灵芝漆酶对茶多酚染色羊毛织物性能的影响

为提升天然染料染色的染深性和色牢度,采用灵芝漆酶对茶多酚染色羊毛织物进行处理,研究漆酶对直接染色和媒染染色羊毛织物的影响。结果表明：漆酶处理可明显提高茶多酚染色羊毛织物的色深值和色牢度,羊毛织物的耐皂洗和耐汗渍色牢度均达到4～5级,耐光色牢度达到4级;灵芝漆酶处理茶多酚染色织物具有更加优异的紫外线防护能力;织物表面亲水性下降,体现出疏水性能。     

多酚氧化酶催化马齿苋提取物对真丝织物的染色

为开发天然染料生态染色体系,选用漆酶、酪氨酸酶催化的马齿苋提取物对真丝织物进行染色。探讨生物酶种类、酶催化温度及染色参数对织物K/S值及色牢度的影响,综合运用多种表征手段分析染色过程及机理。结果表明,漆酶在40℃下催化提取物1 h即可提高织物的染色深度。在染色温度80℃、pH为7的条件下染色3 h,所得丝织物的K/S值为2.639,耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级及以上。漆酶催化提取物对丝织物的上染过程符合准二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附;电子鼻传感器响应雷达图显示提取物经漆酶催化后染得的织物散发出非常浓郁的芳香气味。     

棉织物活性染料染色后的皂洗酶处理

纯棉梭织物经活性深红RE-287、活性黑RE-280和活性特深艳蓝ED-R染色后,采用皂洗酶取代传统的皂洗工艺进行处理,探讨皂洗酶用量、温度及处理时间对染色质量的影响。结果表明,皂洗酶用量在0.3～0.4 g/L、温度70～80℃、时间20 min条件下可获得理想的效果。与传统皂洗工艺相比,皂洗酶处理工艺可省去皂洗后的热水洗,染色织物皂洗沾色牢度可提高0.5级,湿摩擦色牢度可提高0.5～1级,同时显著降低废水的色度。     

皂洗酶在活性翠蓝G染色后处理中的应用

采用皂洗酶对活性翠蓝G染色织物进行皂洗,探讨皂洗酶用量、处理温度和时间对染色效果的影响,确定皂洗酶后处理的优化工艺为:冷水洗(2次,10 min)→皂洗(皂洗酶0.3 g/L、温度75℃、时间20 min、浴比1∶30)→冷水洗(2次,10 min)→烘干。结果表明,皂洗酶后处理不仅比传统皂洗工艺降低温度约20℃,而且处理后的染色织物皂洗沾色牢度可提高1级,湿摩擦牢度提高0.5级,表面色深略高于传统工艺,色光变化很小,色泽鲜艳度相同。     

漆酶对蚕丝织物的生物染色

基于漆酶的生物特性,采用漆酶对蚕丝织物进行处理,达到无染料显色的目的,分析了漆酶用量、温度、时间和pH对显色效果的影响,同时对显色后的蚕丝织物进行各种色牢度和显色均匀性测试,并通过红外光谱初步分析了蚕丝织物显色的机理。结果表明,漆酶对蚕丝织物显色的工艺条件为：漆酶用量50%（o.w.f）,温度50℃,时间24h,pH为4。显色蚕丝织物的颜色均匀性、耐皂洗和摩擦牢度都较好,耐酸稳定性较好,而耐晒牢度稍差。红外分析表明漆酶处理使蚕丝纤维中的酪氨酸残基转变为醌类物质而显色。     

棉织物染色后皂洗新工艺及皂洗酶的生产应用

阐述了棉织物活性染料染色后传统皂洗工艺的弊病,分析了低温皂洗剂、高分子皂洗剂、仿漆酶超分子皂洗剂等新型皂洗剂的皂洗效果。对皂洗酶进行探讨,分析了不同皂洗酶的皂洗试验以及皂洗效果,并介绍了H KLEEN 1皂洗剂在生产中的应用,及其与传统皂洗工艺在能源成本上的对比。结果表明,棉织物活性染料染色后采用传统皂洗工艺,生产工序长,洗涤次数多,水、电、汽耗量较大,残液色度高;用酶洗工艺替代传统的皂洗工艺越来越受到关注;H KIEEN 1皂洗剂在生产实践中降低了水、电、汽消耗,节省了时间,降低了成本。     

活性染料生物净洗工艺的设计与优化

设计了棉织物活性染料染色后的生物净洗工艺,考察了各工艺的洗涤效果及生态性指标。同时通过Box-Behnken试验,分析了漆酶与脂肽两步法联合净洗工艺中漆酶用量、脂肽用量、漆酶净洗时间对耐水烫色牢度的影响。结果表明,漆酶与脂肽两步法联合净洗工艺用水量较少,且洗涤后织物色牢度较常规皂洗高;脂肽用量、漆酶用量、净洗时间对两步法联合净洗工艺影响均非常显著,但程度依次减小;优化后两步法联合净洗工艺条件为漆酶1.10 g/L、脂肽0.05 g/L、漆酶净洗11 min。     

皂洗酶复配及其在染色后处理中的应用

应用漆酶DeniliteⅡS进行了染液脱色与棉染物酶洗试验,考察了不同助剂对漆酶处理效果的影响。结果表明：阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠、螯合剂EDTA等对漆酶酶活有一定的抑制作用;非离子表面活性剂平平加O和吐温-80能增加漆酶反应活性,使脱色率（数量、比例）增加。漆酶与吐温-80复配的皂洗酶对棉染物有较好的酶洗效果,处理后织物湿摩擦牢度有所增加。     

皂洗酶HS-005A在活性染色中的应用

采用皂洗酶HS-005A对不同活性染料染色织物进行皂洗.讨论了皂洗酶HS-005A用量、皂洗温度和皂洗时间对皂洗脱色率以及色牢度的影响,优化了应用工艺:酶HS-005A质量浓度l g/L,85℃皂洗20 min.与常规皂洗工艺相比,皂洗脱色率高,色牢度相当,色光变化小,节能减排效果显著.     

皂洗酶A在活性染色中的应用

采用皂洗酶A对活性染料染色织物进行皂洗,并与传统皂洗工艺对比.试验结果表明,皂洗酶A脱色(对雷马素蓝RGB)的最佳工艺条件为:温度50℃、pH值7.5、酶用量0.25 g/L;酶洗对织物的色光影响不大,可保持或提高摩擦牢度0.5～1级.     

固定漆酶与游离漆酶对造纸废水深度处理的研究

用固定漆酶和游离漆酶对造纸废水进行深度处理,重点分析了两种不同状态的酶在不同反应时间、温度、pH值下对造纸废水的CODCr和色度的去除率。结果表明:游离漆酶在处理废水时,最佳反应时间为8 h,最佳反应温度为55℃,最佳反应pH为5;固定态漆酶在处理废水时,最佳反应时间为6 h,最佳反应温度为50~55℃,最佳反应pH为4;通过对废水处理的效果对比,固定漆酶的优点在于达到最佳效果的反应时间短,酶的稳定性高,温度耐受性强,pH适应性显著增强。     

生化-混凝法处理制浆中段废水

采用序批式生物膜反应器处理制浆中段废水,研究结果表明,中段废水经序批式生物膜反应器生化处理后,CODCr、BOD5去除率均达到75%以上,AOX去除率也达到55%以上,但色度和TSS的去除效果不理想;GC-MS分析结果表明,生化处理过程中废水中的污染物质由氯代酚为主的氯化有机物转变为较多的酸类物质和烷烃类物质;采用聚合氯化铝对生化出水进行混凝处理可有效降低出水的色度和TSS。废水经生化-混凝处理后,CODCr、BOD5、色度、TSS和AOX去除率均达到90%左右,可达标排放。     

漆酶的固定化及其在造纸废水处理中的应用

漆酶是(对)-二酚:双氧氧化还原酶,是多铜氧化酶中的一种含铜的糖蛋白氧化酶参与木素的降解或聚合,具有氧化木素的能力.固定化漆酶能够延长漆酶的使用寿命,提高漆酶的稳定性及其对环境的耐受性.因此,它具有比游离漆酶更好的使用性质.综述了近年来漆酶的固定化方法及其在造纸废水处理中的应用与研究现状.     

漆酶的固定化及其在造纸废水处理中的应用

漆酶(对-二酚:双氧氧化还原酶)是多铜氧化酶中的一种含铜的糖蛋白氧化酶.参与木素的降解或聚合,具有氧化木素的能力.固定化漆酶能够延长漆酶的使用寿命,提高漆酶的稳定性及其对环境的耐受性,因此它具有比游离漆酶更好的使用性质.综述了近年来漆酶的固定化方法及其在造纸废水处理中的应用与研究现状.     

云芝漆酶在牛仔布生物整理中的应用

采用漆酶与酸性纤维素酶协同作用来降低牛仔布生物整理中的返沾色。结果表明:单独添加酸性纤维素酶虽然除毛效果好、剥色明显,但靛蓝染料对牛仔布的返沾色较重。而添加漆酶与酸性纤维素协同整理时,可以显著减少返沾色;当漆酶用量为5.0 g/kg牛仔布时,牛仔布的返沾程度减少83%,协同水洗时间以60 min为宜。牛仔布水洗整理的工厂放大试验显示:漆酶与酸性纤维素酶协同作用,一方面可使牛仔布的返沾色显著减弱,获得独特的“雪花”效果;另一方面还可使工厂废水中的靛蓝含量减少80%,有利于降低环境污染。     

973型蒸箱与封闭式循环漂染工艺

采用国家专利973型蒸箱等设备，通过封闭式循环漂染工艺，可对前处理蒸洗废液，轧染汽蒸所产生的冷凝染液中含有的大量粗颗粒染料、化学品，以及皂洗废液中的皂洗剂等，进行有效的回收利用，且提高了染色牢度，节能减污，大幅降低污水处理成本。     

Removal of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices using ultrafiltration and laccase‐ultrafiltration combinations

Phenolic compounds of fruit juices are responsible for haze and sediment formation as well as for color, bitterness and astringency. The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and laccase‐UF combination was investigated on phenolic contents of pomegranate juices and on filtration output. Laccase‐treated and then ultrafiltered pomegranate juices have shown a rapid increase in their color, when compared to only ultrafiltered (control) samples. Kinetic parameters of laccase were also determined. During the oxidation period, the changes occurring in pomegranate juices were estimated from phenolic contents, color and anthocyanin measurements. Results have shown that laccase oxidation produced a significant decrease in phenolic content of pomegranate juices while juice color the increased. However, in recent literatures, the possibility to remove polyphenols in apple juices was reported. We decided in this study that laccase treatment can not be applied due to the loss of natural red color and unwanted dark brownish color formation in pomegranate juice.     

Removal of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices using ultrafiltration and laccase-ultrafiltration combinations

Phenolic compounds of fruit juices are responsible for haze and sediment formation as well as for color, bitterness and astringency. The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and laccase-UF combination was investigated on phenolic contents of pomegranate juices and on filtration output. Laccase-treated and then ultrafiltered pomegranate juices have shown a rapid increase in their color, when compared to only ultrafiltered (control) samples. Kinetic parameters of laccase were also determined. During the oxidation period, the changes occurring in pomegranate juices were estimated from phenolic contents, color and anthocyanin measurements. Results have shown that laccase oxidation produced a significant decrease in phenolic content of pomegranate juices while juice color the increased. However, in recent literatures, the possibility to remove polyphenols in apple juices was reported. We decided in this study that laccase treatment can not be applied due to the loss of natural red color and unwanted dark brownish color formation in pomegranate juice.     

Laccase-catalyzed in-situ dyeing of wool fabric

Compared to the traditional dyeing processes using synthetic dyes, biological dyeing method has a bright future in the textile industry due to their advantages of environmentally-friendly and milder processing conditions. Biological dyeing involves the catalysis of phenolic monomers by oxidoreductases, such as laccase, to form the colorful polymers used for dyeing. In this study, wool fabrics were treated with laccase/phenol via a one- or two-step treatment, and polymers synthesized in-situ were used to dye wool fabrics. The K/S values of the wool fabrics were evaluated under different treatment conditions, including the dosages of laccase and dye precursor, temperature, pH, mediator type, and mechanical agitation. The surface of wool fibers was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the dyeing effect of the wool fabric samples using the single step processing method of in-situ color synthesis and fabric dyeing was better than those dyed using the two-step methods of color synthesis and fabric dyeing under the same conditions. The color depth of the dyed wool fabrics increased gradually with increasing concentration of laccase, and also depended on other process parameters, such as dosage of catechol, temperature, and pH. Moreover, addition of mediators and adjustment of mechanical agitation also improved the color depth of the wool fabrics which were dyed in-situ.