富硒麦芽的制备工艺优化

为了获得有机硒含量高且品质优良的富硒麦芽,该研究以啤酒大麦为研究对象,比较两种富硒方式对麦芽硒含量的富集作用,分别研究了Na2SeO3溶液浸麦浓度、浸麦温度和浸麦时间对大麦芽长、发芽率和硒含量的影响,以总硒含量和有机硒比率为考察指标,采用响应面设计优化出富硒麦芽的最佳制备工艺,并对比了富硒麦芽和普通麦芽的理化指标。结果表明：对比发芽阶段采用Na2SeO3溶液喷淋,浸麦阶段采用Na2SeO3溶液浸泡显著提高了麦芽的有机硒含量。优化得到的最佳富硒麦芽制备工艺为：Na2SeO3溶液质量浓度为98 mg/L,浸麦温度为18 ℃,浸麦时间为20 h,此条件下麦芽总硒含量为19.81 mg/kg DW,有机硒含量为12.90 mg/kg DW。与普通麦芽相比,富硒麦芽的品质未受影响,总硒和有机硒分别提高了151倍和107倍。说明该制备工艺具有一定的竞争优势,可为今后富硒麦芽开发与利用提供一定的参考价值。     

微波消解—流动注射化学发光法测定小麦中铬及其生物吸收比

研究小麦及其土壤中微量铬的相关性,为富铬小麦品种的选育和富铬功能性食品的开发提供科学依据。用微波消解样品,建立流动注射化学发光法测定彩色小麦、普通小麦以其土壤中铬含量的方法。结果表明:在五个地区种植的六个品种小麦,铬含量在0.126 3~0.451 6μg/g之间。不同品种小麦的铬含量有所不同,普通紫麦的铬含量较高;同一品种小麦在不同地区种植,其铬含量也不同,商丘地区小麦铬含量较高。在同一生长环境下,不同品种的小麦铬的生物吸收比不同,普通紫麦的生物吸收比较大,商丘地区种植的普通紫麦的生物吸收比高达27.62%,是补充铬的理想原料,有一定的培育前景。     

不同品种彩粒小麦苗麦绿素提取工艺优化及其含量比较

以类黄酮、蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性作为评价指标,试验采用水浸提法,通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,考察了浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对山农紫小麦、黑小麦031244、紫小麦204W17、黑小麦202W20 4个品种彩粒小麦苗麦绿素制备的影响,确定其提取的最佳工艺,并对其麦绿素含量进行比较。结果表明,紫小麦204W17苗麦绿素中类黄酮和蛋白质含量均最高,分别为40.21mg/100g和49.04%,其提取的最佳工艺条件为浸提温度25℃,浸提时间2.0h,浸提料液比1∶4;山农紫小麦苗麦绿素中SOD含量最高,为1865.3U/100g,其提取的最佳工艺条件为浸提温度30℃,浸提时间2.5h,浸提料液比1∶3。综合评价得出紫小麦204W17苗和山农紫小麦苗的麦绿素含量更高。     

硒浓度对紫球藻的有机硒转化能力及生长的影响

目的 探究不同外加硒浓度对紫球藻生长、有机硒转化能力及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法 通过一次添加亚硒酸钠使硒终浓度分别达到0.2、0.5、1、2、5 mg/L, 以不添加硒的紫球藻为对照组, 对紫球藻生长指标和抗氧化酶活性进行分析, 并采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法(hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, HG-AFS)检测紫球藻藻体中总硒以及无机硒含量。结果 0.2、0.5 mg/L硒对紫球藻生长具有促进作用, 1、2、5 mg/L硒则抑制了紫球藻生长;0~5 mg/L硒浓度范围内, 紫球藻硒含量与所加硒浓度成正比, 其中5 mg/L硒浓度下, 紫球藻有机硒含量达484.47 μg/g, 占总硒含量的93.71%;硒能诱导紫球藻细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性增加, 且在高硒浓度下, 两种酶活性会再次增强。结论 低质量浓度硒有利于紫球藻生长, 高质量浓度硒则抑制其生长, 紫球藻GSH-Px与SOD酶活性表现相似, 且紫球藻对硒的富集和转化能力较强。     

加工过程对富硒小麦硒含量的影响

研究不同加工方式对富硒小麦硒含量的影响,以确定合适的加工工艺,减少硒在加工过程中的损失,为高硒保存率富硒产品的开发提供依据。以富硒小麦为研究对象,分析富硒小麦在磨粉、发芽、蒸、煮、炒制等加工过程中,外观品质和营养成分以及硒含量的变化,探究影响硒含量的因素。通过实验得到了以下结论:小麦是一种良好的硒富集载体,该富硒小麦硒含量达到了1.25 mg/kg。富硒小麦在发芽过程中硒含量先增加后趋于稳定,在3 d时达到最大值。3种热处理方式对硒含量的影响依次为:煮制蒸制炒制,其中煮制和蒸制过程硒受到溶出和受热挥发的双重作用,所以损失率较高。富硒小麦磨粉后,面粉和麸皮中的硒含量分别占总硒的60%和40%。     

广西部分地区市售大米中硒、锌含量调查与分析

目的 调查广西部分地区市售大米硒、锌含量水平。方法 按照随机采样的原则, 在2015~2016年广西6个区域(南宁、崇左、百色、钦州、北海、防城港)所管辖的35个区、县采集市售大米。硒含量按照GB 5009.93-2010中的氢化物原子荧光光谱法进行检测, 根据GB/T 22499-2008富硒稻谷中大米中硒含量在0.04~0.30 mg/kg之间作为评价富硒大米的标准; 锌含量按照GB 5009.14-2010 食品中锌的测定进行检测, 分析大米中锌含量水平。结果 共采集710份大米, 其中275份大米为富硒大米, 富硒米比率为38.7%, 硒含量均值为0.048 mg/kg, 最大值为0.164 mg/kg; 锌含量均值为13.3 mg/kg, 最大值为25.6 mg/kg。市售大米中硒平均含量达到富硒大米的要求, 锌含量也超过了国际水稻研究所报道的精米中的锌含量12 mg/kg的平均水平。结论 该实验数据可为后期研究大米中硒、锌与健康水平关系提供参考依据。     

紫外分光光度法测定小米中微量元素硒的含量

文章以黑龙江普通小米、隆疆牌富硒小米为材料,采用凯氏烧瓶消解-紫外分光光度法测定样品中微量元素硒的含量.结果表明:普通小米中硒含量为0.43mg/kg(干基),富硒小米1.56mg/kg(干基),标准曲线的相关系数r为0.9999,加标回收率为100.6％～105.7％,RSD为2.25％.因此,该法具有灵敏度高、稳定...     

富硒花生的营养品质和抗氧化活性

以不同的富硒花生为原料,探究富硒花生的营养品质和粗蛋白提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,花生富硒量的变化没有显著影响其水分、蛋白、脂肪、多糖、氨基酸含量;在矿物质组成上,富硒花生(2.36 mg/kg)较非富硒花生(0.15 mg/kg)的铜(5.74~12.02 mg/kg)、锌(30.86~36.58 mg/kg)含量显著增加,铁(39.43~32.69 mg/kg)、钙(363.49~365.80 mg/kg)、镁(2 770.30~2 465.64 mg/kg)含量显著降低;不同的富硒花生的粗蛋白通过SDSPAGE在14.4~116.0 ku范围分离出12个条带,且不同分子质量的蛋白或肽链的浓度有所差异。在相同的蛋白质浓度下,硒浓度的变化趋势与富硒花生粗蛋白提取物的抗氧化活性的变化趋势一致,Fe还原力最高增加7倍,羟基清除率最高达89%。     

纳米硒提高双孢菇子实体的硒含量和品质

该研究制备了性状稳定的纳米硒,并对其进行表征;并分析了不同浓度纳米硒对双孢菇子实体中硒含量、水分、粗多糖、总氮、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总游离氨基酸、总氨基酸含量及双孢菇单朵均重的影响;以及培养基中添加不同浓度纳米硒双孢菇子实体的综合品质。结果表明,除水分和硒含量随着纳米硒浓度的增加而上升,其他成分含量均随着培养基中纳米硒含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。双孢菇培养基中纳米硒添加量为0.5~2.5 mg/kg时,双孢菇子实体中硒含量达到0.19~0.90 mg/kg干物质,比对照双孢菇中硒含量提高2.38~11.25倍。聚类分析和主成分分析结果均表明培养基中纳米硒添加量为1.0 mg/kg时,双孢菇子实体的综合品质最佳,单朵均重达到22.90 g,保藏期约延长1~2 d。上述研究结果可为富硒双孢菇的深入研究以及其大规模生产提供数据支撑。     

土壤施用硒肥对猕猴桃含硒量、镉铅积累及品质的影响（英文）

以"贵长"猕猴桃为实验材料,研究外源硒对猕猴桃硒含量、镉和铅积累和内在品质的影响。将亚硒酸钠按0.00、1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00 mg/kg的剂量分别添加于水、有机肥中进行土壤穴施。结果表明:硒肥添加于水、有机肥中均能增加猕猴桃硒含量,降低镉和铅的积累,改善猕猴桃果实品质;但硒肥添加于有机肥中效果更为显著。随着硒肥中硒含量的增加,猕猴桃果实中硒含量逐渐增加,镉和铅含量急剧降低。在1.25~10.00 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠施用含量范围内,猕猴桃果实VC、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物、干物质和可滴定酸的含量得到显著改善。生产上推荐使用5.00~10.00 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠添加于有机肥中进行土壤穴施。     

Selenium levels in breads from Sakarya,Turkey

Selenium (Se) is an important trace element for human and animal health. It accumulates in wheat and corn, which is consumed mostly as bread. The Turkish population consumes mainly white wheat, whole wheat (brown bread) and corn breads. In this study, samples of these breads were collected from six different bakeries in the city of Sakarya, and their selenium levels were determined by ICP–OES after a chemical digestion. It was found that average selenium levels in white wheat, whole wheat and corn breads were 1149, 1204 and 2023?µg/kg, respectively. The results are compared with daily recommended intake and upper tolerable levels for selenium.     

Selenium levels in wheat flour from different regions of the USSR

Selenium content in the Soviet and imported wheat flour was studied in different regions of the USSR. Regions have been distinguished with high, medium and low level of selenium in wheat flour.     

山农紫糯小麦粉理化性质分析及其馒头产品的开发

糯小麦粉由于直链淀粉含量很低而被赋予其独特的理化性质。本实验对山农新培育出的紫糯小麦品种制粉的理化和营养性质进行了测定,并与普通小麦粉配粉制作馒头,通过质构仪检测试验和感观评价相结合的方法对馒头品质进行了研究,从而确定了山东农业大学新培育紫糯小麦品种开发馒头产品的最佳工艺。试验结果表明:山农紫糯小麦粉的脂肪、蛋白质、灰分和蛋白质中清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量比普通面粉高,而淀粉和球蛋白含量比普通面低;其糊透明度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、糊化温度较低,但崩解值、峰值黏度、回生值高。添加15%的紫糯小麦粉可显著的改善馒头的表皮色泽,并且对馒头的弹性、黏着性、黏聚性和回复性影响最大,此时馒头的总评分达到最大值。     

Selenium intake by the population of Lithuania]

The level of selenium was assayed in the blood and food products to study the providing of the Lithuanian population with this trace element. It was shown that imported wheat containing high levels of selenium played a significant role in providing with this trace element of the population of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia where home-produced foods are deficient in selenium. The mean level of selenium in the blood serum of the Lithuanian population comprised 90 micrograms/l (96 micrograms/l was most frequent). Selenium consumption was 100 micrograms/man.     

Analysis of main physicochemical parameters in purple wheat with different milling technology

With layered milling flour technology, the efficiency of the nutrient distribution and hardness was demonstrated with the purple and normal wheat separation milling. The results showed that the total content on amino acid in purple wheat was 8.2–12.9% higher than the common wheat. Compared with the main nutriments Se, Fe, Ca between purple wheat and common wheat, the results showed that different milling methods treatment are capable of separating the different wheat flour from endosperms, bran, and aleurone layers. Micro and physicochemical characterization of different wheat flour and layers by means of microscopy techniques and images analysis provided relevant qualitative and quantitative information, which can be useful for the study of the microstructure of purple and normal wheat products and also for its processing and utilization.

Practical applications

Color wheat has gained more importance in the recent years due to its health benefits. Purple wheat is balanced in amino acid, mineral elements, and Wet gluten. Therefore, purple wheat is an excellent flour product source according to the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). Purple wheat rich in amino acid such as leucine, proline, serine, glycine, threonine, and glusate provide important roles in the quality and nutrient value of dough. Lately, the food industry has had a strong interest on purple wheat due to their benefits such as better delivery of protein components, and greater stability and functional performance. Using purple wheat as an ingredient in a flour product will not only improve the nutritional profile of the dough but will also substantially increase the natural microelement content. This study describes the development and characterization of flour product containing purple wheat.     

Measurement of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals in purple wheat

The major anthocyanin composition of normal purple wheat and heat stressed purple wheat were measured using HPLC, LC–MS/MS and the pH differential method. The lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and melatonin content were also measured. Total anthocyanin profile of normal purple wheat (491.3 mg/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the heat stressed purple wheat (522.7 mg/kg). Thirteen major anthocyanins were isolated and cyanidin 3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in purple wheat. Using the pH differential method, the total anthocyanin content of normal (500.6 mg/kg) and heat stressed (526.0 mg/kg) purple wheat were similar to those observed using HPLC. The SDG content of normal and heat stressed purple wheat were 770 and 520 μg/kg, while melatonin content was 4 and 2 μg/kg, respectively. The presence of SDG and melatonin in addition to anthocyanins may contribute to the health benefits associated with consumption of coloured cereal grains.     

Wheat flour confectionery products as a source of inorganic nutrients: zinc and copper contents in hard biscuits

Cereal-based confectionery products being consumed through whole human life are considered mainly to be a source of carbohydrates, that is energy, although cereals are a rich source of minerals as well. To evaluate some hard biscuits produced in Croatia as a source of different trace elements in nutrition, in this study Zn and Cu contents were determined in classic wheat flour biscuits and in dietetic biscuits enriched with whole wheat grain flour or whole wheat grain grits, soya flour and skimmed milk. Zn was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Cu was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results show that the Zn content in different kinds of biscuits ranges from 5.89 up to 17.64 mg/kg and the Cu content ranges from 1.15 up to 2.79 mg/kg depending on the type of wheat milling products and mineral content of other ingredients used. Enriched dietetic biscuits produced from wheat flour type 850 and whole wheat grain flour and/or soya flour and skimmed milk were almost 200% and 150% higher in Zn and Cu, respectively, in comparison to classic white wheat flour biscuits and can be considered as good sources of Zn and Cu in nutrition.     

两种制粉方式对紫粒小麦营养功能成分的影响

采用机械分层碾磨和石磨制粉2种加工方式,对"贵紫4号"紫粒小麦加工的面粉和麸皮进行淀粉、粗蛋白、脂肪、粗纤维、维生素、矿物质、氨基酸、总酚、花青素等营养功能成分的对比分析。结果表明,机械分层碾磨和石磨制粉,对面粉和麸皮的营养功能成分影响显著(P<0.05),机械一等粉和机械麸皮的常规营养成分、钙、铁、锌和维生素含量分别高于石磨面粉和石磨麸皮,而石磨面粉的硒含量比机械一等粉高113.90%,石磨制粉的花青素含量比机械制粉高4.90%,说明2种加工方式各有优缺。从氨基酸组成看,"贵紫4号"紫粒小麦的AAS评分高于普通小麦9.70%,且麸皮中的赖氨酸评分大于1(变为非限制性氨基酸),花青素含量达2 904.93 mg/kg,是麸皮入粉进行全麦加工的优质原料。     

酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响

试验选择108只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡(公母混合),随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每重复12只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组A在对照组日粮基础上添加0.3mg/kg硒(亚硒酸钠),试验组B在对照组日粮基础上添加0.3mg/kg硒(酵母硒),饲养35d。通过检测试验鸡组织中硒含量和超氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量,来研究酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:酵母硒组鸡群的肌肉组织中硒含量显著高于对照组;与对照组相比,酵母硒和亚硒酸钠均可显著提高鸡群血液和组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著降低丙二醛含量。     

生物强化硒和锌的豆芽制备、分布及形态研究

为锌和硒缺乏人群通过日常膳食补充此2种元素,以大豆作为生物强化的载体,采用浸泡的方式添加不同浓度的锌溶液和硒溶液,通过大豆发芽过程实现对锌、硒微量元素的富集和转化,制备出富含锌和硒的豆芽.结果 显示,当ZnS04浓度为2.40 mmol/L、Na2SeO3浓度为0.30 mmol/L、浸泡时间为10h、发芽时间为96 ...