方法进行了验证。     

西北电网风电调度运行管理研究

介绍了西北电网的风电场现状、规划容量及接入情况．阐述了大规模风电场接入对西北电网调频、调峰、稳定性及无功调节等各方面安全运行带来的影响,分析研究了大量风电场集中投运对发电计划编制、调度运行控制、电力市场交易模式、并网运行管理所提出的新要求,最后提出了加快750骨干网架建设、提高对风电的监控能力及调度技术支撑手段、探索电量交易模式及消纳机制、加强风电并网运行管理等解决方案和应对策略,确保西北风电与电网实现协调、有序的发展。     

Design of a robust and efficient power electronic interface for the grid integration of solar photovoltaic generation systems

Nowadays, the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation in distributed generation (DG) systems is growing rapidly. This condition imposes new requirements to the operation and management of the distribution grid, especially when high integration levels are achieved. Under this scenario, the power electronics technology plays a vital role in ensuring an effective grid integration of the PV system, since it is subject to requirements related not only to the variable source itself but also to its effects on the stability and operation of the electric grid. This paper proposes an enhanced interface for the grid connection of solar PV generation systems. The topology employed consists of a three-level cascaded Z-source inverter that allows the flexible, efficient and reliable generation of high quality electric power from the PV plant. A full detailed model is described and its control scheme is designed. The dynamic performance of the designed architecture is verified by computer simulations.     

Field experience on solar electric power systems and their potential in Palestine

Palestine has a large number of rural small villages far from the national electric grids. Electrical loads in such villages are mostly small and can be covered by means of photovoltaic (PV) generators, which are economically more feasible than extending the electric grid or using diesel electric generators. Since PV has been rarely used in Palestine, this paper is devoted to investigating the potential of PV applications in Palestine, identifying the barriers for prevalence of PV applications as in other countries and demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of utilizing PV systems by presenting the test results of a PV system by supplying a rural clinic with its power demands. A method for designing the PV power system respecting the local environmental conditions is presented in this paper. The results of the measurements carried out over two years verify the reliability of the applied method. The illustrated test results show how far the PV-power generation can be matched with load demands and state of battery charge even during periods of low solar radiation. This could be achieved by respecting the local weather parameters in the illustrated sizing method. Long term field experience in designing, testing and operation of PV projects outside Palestine is presented in this paper.