Electric stresses in three-core cables equipped with optical fibersensors

XLPE cables equipped with optical fiber sensors for on-line fault and problem detection are being manufactured and installed, particularly at the 66 kV level. The insertion of these sensors which generally possess electrical properties different from those of the cable insulation, is expected to influence the electric field distribution in the space surrounding the HV conductors. This situation in turn affects the `electric stress' on the HV insulation. This paper examines those effects not only in terms of subsequent alterations in electric field magnitude but also the changes in the orientation of the field's elliptic polarization which is prelude to the possible initiation of local discharges within the insulation. The boundary element technique is applied to simulate sheathed three-core belted cables with fiber sensors. With an adequate number of strip charges, this method is used to calculate the electric field distribution in a 66 kV power cable containing optical fiber units. The variation of the electric stress at critical spots within the insulation with the location of the sensor and the permittivity of its insulation material is investigated     

Electrical Stress Distribution in Three-Core Belted Power Cables

A charge simulation method is used to calculate the stress distibution in a three core belted power cable having circular conductors. Each conductor is represented by Nc infinite line charges arranged in a circular pattern inside the conductor. The sheath is represented by Ns infinite line charges arranged in a circular pattern outside the sheath. Values of Nc and Ns are slected so that the percentage potential error is below 1% even when inter conductor spacing is very small. The variation of stress with location, time and cable parameters is studied in the entire cable crossection. The locations of maximum stress points are determined and magnitudes of these stresses are calculated using typical cable design parameters. The results are presented in a normalized format so that they can be readily applied.     

Practice and Accepted Rules of Shielding Power Cables

The Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association voltage limits differ from those permitted by the 1975 National Electrical Code for nonshielded extruded insulated conductors rated 2001 to 8000 V. These differences have created among cable users a renewed interest in the subject of power cable shielding. A brief history of shields has been employed as an introduction to a review of shielding. Electric field patterns in nonshielded versus shielded cable are described along with reasons for shielding and the several functions performed by shields. It is shown how electric stresses can create tracking or surface discharge in typical nonshielded cable installations Also reviewed are methods of minimizing shield losses in single-conductor shielded cables     

Corona power loss determination on multi-phase power transmission lines

This paper presents a method to calculate the corona power loss and the ground-level electric field values for three- and six-phase power transmission lines. The charge simulation technique is applied in which the surface charge on the stressed conductors as well as the space charge around each conductor are represented by two discrete sets of unknown infinite line charges. Satisfying properly chosen boundary conditions at the transmission-line conductor surfaces results in a system of linear algebraic equations whose solution evaluates the unknown line charges. The emission of ions from a conductor surface is assumed to take place when the magnitude of the charge simulating its surface charge exceeds an onset value based on a pre-defined corona onset field value for both positive and negative half cycles. The simulation space line charges are displaced back and forth to the conductor by the action of the electric field whose magnitude and direction depend on the simulation charges in the conductor and in the surrounding space. Recombination process takes place whenever charges of opposite polarities meet together. The calculated corona power loss for three-phase power transmission lines agreed satisfactorily with those reported earlier, and for the first time, the six-phase corona power loss will be presented.     

10kV交流三芯电缆中间接头直流化改造热-电耦合仿真研究

将交流电缆改为直流运行后,对电缆接头进行温度场和电场仿真并研究其温度和场强分布规律对改造后的电缆供电能力的评估非常重要,目前关于交流电缆直流化改造的研究主要是针对电缆本体,对电缆接头的研究还较少.本文建立了城市配电网中常见的10 kV交流三芯电缆接头的三维仿真模型,首先采用ANSYS中的热-电耦合模块对接触系数k=4时...     

确定测量三芯电力电缆芯线电流用磁传感器安装偏角的方法

为解决用磁传感器测量三芯电力电缆各芯线电流过程中磁传感器难以准直的问题,文中提出了一种确定磁传感器安装偏角的方法。采用4个磁传感器,在三芯电力电缆表面4个不同位置测量磁感应强度的切向分量;采用"扫描"算法,消除磁传感器安装偏角在计算过程中带来的非线性影响,将非线性方程组转化为线性方程组进行求解;根据磁传感器的测得值和三芯电力电缆的设计参数,得到各磁传感器的安装位置与电缆内相应芯线的偏角,并可进一步求解出三芯电力电缆各芯线电流的实际大小。电磁场有限元仿真试验和解析模型计算的结果表明,此方法具有较好的准确性,对三芯电力电缆运行状态的有效、准确监测具有指导价值。     

基于3D模拟电荷法的变电站工频电场计算

高压变电站内工频电场的计算与评测日益重要。为此,采用3D模拟电荷法（charge simulation method,CSM）对某变电站户外区域离地1．5m高度处工频电场进行了计算和分析。模拟电荷采用置于导体轴线上的线电荷模拟,电荷密度在线单元上呈线性分布。采用ANSYS前、后处理模块实现实体建模和计算云图的3D渲染;通过对一条1000kV特高压输电线路走廊内工频电场的计算,验证了3DCSM方法的正确性。对一个实际的110kV变电站的工频电场进行建模仿真,电场强度的数值分布规律同理论分析基本符合;在工作走廊上计算值同实测结果变化趋势一致,在电气设备不太密集的区域,计算值与实测值之间误差〈10％。该方法可以用来求解大模型开域场问题。     

Measurement of space charge in XLPE insulation under 50 Hz acelectric stresses using the LIPP method

Space charge is believed to play an important role in ac electrical ageing of polymeric insulation, particularly where electrical treeing is the dominant cause of premature failure. The majority of work to date has been on the space charge characteristics under dc electric stresses, whereas work on the dynamics and the role of space charge on electrical breakdown under 50 Hz ac conditions have only received limited attention. Consequently, a full understanding of space charge trapping and dynamics under ac operating conditions is required if ever more reliable polymer insulated cable systems are to be developed. The present paper reports on aspects of an on-going investigation into the measurement of space charge in XLPE insulation under 50 Hz ac stress using the laser induced pressure propagation (LIPP) technique. Some important features of the method are described such as, point on wave control of the laser and use of correction factors to offset variations in the laser power and ablation of the target material. Emphasis has also been placed on establishing a simple method for analysing data, termed "X-plots". Some preliminary results of the space charge and electric stress distribution of un-degassed and degassed crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) plaques aged electrically under ac stress (30 kV_peak/mm) for 24 h are also presented     

一种测定三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的方法

为解决三芯电力电缆质量检验过程中内部各相芯线位置难以测定的问题,提出了一种测定三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的方法。具体地,通过在三芯电力电缆外表面轴向横截面对称地安装2个磁传感器,在给该电缆内某单相芯线施加电流激励后,用磁传感器测量所在位置处磁感应强度的切向分量;根据2个磁传感器的测得量值,利用安培环路定理以及该单相芯线中心位置与磁传感器位置之间的几何关系,求解该单相芯线中心到三芯电力电缆中心的距离,以及该单相芯线中心和三芯电力电缆中心的连线与y轴之间的夹角,即可求解出该单相芯线的位置;通过给三相芯线分别施加电流激励,便可分别测得三相芯线的位置,从而实现对三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的测定。电磁场有限元仿真试验和解析模型计算的结果表明,此方法准确性高,对三芯电力电缆生产工艺水平提高和质量检验具有指导价值。     

OPLC结构和应用的探讨及光纤后安装方案

OPLC是绝缘线芯与光传输单元的组合,光传输单元在OPLC结构中的位置将影响光传输性能.OPLC在电和光分离时,要求光传输单元的长度大于绝缘线芯,截去绝缘线芯将导致资源消耗.文中指出光传输单元应处于OPLC缆芯的侧面位置,同时提出了OPLC中光纤后安装的方案.该方案中OPLC含有绝缘芯线和空心微管,将OPLC按正常的电...     

负直流下绞线电晕起始电压分析

电晕放电是输电线路设计和运行中面临的突出问题,电晕放电产生的能量损耗和无线电干扰、可听噪声干扰是线路设计和运行中需要考虑的重要因素.为求解绞线负直流电晕起始电压,采用模拟电荷法计算绞线表面电场,并利用气体放电理论建立模型.绞线表面电场比同等半径的光滑导线要高,利用绞线模型计算电场更接近于实际导线.电晕起始电压计算模型将初始电子崩能否在阴极表面产生一个自由电子触发二次电子崩的发展作为电晕起始电压的判据.利用电晕起始电压计算模型研究了负直流电晕起始电压与气压的关系,电晕起始电压随气压下降减小,主要原因是有效电离系数增大导致的电离区域的扩大.并研究了电晕起始电压与线路导线结构参数--导线半径、线路对地高度、导线分裂数、分裂间距等的关系.     

±320kV直流电缆交联聚乙烯/三元乙丙橡胶附件击穿特性

高压直流电缆接头与终端为电缆系统故障的多发点,其击穿强度为直流输电系统安全稳定运行的重要基础。文中以±320 kV高压直流海底电缆中交联聚乙烯(cross linked polyethylene,XLPE)/三元乙丙橡胶(ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM)附件为研究对象。首先,研究电缆及附件负荷循环耐压试验,发现附件界面为击穿薄弱环节;其次,研究绝缘材料电导率随温度变化特性对电场分布的影响规律,通过有限元仿真模拟电缆空载和满载运行时附件的温度分布与电场分布,发现最大电场出现在电缆绝缘靠近附件应力锥一侧,为29.5 kV/mm,低于附件材料的击穿场强;最后,研究界面在直流电场下空间电荷特性对电场分布规律的影响,通过电声脉冲法测试复合叠层片状样品介质界面的空间电荷及其电场分布,发现场强畸变率约为100%~200%。同材料本征绝缘匹配相比,界面空间电荷积聚对附件内部电场造成的畸变程度更严重,在后续附件提升中应更注重开发抑制空间电荷的绝缘材料。     

分裂导线表面场强的一种较准确计算方法

对于特高压输电线路的设计而言,分裂导线表面电场强度的计算是一个主要问题。基于模拟电荷法,提出了一种计算分裂导线表面电场强度的较准确方法。它采用自适应方法确定模拟电荷的位置,并给出了求取各相导线最大场强的计算公式,可直接计算任意导线表面和空间任意点的最大场强。该方法所用的模拟电荷数较少,计算简单,计算准确度较高。实例计算结果验证了该方法的正确性和准确性。     

外加电压及绝缘温差对XLPE直流电缆电场分布的影响

为了明确交联聚乙烯绝缘直流电缆电场随外加电压和绝缘温差的分布规律,基于有限元仿真分析方法,对±500 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘直流海缆进行了不同外加电压和绝缘温差下的电场分布研究,并与拉普拉斯场强计算方法进行对比.结果表明,通过拉普拉斯场强计算方法得到的直流电缆绝缘场强呈稳定分布,而有限元仿真情况下可见随着绝缘温差升高直流电...     

Effect of the variation of the charge distribution along multi-overhead transmission lines’ conductors on the calculation method of ground surface electric field

This paper presents a new methodology to calculate the ground surface electric field, produced by overhead transmission lines (OHTLs), taking into account the effect of the variation of the charge distributions along the conductors of multi-overhead transmission lines. In this paper, the effects of the conductors sag, the presence of the tower, replacing the sub-conductors of each phase with an equivalent conductor, the presence of the ground wires, and the presence of another overhead transmission line (OHTL) circuit on the electric charge distribution along the OHTL conductors and hence on the calculation of the ground surface electric fields are extensively studied. The suggested technique is verified by comparing its results with a measurement by the other. The suggested technique is based on both the Charge Simulation Method (CSM) and the Image Method (IM).     

光纤复合三芯电缆非磁性金属光单元感应电势的计算

运行中交变电场在光纤复合电缆的非磁性金属光单元上产生感应电势,感应电势的大小是决定光单元能否使用非磁性金属材料的一个主要因素。通过计算,认为光纤复合电缆中非磁性金属光单元的感应电势影响可忽略,光单元可以使用非磁性金属结构。     

利用模拟热荷法计算地下电缆稳态温度场

根据电场和温度场的相似性,提出了用于计算地下电缆群稳态温度场的模拟热荷法。利用热路的方法将电缆金属套损耗和铠装层损耗归算到电缆导体。利用调和平均法对电缆导体外的多层介质进行处理,最终将电缆等效为导体和外护层的2层结构。根据换热量相等的原则,将地表空气对流换热系数等效为一定厚度的土壤。在电缆线芯和空气中用模拟热荷代替原来的线芯损耗和空气对土壤温度场的影响。然后根据镜像法,按照地表空气等温、导体等温以及外护层和土壤边界温度梯度相同列出约束方程组。利用高斯法求解方程组,求得地下电缆群稳态温度场的分布。试验和有限元仿真验证了模拟热荷法在地下电缆群稳态温度场计算中的有效性。     

Determination of Electric Field and Space Charge in the Insulation of Power Cables With the Thermal Step Method and a New Mathematical Processing

This paper proposes a technique for determining the distributions of the electric field and space charge in the insulation of power cables by using the data acquired with the thermal step method (TSM). The TSM consists of applying a low-temperature step to a short-circuited or dc-energized cable and of acquiring a transient capacitive current. The processing technique described in this paper is based on a series decomposition of the electric field, the coefficients of the series being identified via the measured current. The accuracy and the stability of the calculation method are evaluated by simulations performed using various distributions of the electric field and different noise levels. An application of the technique to space charge measurements in a dc conditioned power cable is then presented.     

基于三芯电缆自取能技术的热状态评估系统研制

三芯电缆沿线由于缺乏可靠的电源,电缆热状态的监测难以有效开展。提出并研制一种基于三芯电缆自取能技术的热状态评估系统。针对三芯 电缆运行状态下电缆周围空间电磁场分布特征,采用了基于分裂绕组的三芯电缆取能技术,创新性地实现了三芯电缆非侵入式电磁感应取能;围绕三 芯电缆取能线圈的输出特性,设计了低损耗AC-DC变换器,避免了由于开关损耗较大而导致取能失败的问题;建立了有限元模型,分析了电缆内部的温 度分布;开展了实验验证,系统在电缆电流有效值为125 A的情况下可以获取峰值为248.3 mV的感应电压,满足系统正常运转的供电需求,建模评估得 出的电缆温度分布与实测值误差小于2%,证明了该自取能式热状态评估系统的可行性和实用性。     

高落差敷设XLPE电缆缆芯滑动受力试验

通过对高落差敷设的高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘皱纹铝护套电力电缆受力分析,设计了试验方案,对110 kV和220 kV等级的不同截面的电缆进行试验,验证电缆在运行中,缆芯与铝护套之间不存在位移。