T/ZS 0270-2022《数据知识产权质押服务规程》团体标准解读——基于团体标准与法律的互动

《数据知识产权质押服务规程》作为全国首个数据知识产权质押团体标准,也是首次从标准层面支持了数据知识产权。在法律层面,数据知识产权概念尚未明确提出,但数据知识产权质押所涉及的个人信息保护与处理、企业数据保护与利用、国家数据安全与发展在现有法律中已有规定。团体标准与法律具有互动性,数据知识产权质押团体标准的制定和实施有利于倒推数据知识产权及其质押的专门立法,同时,该团体标准也受现有法律约束,对该团体标准的解读必须与所涉现有法律保持一致。     

还强制性标准以本来面目——以标准与法律之区分为视角

强制性标准因其冠以“强制性”而被误认为是法律。有必要从理论上澄清这种误会,还强制性标准以本来面目。强制性标准只是标准的一种特殊类型,而非法的一种类型,法的体系中没有强制性标准的位置。强制性标准的内容是技术要求,不是法律上的权利义务,其功能作用与法律显著不同。强制性标准的“强制性”指标准的强制实施效力,而非法律的普遍约束力,标准的强制实施效力属于“外部约束”,其来自法律而非标准本身。还强制性标准以本来面目,旨在将它当做技术规范而非法律规范对待。只有这样,才能准确理解强制性标准,才能正确把握强制性标准在法律中的定位,才能在司法中规范适用强制性标准,避免混乱与差错。     

我国法律制定程序对强制性标准管理之借鉴

完善强制性标准制定程序是加强强制性标准管理的一个重要方面.本文通过介绍法律制定程序,分析法律制定各阶段的程序性要求,并与目前强制性标准制定程序进行比较,找出可供加强强制性标准制定程序管理的借鉴之处,推动强制性标准管理.     

论标准与专利的关系

本文从标准与专利技术在内容上的共性和差异、标准与专利权在性质和法律特征上的区别、标准化制度与专利制度最终目的的趋同性等几个方面,详细论述了标准与专利的关系,为解释标准与专利结合的正当性及标准实施和专利权的冲突提供了理论基础。     

2013，有关标准的几个事儿……

就强制性而言,标准具有法律属性;而法律通常又是另类的标准。从这个视角出发,今年至少有三部法规,囊括了标准的元素。     

试论缩微品法律地位的衡量标准

缩微品的法律地位问题,就是要在法律上承认档案缩微品与纸质档案原件有相等的凭证作用。其焦点在于缩微品能否如实反映原件内容以及如何避免制作过程中的随意性。本文拟从缩微品的主观标准、客观标准和法律标准三个角度对上述问题加以剖析。     

浅议对生态环境标准法律性质的反思

生态环境标准制度是环境法律体系的重要组成部分,生态环境标准的法律性质是生态环境标准制度得以有效实施的前提,但学界对此仍未形成共识。本文通过对现有观点的梳理和讨论,回顾生态环境标准为何需要进入环境法律体系,并着重从生态环境标准的规范效力的角度反思生态环境标准的法律性质,提出生态环境标准应定位为独立于法律法规和规章的、本身不具有法律性质和法律效力的技术规范。     

档案管理标准化与创新

本文主要介绍了档案管理相关法律、法规和标准,结合工作实际介绍了档案管理标准应用实践,以及国家标准化管理委员会档案管理标准化与创新举措,同时阐述了促进档案管理工作标准化与创新的意义。     

论食品安全标准的界分与适用——从“农夫山泉标准事件”谈起

"农夫山泉标准事件"折射出我国食品安全标准体系内在的冲突和不一致,并反映了食品安全标准在适用中的问题。《标准化法》虽然对各级标准的地位有所界定,但是标准冲突产生有两方面主要原因,一方面是标准本身,对于同一个对象,不同部门制定的标准发生冲突;另一方面是执行方面。要解决标准问题,首先必须厘清标准的法律性质和位阶,就标准自身冲突而言,可以通过判断其法律地位得出结论;就执行而言,法律地位明确了,该就哪个标准执行也就不言自明了。     

我国绿色金融标准识别与体系构建

绿色金融标准对绿色金融具有规范与治理的双重作用,已成为绿色金融和碳金融可持续发展的重要支柱。现有中国绿色金融标准体系以行政监管部门构建为主,绿色金融标准的行政规范性文件与行业标准、地方标准、团体标准共存。面对这一格局所带来的标准覆盖面有限、市场与社会参与度不足、标准文件法律属性模糊等问题,有必要厘清现有绿色金融标准体系的逻辑构成,区分绿色金融标准的不同法律性质,保障绿色金融标准在制定、实施过程中的合法性与合理性。     

The impact of supply chain relationships and integration on innovative capabilities and manufacturing performance: the perspective of rapidly developing countries

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between supply chain relationships/integration, innovative capabilities and manufacturing performance. The study adopts Institutional Theory and Resource-Based View Theory to assess relationships in 171 organisations drawn from three rapidly developing countries – Brazil, India and China. Data were collected using the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS VI) and analysed using structural equation modelling. The study found that supply chain relationships and integration relate positively to both product and process innovative capabilities. The study also found that both product and process innovative capabilities relate positively to manufacturing performance. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between product innovative capabilities and process innovative capabilities. The findings provide new insights into manufacturers in the three countries and show that the relationships they build with their customers have encouraged them to develop new innovative capabilities. These new capabilities, in turn, have enabled them to reap benefits of improved manufacturing performance.     

Methods for the capture of manufacture best practice in product lifecycle management

The capture of manufacturing best practice knowledge in product lifecycle management systems has significant potential to improve the quality of design decisions and minimise manufacturing problems during new product development. However, providing a reusable source of manufacturing best practice is difficult due to the complexity of the viewpoint relationships between products and the manufacturing processes and resources used to produce them. This paper discusses how best to organise manufacturing best practice knowledge, the relationships between elements of this knowledge plus their relationship to product information. The paper also explores the application of UML-2 as a system design tool which can model these relationships and hence support the reuse of system design models over time. The paper identifies a set of part family and feature libraries and, most significantly, the relationships between them, as a means of capturing best practice manufacturing knowledge and illustrates how these can be linked to manufacturing resource models and product information. Design for manufacture and machining best practice views are used in the paper to illustrate the concepts developed. An experimental knowledge based system has been developed and results generated using a power transmission shaft example.     

明式家具与北欧设计

中国明式家具与北欧现代家具虽然是产生于不同时代和不同地域的2种设计风格,但在材料的使用、设计思想的运用、设计师对产品风格的形成和影响以及家具产品与环境的协调性等方面存在着若干相通之处,文章从以上4个方面简要分析了两者的共同之处以及形成原因.     

随机度量空间的压缩性质

研究了随机度量空间的三种压缩(概率压缩、随机压缩、度量压缩)的性质、随机Ekeland变分原理和Caristi不动点定理以及它们与完备性之间的相互关系。     

Relationships between complexes of thermophysical properties and compressibilities of fluids

Based on experimental data for water and toluene, relationships between complexes of thermophysical quantities at a given temperature and pressure and between them and compressibility complexes are established.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 91–96, July, 1977.     

正交、菱面体和立方钙钛矿结构间的关系

通过对近年来正交、菱面体和立方三种对称类型钙钛矿锰氧化物实验结果的比较,研究了不同对称类型结构之间的关系,指出正交和菱面体结构偏离立方结构的幅度不大,所以在定性研究钙钛矿型锰氧化物某些物理问题时,可将三种对称类型统一用等效立方晶胞来表示。     

刨花板／铝／环氧树脂复合板力学性能分析

刨花板／铝／环氧树脂复合板是一种新型的叠层材料,它以刨花板和铝为主要原料。着重研究刨花板和铝复合的工艺条件及其与复合板性能间的关系。     

木/塑复合材料的生产配方与工艺研究

木/塑复合材料是一种新型复合材料.它以木粉和废旧塑料为主要原料.本文着重研究木/塑复合材料的生产配方和工艺条件及其与复合材料性能间的关系.      

Strengthening and mechanical stability mechanisms in nanostructured bainite

Understanding the main relationships between the microstructure parameters controlling the strength and ductility of low temperature bainitic microstructures is of considerable importance for further development of these grades. Although the microstructure essentially consists of solely two phases, bainitic ferrite and retained austenite, the complexity of the different microstructural characteristics, the natural consequence of its unique transformation mechanisms, might not provide with one unique answer, but a set of several parameters interdependent among them. This paper will deal with some of these relationships’ microstructure properties, strength, and ductility, with special emphasis in the mechanical stability (TRIP effect) of retained austenite.     

支持综合服务和区分服务的MPLS路由器的总体设计

简要介绍了综合服务、区分服务、流量工程等技术，及其与MPLS间的相互关系。然后在一种通用的综合服务网、区分服务网和MPLS网互通的网络构架下，提出了支持综合服务和区分服务的MPLS边缘路由器（LER）和核心路由器（LSR）的功能设计，最后说明了网络的处理流程。